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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
22 374-421 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
23 423-433 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
24 44-68 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
25 70-78 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
26 360-368 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
27 591-599 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
31 690-698 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
32 914-922 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
33 923-932 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
36 1278-1285 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
37 1070-1078 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
41 1908-1916 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
42 2110-2118 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
43 2193-2201 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
46 2353-2359 Species denotes people Tax:9606
47 2969-2975 Species denotes people Tax:9606
49 3311-3319 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
54 5442-5449 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
58 3438-3446 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
59 3475-3483 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
61 3485-3493 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
67 3559-3565 Species denotes people Tax:9606
68 3583-3589 Species denotes people Tax:9606
69 3789-3799 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
70 3528-3536 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
71 3735-3744 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
79 4043-4049 Species denotes people Tax:9606
80 4697-4705 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
81 4756-4763 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
82 4999-5007 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
83 4055-4063 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
84 5039-5052 Disease denotes heart failure MESH:D006333
85 5087-5095 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
87 5135-5143 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
97 5157-5165 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
99 5789-5797 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
100 5879-5887 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
101 5969-5977 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
102 6115-6122 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
103 6266-6274 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
104 5229-5249 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
105 6210-6228 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
114 6436-6444 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
115 6501-6509 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
116 6945-6952 Species denotes Marañón Tax:171929
117 7083-7091 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
118 7262-7270 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
119 6450-6458 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
120 6554-6558 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
121 7068-7082 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
133 7571-7588 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
134 7820-7830 Chemical denotes remdesivir MESH:C000606551
135 7832-7841 Chemical denotes lopinavir MESH:D061466
136 7843-7852 Chemical denotes ritonavir MESH:D019438
137 7866-7877 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
138 7879-7897 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
139 7899-7911 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
140 7913-7924 Chemical denotes tocilizumab MESH:C502936
141 7926-7934 Chemical denotes steroids MESH:D013256
142 7939-7951 Chemical denotes cyclosporine MESH:D016572
143 7766-7774 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
148 8287-8297 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
149 9367-9373 Species denotes people Tax:9606
150 8641-8651 Disease denotes dependence MESH:D019966
151 9196-9206 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
156 9623-9631 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
157 9498-9506 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
158 9660-9669 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
159 9675-9679 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
163 9845-9851 Disease denotes trauma MESH:D014947
164 9863-9868 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
165 10062-10068 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
168 10269-10277 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
169 10338-10342 Disease denotes Died MESH:D003643
172 10711-10717 Species denotes people Tax:9606
173 10857-10863 Species denotes people Tax:9606
177 11021-11029 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
178 11001-11009 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
179 11149-11162 Disease denotes heart failure MESH:D006333

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 1299-1304 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498
T2 1596-1601 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088
T3 2225-2230 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498
T4 5039-5044 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088
T5 8731-8737 Body_part denotes mental http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264279
T6 9966-9970 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T7 11149-11154 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 1100-1106 Body_part denotes organs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T2 1299-1304 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T3 1596-1601 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948
T4 2225-2230 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T5 4460-4466 Body_part denotes scales http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T6 5039-5044 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948
T7 11149-11154 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T6 44-68 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 70-78 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 374-421 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 374-407 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 423-431 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 591-599 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 690-698 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T13 914-922 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T14 923-932 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T15 1070-1078 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T16 3311-3319 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 3475-3483 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 3485-3493 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 3528-3536 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 3735-3744 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 3789-3797 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T22 4055-4063 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 5039-5052 Disease denotes heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252
T24 5087-5095 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 5135-5143 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T26 5229-5237 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T27 5240-5249 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T28 6210-6218 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 6219-6228 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T30 6450-6458 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T31 7766-7774 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T32 8287-8295 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T33 9196-9206 Disease denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002050
T34 9498-9506 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T35 9660-9669 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T36 9845-9851 Disease denotes trauma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178
