PMC:7283670 / 116634-121310
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":90,"end":94},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":244,"end":247},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":325,"end":330},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":383,"end":396},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":416,"end":426},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":449,"end":454},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":508,"end":512},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":620,"end":643},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":711,"end":716},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":805,"end":808},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1050},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1117},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1394},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":1454,"end":1463},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":1484,"end":1492},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1524},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":1551,"end":1559},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":1829,"end":1840},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":2194,"end":2202},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":2305,"end":2323},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":2531,"end":2538},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":2637,"end":2642},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":2660,"end":2667},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":2866,"end":2873},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":2979,"end":2986},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":3150,"end":3153},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":3268,"end":3272},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":3296,"end":3300},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":3323,"end":3326},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":3369,"end":3372},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":3579,"end":3582},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":3635,"end":3638},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":3750,"end":3766},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":3761,"end":3766},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":3902,"end":3910},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":4038,"end":4041},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":4193,"end":4201},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":4254,"end":4265},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":4299,"end":4307},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A43","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T43","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A44","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A45","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A46","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825"},{"id":"A47","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860"},{"id":"A48","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68877"},{"id":"A49","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A50","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662"},{"id":"A51","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A52","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A53","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825"},{"id":"A54","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825"},{"id":"A55","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825"},{"id":"A56","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72202"},{"id":"A57","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T57","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A58","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A59","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A60","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863"},{"id":"A61","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A62","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67372"},{"id":"A63","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A64","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A65","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T65","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A66","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T66","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A67","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A68","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A69","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T69","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A70","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A71","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T71","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A72","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A73","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A74","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A75","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768"},{"id":"A76","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A77","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A78","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A79","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T79","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A80","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T80","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82738"},{"id":"A81","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T81","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67128"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T223","span":{"begin":383,"end":396},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T224","span":{"begin":508,"end":512},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T225","span":{"begin":620,"end":643},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T226","span":{"begin":626,"end":643},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T227","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1050},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T228","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1117},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T229","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1394},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T230","span":{"begin":3268,"end":3272},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T231","span":{"begin":3296,"end":3300},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A223","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T223","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"A224","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T224","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A225","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T225","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"A226","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T226","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"},{"id":"A227","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T227","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"A228","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T228","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"A229","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T229","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"A230","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T230","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A231","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T231","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T598","span":{"begin":202,"end":209},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T599","span":{"begin":217,"end":224},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T600","span":{"begin":233,"end":242},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T601","span":{"begin":345,"end":354},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T602","span":{"begin":513,"end":519},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T603","span":{"begin":591,"end":600},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T604","span":{"begin":626,"end":654},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T605","span":{"begin":788,"end":797},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T606","span":{"begin":842,"end":851},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T607","span":{"begin":868,"end":877},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T608","span":{"begin":950,"end":959},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T609","span":{"begin":978,"end":982},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T610","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1145},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T611","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1274},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T612","span":{"begin":1309,"end":1324},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T613","span":{"begin":1337,"end":1341},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T614","span":{"begin":1857,"end":1861},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T615","span":{"begin":1873,"end":1883},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T616","span":{"begin":1884,"end":1894},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T617","span":{"begin":2035,"end":2039},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T618","span":{"begin":2051,"end":2061},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T619","span":{"begin":2062,"end":2072},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T620","span":{"begin":2135,"end":2139},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