PMC:7264098 / 10406-12095
Annnotations
LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB
{"project":"LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB","denotations":[{"id":"T209","span":{"begin":205,"end":213},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T210","span":{"begin":385,"end":390},"obj":"UBERON:0007023"},{"id":"T211","span":{"begin":476,"end":491},"obj":"CHEBI:52217;CHEBI:52217"},{"id":"T212","span":{"begin":552,"end":557},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T213","span":{"begin":577,"end":601},"obj":"CHEBI:67079;CHEBI:67079"},{"id":"T214","span":{"begin":669,"end":677},"obj":"GO:0035376"},{"id":"T215","span":{"begin":682,"end":687},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T216","span":{"begin":731,"end":736},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T217","span":{"begin":737,"end":744},"obj":"SO:0000704"},{"id":"T218","span":{"begin":763,"end":769},"obj":"UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955"},{"id":"T219","span":{"begin":770,"end":778},"obj":"GO:0006955"},{"id":"T220","span":{"begin":858,"end":866},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T221","span":{"begin":871,"end":879},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T222","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1071},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T223","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1247},"obj":"DG_29"},{"id":"T224","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1321},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T225","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1548},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T226","span":{"begin":1603,"end":1609},"obj":"NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T19107","span":{"begin":205,"end":213},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T18999","span":{"begin":385,"end":390},"obj":"UBERON:0007023"},{"id":"T82295","span":{"begin":476,"end":491},"obj":"CHEBI:52217;CHEBI:52217"},{"id":"T38095","span":{"begin":552,"end":557},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T83805","span":{"begin":577,"end":601},"obj":"CHEBI:67079;CHEBI:67079"},{"id":"T45166","span":{"begin":669,"end":677},"obj":"GO:0035376"},{"id":"T6847","span":{"begin":682,"end":687},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T60882","span":{"begin":731,"end":736},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T38954","span":{"begin":737,"end":744},"obj":"SO:0000704"},{"id":"T73828","span":{"begin":763,"end":769},"obj":"UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955"},{"id":"T2948","span":{"begin":770,"end":778},"obj":"GO:0006955"},{"id":"T72804","span":{"begin":858,"end":866},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T63585","span":{"begin":871,"end":879},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T57772","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1071},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T4874","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1247},"obj":"DG_29"},{"id":"T72833","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1321},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T51389","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1548},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T46048","span":{"begin":1603,"end":1609},"obj":"NCBITaxon:9606"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"266","span":{"begin":391,"end":399},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"267","span":{"begin":858,"end":866},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"268","span":{"begin":871,"end":879},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"269","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1071},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"270","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1548},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"271","span":{"begin":1603,"end":1609},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"272","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1247},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"273","span":{"begin":205,"end":213},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"274","span":{"begin":779,"end":791},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"275","span":{"begin":1172,"end":1176},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A266","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"266","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A267","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"267","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A268","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"268","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A269","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"269","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A270","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"270","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A271","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"271","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A272","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"272","obj":"MESH:D012254"},{"id":"A273","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"273","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A274","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"274","obj":"MESH:D007249"},{"id":"A275","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"275","obj":"MESH:D012128"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":424,"end":427},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":698,"end":703},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A73","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24890"},{"id":"A74","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":424,"end":427},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A19","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001460"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":205,"end":213},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":779,"end":791},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":858,"end":866},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":858,"end":862},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1071},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1067},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":1172,"end":1176},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A80","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T80","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A81","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T81","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"},{"id":"A82","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T82","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A83","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T83","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A84","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T84","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A85","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T85","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A86","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T86","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":17,"end":23},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T114","span":{"begin":59,"end":60},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T115","span":{"begin":424,"end":427},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001410"},{"id":"T116","span":{"begin":682,"end":687},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":698,"end":703},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T118","span":{"begin":956,"end":960},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185"},{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":1337,"end":1341},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":1504,"end":1505},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1548},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":577,"end":601},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1247},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1252,"end":1262},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A36","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T36","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_67079"},{"id":"A37","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T37","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580"},{"id":"A38","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T38","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":763,"end":778},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":779,"end":791},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":0,"end":252},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":253,"end":347},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":348,"end":458},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":459,"end":602},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":603,"end":792},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":793,"end":1026},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1209},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":1210,"end":1419},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":1420,"end":1689},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32574317-28373583-31466304","span":{"begin":246,"end":250},"obj":"28373583"},{"id":"32574317-32282022-31466305","span":{"begin":341,"end":345},"obj":"32282022"},{"id":"32574317-28373583-31466306","span":{"begin":452,"end":456},"obj":"28373583"},{"id":"32574317-16968120-31466307","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1207},"obj":"16968120"},{"id":"32574317-29664167-31466308","span":{"begin":1337,"end":1341},"obj":"29664167"},{"id":"32574317-32346146-31466309","span":{"begin":1660,"end":1664},"obj":"32346146"},{"id":"32574317-32273591-31466310","span":{"begin":1683,"end":1687},"obj":"32273591"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}
MyTest
{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"32574317-28373583-31466304","span":{"begin":246,"end":250},"obj":"28373583"},{"id":"32574317-32282022-31466305","span":{"begin":341,"end":345},"obj":"32282022"},{"id":"32574317-28373583-31466306","span":{"begin":452,"end":456},"obj":"28373583"},{"id":"32574317-16968120-31466307","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1207},"obj":"16968120"},{"id":"32574317-29664167-31466308","span":{"begin":1337,"end":1341},"obj":"29664167"},{"id":"32574317-32346146-31466309","span":{"begin":1660,"end":1664},"obj":"32346146"},{"id":"32574317-32273591-31466310","span":{"begin":1683,"end":1687},"obj":"32273591"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"text":"Despite over 300 active and recruiting clinical trials and a number of trials already completed, there is still no robust evidence that any of the investigated therapeutics are effective as treatments for COVID-19 disease (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Equally, there is no evidence to support prophylactic treatment either (Sanders et al., 2020). However, there are only 29 trials in adult patients with placebo-controlled arm (Channappanavar et al., 2017). Various types of pharmacological treatments are currently under investigation including anti-viral, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agents. These therapies generally target the following processes: (1) the entry of the virus into host cells, (2) multiplication of the viral genetic material, and (3) immune response/inflammation. Most of these agents have been previously used as treatments for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, however the overall conclusions of the meta-analyses published in 2006 and 2018, respectively, did not support the use of any particular regimen. In relation to the meta-analysis of SARS-CoV treatments, the authors systematically reviewed 54 treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies and three ARDS studies (Stockman et al., 2006). Although the combination of ribavirin and interferon-based (IFN) treatments appears the most effective for MERS (Morra et al., 2018), this needs to be confirmed in randomized placebo-controlled trial settings. In terms of vaccines, there are at least 115 vaccine candidates in development with a number of these already initiated in human trials, however we expect vaccines to be available to people under emergency use only in early 2021 (Callaway, 2020; Thanh Le et al., 2020)."}