T37 9912-9922 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T38 11001-11009 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T39 11149-11162 Disease denotes heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T2 224-229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes faced
T3 345-346 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 536-543 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focuses
T5 637-640 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 807-808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 871-872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 1100-1106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organs
T9 1224-1225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 1299-1304 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organ
T11 1482-1485 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T12 1594-1595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 1596-1601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T14 1596-1601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T15 1596-1601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T16 1596-1601 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart
T17 1994-2003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objective
T18 2132-2133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 2225-2230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organ
T20 2439-2442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T21 2490-2491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T22 3135-3137 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T23 3223-3225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T24 3879-3882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 denotes aim
T25 4261-4262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T26 4671-4672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 4782-4783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 5039-5044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T29 5039-5044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T30 5039-5044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T31 5039-5044 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart
T32 5220-5221 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 5285-5286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 5453-5454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 5893-5894 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 5991-5992 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T37 6099-6100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 6134-6135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 6302-6304 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T40 6804-6810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005 denotes airway
T41 7404-7405 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T42 7526-7531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T43 7692-7697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T44 7775-7778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T45 8187-8188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 8318-8319 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T47 8460-8463 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T48 8626-8627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 9084-9093 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T50 9178-9179 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 9244-9245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52 9516-9519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T53 9964-9965 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 10104-10105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 10469-10472 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T56 10692-10693 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 10777-10781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009609 denotes wish
T58 10809-10810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T59 11149-11154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T60 11149-11154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T61 11149-11154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T62 11149-11154 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 3129-3131 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T2 3177-3179 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T3 3214-3216 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T4 7526-7531 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T5 7692-7697 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T6 7820-7830 Chemical denotes remdesivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994
T7 7832-7841 Chemical denotes lopinavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781
T8 7843-7852 Chemical denotes ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409
T9 7854-7864 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T10 7866-7877 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T11 7879-7897 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T12 7899-7911 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T13 7913-7924 Chemical denotes tocilizumab http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360
T14 7926-7934 Chemical denotes steroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341
T15 8036-8041 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 861-867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007568 denotes ageing
T2 8821-8831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviours

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T11 0-89 Sentence denotes Nearly every country is now affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
T12 90-208 Sentence denotes The disease is spreading rapidly and is taxing the global healthcare system, particularly intensive care units (ICUs).
T13 209-330 Sentence denotes Physicians are faced with ethical decisions regarding the allocation of these precious resources, especially ventilators.
T14 331-522 Sentence denotes Although only a few of those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) require admission to intensive care, the burden on healthcare systems is unprecedented.
T15 523-629 Sentence denotes This article focuses on ethical issues in decision-making regarding COVID-19, particularly in the elderly.
T16 630-727 Sentence denotes Madrid has been one of the cities with the higher number of COVID-19 cases and casualties so far.
T17 728-821 Sentence denotes We have suffered from limited resources and lived with these ethical issues on a daily basis.
T18 822-976 Sentence denotes Also, Spain is experiencing population ageing at a rate that is unprecedented in Europe and COVID-19 infection is particularly severe in the elderly.[1,2]
T19 978-992 Sentence denotes Prioritisation
T20 993-1088 Sentence denotes Prioritisation for the allocation of scarce resources is not confined to the COVID-19 outbreak.
T21 1089-1305 Sentence denotes Transplant organs are examples of scarce resources where prioritisation criteria for allocation are common and physicians have to make a case-by-case evaluation in order to establish which patient receives the organ.
T22 1306-1440 Sentence denotes Prioritisation reflects established practices that regulate the distribution of finite resources when demand happens to exceed supply.
T23 1441-1618 Sentence denotes Discrimination based on sex, race or age has no role in prioritisation unless clearly justified, for example sex mismatch might influence the outcome of a heart transplant.[3,4]
T24 1619-1727 Sentence denotes Prioritisation does not mean that one life is more valuable than another, as all lives are equally valuable.
T25 1728-1866 Sentence denotes When resources are insufficient to save all those in need, prioritisation means allocating the available assets in the most effective way.
T26 1867-1965 Sentence denotes This method allows priority treatment of patients more likely to benefit from the scarce resource.
T27 1966-2067 Sentence denotes Prioritisation should be as objective as possible but also flexible to changes in clinical situation.