T621","span":{"begin":2161,"end":2165},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T622","span":{"begin":2288,"end":2292},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T623","span":{"begin":2495,"end":2499},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T624","span":{"begin":2520,"end":2524},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T625","span":{"begin":2565,"end":2569},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T626","span":{"begin":2589,"end":2593},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T627","span":{"begin":2676,"end":2680},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T628","span":{"begin":2712,"end":2716},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T629","span":{"begin":2763,"end":2767},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T630","span":{"begin":2772,"end":2781},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T631","span":{"begin":2816,"end":2820},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T632","span":{"begin":2903,"end":2907},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T633","span":{"begin":3066,"end":3070},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T634","span":{"begin":3111,"end":3115},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T635","span":{"begin":3155,"end":3159},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T636","span":{"begin":3200,"end":3204},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T637","span":{"begin":3328,"end":3332},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T638","span":{"begin":3416,"end":3419},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T639","span":{"begin":3421,"end":3430},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T640","span":{"begin":3436,"end":3447},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T641","span":{"begin":3436,"end":3445},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T642","span":{"begin":3515,"end":3519},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T643","span":{"begin":3670,"end":3674},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T644","span":{"begin":3686,"end":3695},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T645","span":{"begin":3782,"end":3791},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T646","span":{"begin":3810,"end":3814},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T647","span":{"begin":3971,"end":3974},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T648","span":{"begin":4049,"end":4065},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T649","span":{"begin":4078,"end":4088},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T650","span":{"begin":4451,"end":4459},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A598","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T598","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004619"},{"id":"A599","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T599","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004619"},{"id":"A600","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T600","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A601","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T601","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A602","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T602","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A603","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T603","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A604","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T604","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A605","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T605","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A606","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T606","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A607","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T607","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A608","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T608","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A609","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T609","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A610","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T610","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A611","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T611","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A612","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T612","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002305"},{"id":"A613","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T613","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A614","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T614","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A615","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T615","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A616","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T616","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003781"},{"id":"A617","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T617","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A618","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T618","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A619","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T619","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003781"},{"id":"A620","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T620","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A621","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T621","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A622","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T622","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A623","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T623","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A624","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T624","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A625","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T625","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A626","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T626","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A627","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T627","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A628","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T628","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A629","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T629","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A630","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T630","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A631","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T631","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A632","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T632","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A633","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T633","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A634","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T634","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A635","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T635","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A636","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T636","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A637","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T637","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A638","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T638","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012733"},{"id":"A639","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T639","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A640","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T640","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231"},{"id":"A641","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T641","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251"},{"id":"A642","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T642","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A643","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T643","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A644","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T644","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A645","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T645","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A646","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T646","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A647","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T647","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012733"},{"id":"A648","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T648","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021094"},{"id":"A649","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T649","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003781"},{"id":"A650","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T650","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":90,"end":99},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0000031"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":101,"end":107},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":113,"end":118},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":199,"end":200},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":210,"end":215},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":325,"end":330},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":355,"end":356},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":383,"end":396},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":449,"end":454},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":508,"end":512},