PMC:7283670 / 122509-123599 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7283670","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7283670","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7283670","text":"So far, close monitoring of over 100 patients, who were under treatment of chloroquine phosphate, has provided further evidence regarding the effectiveness of this long‐known medicine. Investigations indicated that chloroquine phosphate prevented exacerbation of pneumonia in these patients, improved their chest CT findings, and shortened the otherwise long natural course of the disease. Importantly, there have been no records of severe reaction or hypersensitivity to this therapeutic agent. It has been suggested that the broad‐spectrum antiviral activity of chloroquine phosphate lies within the complicated pharmacodynamics of the drug that results in a basic shift in the endosomal pH required for successful fusion of virus onto the host cell. chloroquine phosphate also seems to have disruptive effects on glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS‐CoV (Yin \u0026 Wunderink, 2018; Zumla et al., 2020), rendering them nonfunctional. It also interferes with activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, a signaling event involved in replication of HCoV‐229E (Kono et al., 2008).","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":307,"end":312},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":680,"end":689},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":747,"end":751},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":999,"end":1006},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A83","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T83","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A84","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T84","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180"},{"id":"A85","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T85","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A86","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T86","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"subj":"T83","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T84","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T85","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T86","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T232","span":{"begin":307,"end":312},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A232","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T232","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"},{"subj":"T232","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T666","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T667","span":{"begin":452,"end":468},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T669","span":{"begin":855,"end":859},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A666","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T666","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A667","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T667","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000605"},{"id":"A668","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T667","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005271"},{"id":"A669","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T669","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"subj":"T666","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T667","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T669","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":98,"end":101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":307,"end":312},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":499,"end":502},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":552,"end":560},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":659,"end":660},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":727,"end":732},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":747,"end":751},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":882,"end":886},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":963,"end":973},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":989,"end":998},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":1015,"end":1016},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":1017,"end":1026},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T154","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T155","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T156","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T157","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T158","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T159","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T160","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T161","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T162","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T163","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T164","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T165","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T52426","span":{"begin":75,"end":86},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T56465","span":{"begin":87,"end":96},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21830","span":{"begin":175,"end":183},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T87346","span":{"begin":215,"end":226},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T86968","span":{"begin":227,"end":236},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T49099","span":{"begin":542,"end":551},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T47561","span":{"begin":564,"end":575},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T3955","span":{"begin":576,"end":585},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":638,"end":642},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T64771","span":{"begin":753,"end":764},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":765,"end":774},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20352","span":{"begin":981,"end":988},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T35707","span":{"begin":999,"end":1006},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A43405","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T52426","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A84118","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56465","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367"},{"id":"A46274","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56465","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020"},{"id":"A83319","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56465","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780"},{"id":"A85317","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56465","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474"},{"id":"A70738","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T21830","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A76411","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T87346","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A42286","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T86968","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367"},{"id":"A32408","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T86968","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020"},{"id":"A92544","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T86968","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780"},{"id":"A93288","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T86968","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474"},{"id":"A45011","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T49099","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A91565","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T47561","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A41137","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3955","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367"},{"id":"A29766","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3955","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020"},{"id":"A82934","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3955","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780"},{"id":"A59775","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3955","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474"},{"id":"A52407","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T238","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A79819","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T64771","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A85310","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T240","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367"},{"id":"A22874","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T240","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020"},{"id":"A35025","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T240","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780"},{"id":"A60351","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T240","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474"},{"id":"A18785","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20352","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52290"},{"id":"A76818","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T35707","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"subj":"T52426","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T56465","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T21830","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T87346","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T86968","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T49099","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T47561","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T3955","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T238","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T64771","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T240","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T20352","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T35707","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":452,"end":468},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002524"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":816,"end":829},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":999,"end":1026},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010737"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1017,"end":1026},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T1023","span":{"begin":0,"end":184},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1024","span":{"begin":185,"end":389},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1025","span":{"begin":390,"end":495},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1026","span":{"begin":496,"end":938},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1027","span":{"begin":939,"end":1090},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1023","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1024","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1025","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1026","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1027","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T318","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T319","span":{"begin":452,"end":468},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A318","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T318","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A319","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T319","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041092"},{"subj":"T318","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T319","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"2499","span":{"begin":977,"end":1013},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2500","span":{"begin":37,"end":45},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2501","span":{"begin":282,"end":290},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2502","span":{"begin":855,"end":863},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2503","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1069},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2504","span":{"begin":75,"end":96},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2505","span":{"begin":215,"end":236},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2506","span":{"begin":564,"end":585},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2507","span":{"begin":753,"end":774},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2508","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2509","span":{"begin":452,"end":468},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2499","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2499","obj":"Gene:1432"},{"id":"A2500","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2500","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2501","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2501","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2502","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2502","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2503","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2503","obj":"Tax:11137"},{"id":"A2504","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2504","obj":"MESH:C023676"},{"id":"A2505","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2505","obj":"MESH:C023676"},{"id":"A2506","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2506","obj":"MESH:C023676"},{"id":"A2507","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2507","obj":"MESH:C023676"},{"id":"A2508","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2508","obj":"MESH:D011014"},{"id":"A2509","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2509","obj":"MESH:D004342"},{"subj":"2499","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2500","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2501","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2502","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2503","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2504","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2505","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2506","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2507","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2508","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2509","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#93ecae","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","color":"#ec9493"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#93abec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#c5ec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#ec93df"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#93ecde"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#ecc493"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#aa93ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#95ec93"}]}]}}