T28 2068-2274 Sentence denotes Transparent mechanisms to determine which patients will receive a specific resource are desirable and should be explained to patients who finally receive an organ, to those who are denied and to the public.
T29 2276-2282 Sentence denotes Ageism
T30 2283-2386 Sentence denotes Ageism encompasses stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of their age.
T31 2387-2489 Sentence denotes Ageism is widespread and an insidious practice that has harmful effects on the health of older adults.
T32 2490-3061 Sentence denotes A recent systematic review showed that the significant adverse relationship between ageism and health is even more consistent than the relationships found in systematic reviews of the effects of racism on health.[5] Moreover, European doctors worry about the care they will receive when they are old, with 80% of healthcare professionals anxious about how they would be treated, suggesting they realise that ageism is very common.[6] Paradoxically, increasing numbers of elderly people are remaining healthy and some of them have important international responsibilities.
T33 3062-3149 Sentence denotes For instance, Pope Francis is now 83 years old and Queen Elizabeth II is 94 (Figure 1).
T34 3150-3159 Sentence denotes Figure 1:
T35 3161-3253 Sentence denotes Queen Elizabeth II and Pope Francis Queen Elizabeth II, aged 94, and Pope Frances, aged 83.
T36 3254-3320 Sentence denotes Would they receive optimal management if they had severe COVID-19?
T37 3321-3329 Sentence denotes Sources:
T38 3330-3384 Sentence denotes Cubankite/Shutterstock.com and AM113/Shutterstock.com.
T39 3385-3393 Sentence denotes Table 1:
T40 3395-3483 Sentence denotes Therapeutic Planning Checklist for Elderly Patients Admitted to Hospital due to COVID-19
T41 3485-3509 Sentence denotes COVID-19 and the Elderly
T42 3510-3745 Sentence denotes The risk posed by COVID-19 is higher for elderly people than for younger people.[2] For this reason, medical and political authorities should offer older adults strict preventive measures to minimise the risk of exposure and infection.
T43 3746-3923 Sentence denotes In the event that an effective vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is developed, priority should be given to vaccination of the elderly, with the aim of maximising the number of lives saved.
T44 3924-4027 Sentence denotes This is also true for other preventive measures, such as possible pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis.[7]
T45 4028-4092 Sentence denotes In the case of people with COVID-19, the situation is different.
T46 4093-4253 Sentence denotes When allocating resources in these scenarios, healthcare professionals might prioritise those most likely to survive over those with remote chances of survival.
T47 4254-4316 Sentence denotes Making a decision based on chronological age is not justified.
T48 4317-4421 Sentence denotes In addition to age, other aspects that determine theoretical life expectancy must be taken into account.
T49 4422-4537 Sentence denotes Biological age and the use of frailty scales and comprehensive geriatric assessment are essential for this purpose.
T50 4538-4913 Sentence denotes The recent statement of the Executive Board of the European Geriatric Medicine Society insists that advanced age alone should not be a criterion for excluding patients from specialised hospital units.[8] If an elderly patient is dismissed from a specialised hospital unit for any reason, access to medical attention, symptomatic treatment and palliative care must be ensured.
T51 4914-5104 Sentence denotes This last point is essential, as palliative care is frequently suboptimal in elderly patients with other conditions, such as heart failure, and this is probably the case in COVID-19.[2,9,10]
T52 5106-5153 Sentence denotes Therapeutic Adaptation after COVID-19 Admission
T53 5154-5342 Sentence denotes In patients with advanced age who are admitted to hospital due to a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is very important to establish a therapeutic adaptation plan from the time of admission.
T54 5343-5605 Sentence denotes This plan should be clearly documented in the clinical history, making it clear whether or not the patient is a candidate for mechanical ventilation and, in case of their condition worsening, when to propose the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (Table 1).
T55 5606-5772 Sentence denotes Decisions that maximise survival to hospital discharge, the number of years of life saved and the possibility of living each of the stages of life can be prioritised.
T56 5773-5952 Sentence denotes In this regard, patients with minimal expected benefit should not be admitted to ICU and the admission of patients with a life expectancy <1–2 years should be carefully evaluated.
T57 5953-5990 Sentence denotes This applies to patients of all ages.