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":508,"end":512},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":620,"end":643},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":711,"end":716},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":798,"end":803},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":852,"end":857},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":878,"end":883},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":960,"end":965},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1050},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1117},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":1247,"end":1253},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":1258,"end":1263},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1335},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009260"},{"id":"T112","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1394},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":1454,"end":1463},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000893"},{"id":"T114","span":{"begin":1854,"end":1855},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T115","span":{"begin":1895,"end":1900},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T116","span":{"begin":1935,"end":1940},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":2073,"end":2078},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T118","span":{"begin":2151,"end":2156},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":2305,"end":2314},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28790"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":2451,"end":2459},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":2554,"end":2559},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":2637,"end":2642},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":2877,"end":2882},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":2944,"end":2949},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":3268,"end":3272},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":3268,"end":3272},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":3296,"end":3300},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":3296,"end":3300},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":3410,"end":3415},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":3431,"end":3432},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":3433,"end":3434},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":3448,"end":3453},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":3563,"end":3568},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":3641,"end":3650},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23965"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":3696,"end":3697},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":3709,"end":3714},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":3738,"end":3743},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":3750,"end":3760},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":3761,"end":3766},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":3778,"end":3780},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007448"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":3778,"end":3780},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050175"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":3797,"end":3804},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":3831,"end":3839},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":3848,"end":3855},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":4043,"end":4048},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":4066,"end":4071},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":4089,"end":4094},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":4294,"end":4297},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009260"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T28679","span":{"begin":782,"end":786},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21473","span":{"begin":858,"end":866},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T26447","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T78748","span":{"begin":1422,"end":1436},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T34968","span":{"begin":1573,"end":1581},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T29908","span":{"begin":1604,"end":1619},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T808","span":{"begin":1620,"end":1643},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T97246","span":{"begin":1725,"end":1748},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12470","span":{"begin":1841,"end":1853},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T31444","span":{"begin":1997,"end":2000},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T92547","span":{"begin":2002,"end":2014},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T85654","span":{"begin":2016,"end":2024},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T99475","span":{"begin":2243,"end":2253},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T58912","span":{"begin":2263,"end":2273},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15065","span":{"begin":2305,"end":2314},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T35226","span":{"begin":2324,"end":2334},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T92358","span":{"begin":2392,"end":2403},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T48146","span":{"begin":2408,"end":2417},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T45382","span":{"begin":2479,"end":2482},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T88878","span":{"begin":2483,"end":2493},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T48804","span":{"begin":2513,"end":2516},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T36178","span":{"begin":2531,"end":2538},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T91220","span":{"begin":2660,"end":2667},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16704","span":{"begin":2699,"end":2710},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T94799","span":{"begin":2731,"end":2740},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T84705","span":{"begin":2808,"end":2814},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T95181","span":{"begin":2866,"end":2873},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T28226","span":{"begin":2892,"end":2901},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T59450","span":{"begin":2979,"end":2986},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T83085","span":{"begin":2995,"end":3008},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20621","span":{"begin":3140,"end":3147},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T57244","span":{"begin":3176,"end":3194},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T42722","span":{"begin":3185,"end":3194},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T3126","span":{"begin":3356,"end":3365},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T44418","span":{"begin":3501,"end":3513},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T55778","span":{"begin":3508,"end":3513},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T94704","span":{"begin":3558,"end":3561},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T90361","span":{"begin":3592,"end":3603},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T95612","span":{"begin":3641,"end":3650},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T68860","span":{"begin":3655,"end":3668},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T80437","span":{"begin":3778,"end":3780},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17341","span":{"begin":3918,"end":3929},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T64638","span":{"begin":3951,"end":3954},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T28898","span":{"begin":3958,"end":3969},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T78355","span":{"begin":3965,"end":3969},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T23976","span":{"begin":3976,"end":3983},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T40002","span":{"begin":4003,"end":4006},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13574","span":{"begin":4028,"end":4036},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24625","span":{"begin":4156,"end":4175},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T63793","span":{"begin":4156,"end":4165},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T37913","span":{"begin":4166,"end":4175},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51827","span":{"begin":4232,"end":4236},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T45584","span":{"begin":4238,"end":4265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T182","span":{"begin":4254,"end":4265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6100","span":{"begin":4260,"end":4265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T184","span":{"begin":4272,"end":4282},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T59033","span":{"begin":4318,"end":4329},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T186","span":{"begin":4336,"end":4343},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A86866","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T28679","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26208"},{"id":"A26931","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T28679","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76567"},{"id":"A18520","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T21473","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568"},{"id":"A2957","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T26447","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248"},{"id":"A11520","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T78748","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24261"},{"id":"A60465","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T34968","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809"},{"id":"A30748","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T29908","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50847"},{"id":"A4112","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T808","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35705"},{"id":"A21169","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T97246","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35705"},{"id":"A12806","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T12470","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4031"},{"id":"A66161","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T31444","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_355510"},{"id":"A78144","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92547","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15939"},{"id":"A68296","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92547","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29807"},{"id":"A6050","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T85654","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2981"},{"id":"A96159","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T99475","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A7829","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T58912","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A37508","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T15065","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28790"},{"id":"A56182","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T15065","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_350546"},{"id":"A51758","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T35226","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706"},{"id":"A9655","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92358","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22586"},{"id":"A82282","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T48146","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A28079","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T45382","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18405"},{"id":"A58837","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T88878","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A4235","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T48804","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18405"},{"id":"A52059","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T36178","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A74731","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T91220","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A23943","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T16704","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A52832","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94799","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A64519","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T84705","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_42223"},{"id":"A11081","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T95181","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A44960","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T28226","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8459"},{"id":"A76120","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T59450","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A62688","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T83085","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17721"},{"id":"A47058","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20621","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924"},{"id":"A20595","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T57244","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37670"},{"id":"A5617","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T57244","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60258"},{"id":"A54060","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T42722","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A1902","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3126","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A19076","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T44418","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16480"},{"id":"A57555","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T55778","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741"},{"id":"A6746","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T55778","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356"},{"id":"A99612","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94704","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449"},{"id":"A12358","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94704","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27432"},{"id":"A64209","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T90361","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22586"},{"id":"A84136","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T95612","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16469"},{"id":"A31929","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T68860","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76989"},{"id":"A26089","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T80437","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51079"},{"id":"A74083","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T80437","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139019"},{"id":"A66280","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T80437","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140152"},{"id":"A67337","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T80437","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34826"},{"id":"A78676","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T17341","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433"},{"id":"A43220","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T64638","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449"},{"id":"A98848","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T64638","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27432"},{"id":"A74183","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T28898","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16494"},{"id":"A39384","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T78355","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A57645","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T23976","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134730"},{"id":"A41351","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T40002","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_355510"},{"id":"A29231","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T13574","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A7454","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24625","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924"},{"id":"A90571","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T63793","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781"},{"id":"A97752","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T37913","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409"},{"id":"A65590","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51827","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26208"},{"id":"A26054","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51827","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76567"},{"id":"A42508","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T45584","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26208"},{"id":"A28231","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T182","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35366"},{"id":"A46845","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T6100","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A45719","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T184","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994"},{"id":"A37874","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T59033","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_135870"},{"id":"A65226","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T186","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":299,"end":312},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":928,"end":943},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1185,"end":1207},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1192,"end":1207},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1373},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1484,"end":1503},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002377"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1535},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002377"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":2619,"end":2628},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T977","span":{"begin":0,"end":127},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T978","span":{"begin":128,"end":354},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T979","span":{"begin":355,"end":519},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T980","span":{"begin":520,"end":654},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T981","span":{"begin":655,"end":716},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T982","span":{"begin":717,"end":773},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T983","span":{"begin":774,"end":857},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T984","span":{"begin":858,"end":943},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