T58 5991-6085 Sentence denotes A utilitarian mentality should be applied, which should prevent prejudice against the elderly.
T59 6086-6305 Sentence denotes For example, a frail elderly patient might have a low chance of surviving the prolonged intubation required to recover from COVID-19 pneumonia, but this is also the case for young patients with severe comorbidities.[11]
T60 6307-6328 Sentence denotes The Madrid Experience
T61 6329-6459 Sentence denotes During the peak of the outbreak, more than two-thirds of beds in most hospitals in Madrid were occupied by patients with COVID-19.
T62 6460-6828 Sentence denotes Figure 2 depicts the official numbers of patients admitted to hospital, admitted to ICUs, who died and who recovered in Spain between mid-March and the middle of April.[12] Non-invasive ventilation was attempted frequently, even using improvised alternative strategies like the modified Easybreath diving mask to administer continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
T63 6829-7108 Sentence denotes Invasive ventilation was often necessary and, in spite of tremendous efforts by the hospitals (for example Gregorio Marañón University Hospital opened ICUs in operating rooms and in the library), there were not enough ICU beds for all the critically ill patients who needed them.
T64 7109-7280 Sentence denotes The limited availability of ventilation support was even more problematic due to the prolonged intubation – often more than 3 weeks – that many of these patients required.
T65 7281-7513 Sentence denotes The news that prioritisation criteria were being applied in Spanish hospitals sparked widespread controversy and triggered a debate about the right of every individual, particularly the elderly, to access specialised healthcare.[13]
T66 7515-7541 Sentence denotes Use of Off-label Therapies
T67 7542-7952 Sentence denotes Effective therapies for this novel coronavirus are needed urgently and several clinical trials are now underway.[14] Meanwhile, the use of use of off-label therapies based on in vitro data and early clinical experience with COVID-19 has increased dramatically; examples include remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, interferon, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, tocilizumab, steroids and cyclosporine.
T68 7953-8131 Sentence denotes To date, no therapies have been shown to be effective.[15] Moreover, some of these drugs have frequent and potentially life-threatening side-effects, particularly in the elderly.
T69 8132-8214 Sentence denotes Most are known to prolong the QT interval and can have a proarrhythmic effect.[16]
T70 8216-8228 Sentence denotes Confinement:
T71 8229-8242 Sentence denotes Pros and Cons
T72 8243-8426 Sentence denotes Confinement is an effective way to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission and is a way to win time until effective therapies are developed and/or an effective and safe vaccine is available.
T73 8427-8519 Sentence denotes However, the stay-at-home policy has negative effects in those with advanced age (Figure 3).
T74 8520-8671 Sentence denotes The psychological risk of confinement is particularly high among vulnerable populations, such as those in a situation of dependence or that live alone.
T75 8672-8757 Sentence denotes The negative consequences are multifaceted, with physical, mental and social aspects.
T76 8758-8890 Sentence denotes Staying at home for long periods of time facilitates sedentary behaviours and might worsen previous frailty or pre-frail conditions.
T77 8891-9008 Sentence denotes At the time of writing this article, our parents/grandparents (aged 82 and 78) have not left their home for 2 months.
T78 9009-9058 Sentence denotes We are certainly concerned about their situation.
T79 9059-9207 Sentence denotes Moreover, confinement is extremely negative for the economy and the elderly might end up suffering the consequences of a severe economic depression.
T80 9208-9274 Sentence denotes Finally, the legal situation varies a lot from country to country.
T81 9275-9387 Sentence denotes New laws have created legal frameworks that frequently restrict or prohibit the movement of people and vehicles.
T82 9388-9472 Sentence denotes Some countries have severe penalties for those who do not comply with the new rules.
T83 9474-9493 Sentence denotes Family and Mourning
T84 9494-9580 Sentence denotes The COVID-19 pandemic has isolated the elderly not only at home but also in hospitals.
T85 9581-9614 Sentence denotes Visits are usually not permitted.
T86 9615-9722 Sentence denotes Several patients of advanced age with severe infection have died alone in the hospital or in nursing homes.