T985","span":{"begin":944,"end":1065},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T986","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1117},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T987","span":{"begin":1118,"end":1263},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T988","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1331},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T989","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1463},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T990","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1591},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T991","span":{"begin":1592,"end":1840},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T992","span":{"begin":1841,"end":1996},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T993","span":{"begin":1997,"end":2212},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T994","span":{"begin":2213,"end":2362},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T995","span":{"begin":2363,"end":2478},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T996","span":{"begin":2479,"end":2528},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T997","span":{"begin":2529,"end":2698},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T998","span":{"begin":2699,"end":2807},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T999","span":{"begin":2808,"end":2891},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1000","span":{"begin":2892,"end":2994},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1001","span":{"begin":2995,"end":3031},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1002","span":{"begin":3032,"end":3130},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1003","span":{"begin":3131,"end":3194},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1004","span":{"begin":3195,"end":3310},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1005","span":{"begin":3311,"end":3415},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1006","span":{"begin":3416,"end":3500},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1007","span":{"begin":3501,"end":3539},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1008","span":{"begin":3540,"end":3640},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1009","span":{"begin":3641,"end":3766},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1010","span":{"begin":3767,"end":3855},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1011","span":{"begin":3856,"end":3870},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1012","span":{"begin":3871,"end":4344},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1013","span":{"begin":4345,"end":4368},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1014","span":{"begin":4369,"end":4493},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1015","span":{"begin":4494,"end":4676},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T308","span":{"begin":233,"end":242},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T309","span":{"begin":620,"end":654},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T310","span":{"begin":1884,"end":1894},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T311","span":{"begin":2062,"end":2072},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T312","span":{"begin":3436,"end":3445},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T313","span":{"begin":4049,"end":4065},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T314","span":{"begin":4078,"end":4088},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A308","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T308","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A309","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T309","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002783"},{"id":"A310","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T310","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012387"},{"id":"A311","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T311","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012387"},{"id":"A312","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T312","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115"},{"id":"A313","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T313","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002721"},{"id":"A314","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T314","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012387"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"2329","span":{"begin":2479,"end":2482},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2330","span":{"begin":2539,"end":2543},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2331","span":{"begin":2694,"end":2698},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2332","span":{"begin":2803,"end":2807},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2333","span":{"begin":2887,"end":2891},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2334","span":{"begin":2990,"end":2994},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2335","span":{"begin":3027,"end":3031},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2336","span":{"begin":717,"end":720},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2337","span":{"begin":655,"end":658},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2338","span":{"begin":520,"end":523},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2339","span":{"begin":357,"end":360},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2340","span":{"begin":195,"end":198},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2341","span":{"begin":2977,"end":2986},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2342","span":{"begin":2864,"end":2873},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2343","span":{"begin":2658,"end":2667},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2344","span":{"begin":2529,"end":2538},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2345","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1335},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2346","span":{"begin":782,"end":786},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2347","span":{"begin":2513,"end":2516},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2348","span":{"begin":202,"end":215},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2349","span":{"begin":255,"end":258},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2350","span":{"begin":362,"end":370},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2351","span":{"begin":533,"end":536},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2352","span":{"begin":662,"end":668},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2353","span":{"begin":669,"end":672},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2354","span":{"begin":724,"end":738},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2355","span":{"begin":788,"end":803},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2356","span":{"begin":842,"end":857},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2357","span":{"begin":868,"end":883},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2358","span":{"begin":950,"end":965},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2359","span":{"begin":973,"end":976},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2360","span":{"begin":978,"end":986},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2361","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1149},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2362","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1159},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2363","span":{"begin":1239,"end":1243},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2364","span":{"begin":1258,"end":1263},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2365","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1278},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2366","span":{"begin":1337,"end":1345},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2367","span":{"begin":1857,"end":1865},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2368","span":{"begin":1867,"end":1900},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2369","span":{"begin":1993,"end":1996},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2370","span":{"begin":2026,"end":2033},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2371","span":{"begin":2035,"end":2043},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2372","span":{"begin":2045,"end":2078},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2373","span":{"begin":2135,"end":2156},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2374","span":{"begin":2161,"end":2169},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2375","span":{"begin":2288,"end":2296},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2376","span":{"begin":2375,"end":2383},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2377","span":{"begin":2463,"end":2471},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2378","span":{"begin":2495,"end":2503},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2379","span":{"begin":2520,"end":2528},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2380","span":{"begin":2554,"end":2559},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2381","span":{"begin":2565,"end":2573},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2382","span":{"begin":2589,"end":2597},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2383","span":{"begin":2676,"end":2684},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2384","span":{"begin":2816,"end":2824},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2385","span":{"begin":2903,"end":2911},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2386","span":{"begin":3066,"end":3074},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2387","span":{"begin":3111,"end":3130},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2388","span":{"begin":3155,"end":3163},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2389","span":{"begin":3165,"end":3173},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2390","span":{"begin":3200,"end":3208},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2391","span":{"begin":3210,"end":3218},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2392","span":{"begin":3328,"end":3336},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2393","span":{"begin":3436,"end":3453},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2394","span":{"begin":3563,"end":3568},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2395","span":{"begin":3569,"end":3572},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2396","span":{"begin":3635,"end":3640},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2397","span":{"begin":3670,"end":3678},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2398","span":{"begin":3738,"end":3743},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2399","span":{"begin":3792,"end":3796},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2400","span":{"begin":3810,"end":3818},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2401","span":{"begin":217,"end":224},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2402","span":{"begin":3421,"end":3430},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2403","span":{"begin":3686,"end":3695},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2404","span":{"begin":3782,"end":3791},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2405","span":{"begin":3573,"end":3577},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2406","span":{"begin":740,"end":746},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2407","span":{"begin":747,"end":750},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2408","span":{"begin":891,"end":894},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2409","span":{"begin":2712,"end":2720},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2410","span":{"begin":3131,"end":3138},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2411","span":{"begin":233,"end":242},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2412","span":{"begin":345,"end":354},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2413","span":{"begin":508,"end":519},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2414","span":{"begin":587,"end":600},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2415","span":{"begin":626,"end":654},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2416","span":{"begin":1445,"end":1450},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2417","span":{"begin":2763,"end":2781},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2420","span":{"begin":69,"end":88},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2421","span":{"begin":113,"end":118},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2433","span":{"begin":3912,"end":3916},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2434","span":{"begin":4232,"end":4236},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2435","span":{"begin":4294,"end":4297},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2436","span":{"begin":4331,"end":4334},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2437","span":{"begin":3985,"end":3988},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2438","span":{"begin":3990,"end":4001},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2439","span":{"begin":4043,"end":4071},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2440","span":{"begin":4147,"end":4154},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2441","span":{"begin":4156,"end":4175},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2442","span":{"begin":4272,"end":4282},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2443","span":{"begin":4078,"end":4094},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2445","span":{"begin":4451,"end":4459},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2329","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2329","obj":"Gene:57026"},{"id":"A2330","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2330","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A2331","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2331","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A2332","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2332","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A2333","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2333","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A2334","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2334","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A2335","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2335","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A2336","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2336","obj":"Gene:5212"},{"id":"A2337","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2337","obj":"Gene:5212"},{"id":"A2338","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2338","obj":"Gene:5212"},{"id":"A2339","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2339","obj":"Gene:5212"},{"id":"A2340","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2340","obj":"Gene:5212"},{"id":"A2341","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2341","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A2342","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2342","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A2343","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2343","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A2344","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2344","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A2345","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2345","obj":"Gene:134864"},{"id":"A2346","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2346","obj":"Gene:9933"},{"id":"A2347","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2347","obj":"Gene:57026"},{"id":"A2348","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2348","obj":"Tax:11234"},{"id":"A2349","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2349","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2350","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2350","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A2351","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2351","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2352","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2352","obj":"Tax:9913"},{"id":"A2353","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2353","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2354","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2354","obj":"Tax:12066"},{"id":"A2355","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2355","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A2356","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2356","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A2357","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2357","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A2358","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2358","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A2359","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2359","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2360","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2360","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2361","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2361","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2362","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2362","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A2363","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2363","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2364","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2364","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2365","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2365","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2366","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2366","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2367","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2367","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2368","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2368","obj":"Tax:11120"},{"id":"A2369","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2369","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2370","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2370","obj":"Tax:4054"},{"id":"A2371","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2371","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2372","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2372","obj":"Tax:11120"},{"id":"A2373","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2373","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2374","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2374","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2375","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2375","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2376","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2376","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A2377","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2377","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A2378","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2378","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2379","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2379","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2380","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2380","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2381","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