T87 9723-9876 Sentence denotes The suffering of the family does not end there, as containment measures also apply in the context of mourning, which adds trauma to that of death itself.
T88 9877-10003 Sentence denotes Corpses are considered potentially infectious, so are deposited as soon as possible in a body bag that will never be reopened.
T89 10004-10125 Sentence denotes During the peak of the outbreak in Madrid, we had so many deaths that an ice rink had to be used as a provisional morgue.
T90 10126-10215 Sentence denotes It was frequently impossible for families to see their deceased loved ones one last time.
T91 10216-10225 Sentence denotes Figure 2:
T92 10227-10378 Sentence denotes Official Daily Evolution of the Number of Patients Admitted to Hospital, Admitted to Intensive Care Units, who Died and who Recovered in Spain Source:
T93 10379-10407 Sentence denotes Ministerio de Sanidad et al.
T94 10408-10417 Sentence denotes 2020.[12]
T95 10418-10427 Sentence denotes Figure 3:
T96 10429-10631 Sentence denotes Confinement – the Stay-at-home Policy – has Positive and Negative Effects in Individuals of Advanced Age The rules of social distancing put in place by the health authorities applies also at funerals.
T97 10632-10820 Sentence denotes Services must be limited to close family members only (with a maximum of three people), usually with video recording and streaming for those who wish to attend the funeral from a distance.
T98 10821-10886 Sentence denotes Finally, the vast majority of older people in Spain are Catholic.
T99 10887-10988 Sentence denotes The fact that public masses have been cancelled makes the situation even more difficult for families.
T100 10990-11000 Sentence denotes Conclusion
T101 11001-11299 Sentence denotes COVID-19 in elderly patients raises some ethical issues; however, most of these issues are similar to ethical problems in other conditions, such as heart failure.[17–19] The correct prioritisation for the allocation of scarce resources should be based on various factors relating to the individual.
T102 11300-11392 Sentence denotes Chronological age should not be the only factor that influences the decision-making process.
T103 11393-11437 Sentence denotes This is essential to good clinical practice.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 5039-5052 Phenotype denotes heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635
T2 5222-5249 Phenotype denotes severe SARS-CoV-2 infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033141
T3 6219-6228 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T4 8150-8173 Phenotype denotes prolong the QT interval http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001657
T5 9196-9206 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T6 9653-9669 Phenotype denotes severe infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032169
T7 11149-11162 Phenotype denotes heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32514316-31630456-28782515 1614-1615 31630456 denotes 3
32514316-25399778-28782516 1616-1617 25399778 denotes 4
32514316-31940338-28782517 2703-2704 31940338 denotes 5
32514316-22228700-28782518 2921-2922 22228700 denotes 6
32514316-32202722-28782519 4025-4026 32202722 denotes 7
32514316-31761573-28782520 5099-5100 31761573 denotes 9
32514316-31386104-28782521 5101-5103 31386104 denotes 10
32514316-32187459-28782522 6302-6304 32187459 denotes 11
32514316-32311763-28782523 7655-7657 32311763 denotes 14
32514316-32282022-28782524 8008-8010 32282022 denotes 15
32514316-32270559-28782525 8211-8213 32270559 denotes 16
32514316-32277018-28782526 11164-11166 32277018 denotes 17

MyTest

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32514316-31630456-28782515 1614-1615 31630456 denotes 3
32514316-25399778-28782516 1616-1617 25399778 denotes 4
32514316-31940338-28782517 2703-2704 31940338 denotes 5
32514316-22228700-28782518 2921-2922 22228700 denotes 6
32514316-32202722-28782519 4025-4026 32202722 denotes 7
32514316-31761573-28782520 5099-5100 31761573 denotes 9
32514316-31386104-28782521 5101-5103 31386104 denotes 10
32514316-32187459-28782522 6302-6304 32187459 denotes 11
32514316-32311763-28782523 7655-7657 32311763 denotes 14
32514316-32282022-28782524 8008-8010 32282022 denotes 15
32514316-32270559-28782525 8211-8213 32270559 denotes 16
32514316-32277018-28782526 11164-11166 32277018 denotes 17