2381","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2382","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2382","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2383","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2383","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2384","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2384","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2385","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2385","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2386","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2386","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2387","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2387","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2388","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2388","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2389","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2389","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A2390","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2390","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2391","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2391","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A2392","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2392","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2393","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2393","obj":"Tax:11103"},{"id":"A2394","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2394","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2395","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2395","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2396","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2396","obj":"Tax:11676"},{"id":"A2397","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2397","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2398","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2398","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2399","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2399","obj":"Tax:102793"},{"id":"A2400","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2400","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2401","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2401","obj":"Tax:11234"},{"id":"A2402","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2402","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A2403","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2403","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A2404","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2404","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A2405","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2405","obj":"Tax:11137"},{"id":"A2406","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2406","obj":"Tax:9913"},{"id":"A2407","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2407","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2408","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2408","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2409","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2409","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A2411","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2411","obj":"MESH:D011014"},{"id":"A2412","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2412","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A2413","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2413","obj":"MESH:D055370"},{"id":"A2414","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2414","obj":"MESH:D018352"},{"id":"A2415","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2415","obj":"MESH:D012141"},{"id":"A2416","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2416","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A2417","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2417","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A2420","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2420","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A2421","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2421","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2433","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2433","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A2434","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2434","obj":"Gene:9933"},{"id":"A2435","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2435","obj":"Gene:134864"},{"id":"A2436","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2436","obj":"Gene:5212"},{"id":"A2437","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2437","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2438","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2438","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A2439","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2439","obj":"Tax:12721"},{"id":"A2441","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2441","obj":"MESH:C558899"},{"id":"A2442","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2442","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A2443","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2443","obj":"MESH:D001991"},{"id":"A2445","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2445","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Table 5 Therapeutic options that are available for the treatment of novel coronaviruses (cell line, animal, and human studies)\nGeneral treatment Nutritional interventions, targets or function Vit A Measles virus, measles‐related pneumonia, HIV, avian CoV, IBV Upregulating the elements of the innate immune, Making the cells refractory to infection\nB vit MERS‐CoV Enhancing immune system, Inhibiting the of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs, Anti‐inflammatory effects during ventilator‐induced lung injury\nVit C Avian CoV Supporting immune functions, protecting against CoV infection, preventing of the lower respiratory tract infections\nVit D Bovine CoV Triggering the maturation of immune cells\nVit E Coxsackievirus, bovine CoV Antioxidant function\nOmega‐3 PUFA Influenza virus, HIV Attenuating the replication of influenza virus\nSelenium Influenza virus, avian CoV Antioxidant function, inducing immune response\nZinc Influenza virus, avian CoV, SARS‐CoV Maintenance/development of innate and adaptive immune systems simultaneously\nIron Viral mutations Enhancing the immune system\nImmunoenhancers IFNs SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Acting as apart of the innate immune response, Inhibiting the replication of CoVs in animal and human\nIVIg SARS‐CoV Increasing the viscosity in hypercoagulable states\nTa1 SARS‐CoV Restoring the homeostasis of the immune system, Increasint the resistance glucocorticoid‐induced death of thymocyte\nTP5, munox Restore antibody production Restoring antibody production, Enhancing the antibody response, As adjuvant treatment\nLevamisole Immunostimulant/immunosuppressive agent Increasing the functions of cellular immunity, Act as immunostimulant agent or immunosuppressive agent through dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reversing the depressed helper/inducer lymphocytes\nCyclosporine A SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Both facilitating or inhibiting virus replication, blocking the all genera replication of CoV\nCTM Glycyrrhizin, Baicalin, Ginseng SARS‐CoV, avian infectious bronchitis virus Enhancing host immunity, Inhibiting the replication of SARS‐associated virus and SARS‐CoV, Enhancing the specific‐antibody responses\nSpecific treatments Protease inhibitors 3C‐like inhibitors Cinanserin, SARS‐CoV Act as serotonin receptor antagonist, Inhibiting the replication\nFlavonoids MERS‐CoV Act as antioxidant and antiviral compound, blocking the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro\nPLP inhibitors SARS‐CoV Inhibit PLP of SARS‐CoV\nS protein‐ACE2 blockers Human mAb SARS‐CoV Neutralizing SARS‐CoV, inhibiting syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and the SARS‐CoV receptor ACE2\nChloroquine SARS‐CoV Possess antiviral effect, inhibiting of SARS‐CoV infection via interfering with ACE2\nEmodin SARS‐CoV Blocking the interaction between the S protein of virus and ACE2\nPromazine SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the replication of virus, inhibiting the binding of S protein to ACE2\nNicotianamine Inhibiting the ACE2\nAntiviral treatments Ribavirin SARS‐CoV Inhibiting the the replication of SARS‐associated CoV\nLPV/RTV (Kaletra) HIV, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV protease inhibitor\nRDV SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV Improving the pulmonary function, reducing the lung viral loads and severe lung pathology\nNelfinavir HIV, SARS‐CoV Act as selective inhibitor of HIV protease, Inhibiting the replication virus\nARB influenza A/B, hepatitis C virus Blocking viral fusion, entry and replication\nNitric oxide SARS Antiviral effects\nOther compounds ALA human CoV‐229E, HIV Act as antioxidant, inhibiting the replication of HIV‐1\nEstradiol and phytoestrogen SARS‐CoV, MERS, influenza A Reducing virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells\nMucroporin‐M1 influenza H5N1 viruses, and SARS‐CoV Virucidal activity against viruses\nAbbreviations: 3 CLpro, 3C‐like protease; Ab, antibody; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ALA, α‐lipoic acid; ARB, arbidol; CoV, coronavirus; CTM, Chinese traditional medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IBV, bronchitis virus; IFN, interferons; IVIg, intravenous gammaglobulin; LPV/RTV, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PLpro, papain‐like protease; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RDV, remdesivir; S, spike; Ta1, thymosin α‐1; TP5, thymopentin; Vit, vitamin.\nJohn Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency."}