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    LitCovid-PubTator

    {"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"401","span":{"begin":0,"end":5},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"402","span":{"begin":6,"end":19},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"403","span":{"begin":59,"end":64},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"404","span":{"begin":162,"end":167},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"405","span":{"begin":446,"end":456},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"406","span":{"begin":588,"end":596},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"407","span":{"begin":695,"end":700},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"408","span":{"begin":701,"end":714},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"409","span":{"begin":716,"end":719},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"410","span":{"begin":726,"end":731},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"411","span":{"begin":963,"end":971},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"412","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1203},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"413","span":{"begin":1313,"end":1321},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"414","span":{"begin":270,"end":290},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"415","span":{"begin":563,"end":584},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"416","span":{"begin":602,"end":610},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"417","span":{"begin":792,"end":800},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"418","span":{"begin":899,"end":915},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"419","span":{"begin":984,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"420","span":{"begin":1325,"end":1333},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"421","span":{"begin":1351,"end":1372},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A401","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"401","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A402","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"402","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A403","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"403","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A404","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"404","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A405","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"405","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A406","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"406","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A407","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"407","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A408","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"408","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A409","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"409","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A410","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"410","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A411","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"411","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A412","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"412","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A413","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"413","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A414","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"414","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A415","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"415","obj":"MESH:D009422"},{"id":"A416","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"416","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A417","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"417","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A418","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"418","obj":"MESH:D034721"},{"id":"A419","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"419","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A420","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"420","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A421","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"421","obj":"MESH:D020271"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been established to infect human astrocytes and microglia in neural cell cultures as well as detection of viral RNA in a study of human brain autopsy samples supporting their neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties [5]. A case report of SARS-CoV-1 infection with CNS symptoms during the SARS epidemic also isolated the virus within a brain tissue specimen [6]. Although direct evidence of a neurotropic effect of SARS-Cov-2 has not been reported as yet through either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or autopsy studies, the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 disease during this current pandemic, and the similarity between the two strains of human coronaviruses (CoV-1 and CoV-2), makes this mechanism highly suggestive. Acute symptomatic seizures may be the result of a possible neurotropic effect of the virus or can be a marker of severity of systemic disease itself since CNS symptoms were found mainly in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. After penetration of the blood–brain barrier, the virus can slow the cerebral microcirculation, possibly through the creation of a hypercoagulable state. This allows increased interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the endothelial receptors and receptors on glial tissue [7]. The interaction at the glia may predispose patients to seizures as seen in other neurological diseases [8, 9]."}

    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":65,"end":75},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":80,"end":89},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":93,"end":104},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":100,"end":104},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":144,"end":147},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":168,"end":173},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":296,"end":299},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":367,"end":372},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":373,"end":379},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":501,"end":520},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":522,"end":525},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":929,"end":932},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1032},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1038},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":1258,"end":1264},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":1293,"end":1297},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A58","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54537"},{"id":"A59","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68923"},{"id":"A60","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma70333"},{"id":"A61","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A62","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"id":"A63","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801"},{"id":"A64","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675"},{"id":"A65","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T65","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801"},{"id":"A66","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T66","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637"},{"id":"A67","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935"},{"id":"A68","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935"},{"id":"A69","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T69","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675"},{"id":"A70","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A71","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T71","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801"},{"id":"A72","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637"},{"id":"A73","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54541"}],"text":"Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been established to infect human astrocytes and microglia in neural cell cultures as well as detection of viral RNA in a study of human brain autopsy samples supporting their neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties [5]. A case report of SARS-CoV-1 infection with CNS symptoms during the SARS epidemic also isolated the virus within a brain tissue specimen [6]. Although direct evidence of a neurotropic effect of SARS-Cov-2 has not been reported as yet through either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or autopsy studies, the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 disease during this current pandemic, and the similarity between the two strains of human coronaviruses (CoV-1 and CoV-2), makes this mechanism highly suggestive. Acute symptomatic seizures may be the result of a possible neurotropic effect of the virus or can be a marker of severity of systemic disease itself since CNS symptoms were found mainly in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. After penetration of the blood–brain barrier, the virus can slow the cerebral microcirculation, possibly through the creation of a hypercoagulable state. This allows increased interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the endothelial receptors and receptors on glial tissue [7]. The interaction at the glia may predispose patients to seizures as seen in other neurological diseases [8, 9]."}

    LitCovid-PD-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":168,"end":173},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":296,"end":299},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":367,"end":372},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":373,"end":379},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":501,"end":520},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":929,"end":932},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1046},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1032},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1038},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1258,"end":1264},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A45","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"A46","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"A47","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"A48","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"A49","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001359"},{"id":"A50","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"A51","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000120"},{"id":"A52","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A53","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"A54","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"}],"text":"Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been established to infect human astrocytes and microglia in neural cell cultures as well as detection of viral RNA in a study of human brain autopsy samples supporting their neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties [5]. A case report of SARS-CoV-1 infection with CNS symptoms during the SARS epidemic also isolated the virus within a brain tissue specimen [6]. Although direct evidence of a neurotropic effect of SARS-Cov-2 has not been reported as yet through either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or autopsy studies, the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 disease during this current pandemic, and the similarity between the two strains of human coronaviruses (CoV-1 and CoV-2), makes this mechanism highly suggestive. Acute symptomatic seizures may be the result of a possible neurotropic effect of the virus or can be a marker of severity of systemic disease itself since CNS symptoms were found mainly in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. After penetration of the blood–brain barrier, the virus can slow the cerebral microcirculation, possibly through the creation of a hypercoagulable state. This allows increased interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the endothelial receptors and receptors on glial tissue [7]. The interaction at the glia may predispose patients to seizures as seen in other neurological diseases [8, 9]."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":270,"end":278},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":281,"end":290},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":320,"end":324},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":446,"end":450},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":602,"end":610},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":899,"end":915},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":984,"end":992},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":1133,"end":1148},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1201},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":1351,"end":1372},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A101","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T101","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A102","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T102","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A103","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T103","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A104","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T104","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A105","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A106","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015938"},{"id":"A107","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A108","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T108","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002305"},{"id":"A109","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T109","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A110","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T110","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005071"}],"text":"Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been established to infect human astrocytes and microglia in neural cell cultures as well as detection of viral RNA in a study of human brain autopsy samples supporting their neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties [5]. A case report of SARS-CoV-1 infection with CNS symptoms during the SARS epidemic also isolated the virus within a brain tissue specimen [6]. Although direct evidence of a neurotropic effect of SARS-Cov-2 has not been reported as yet through either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or autopsy studies, the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 disease during this current pandemic, and the similarity between the two strains of human coronaviruses (CoV-1 and CoV-2), makes this mechanism highly suggestive. Acute symptomatic seizures may be the result of a possible neurotropic effect of the virus or can be a marker of severity of systemic disease itself since CNS symptoms were found mainly in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. After penetration of the blood–brain barrier, the virus can slow the cerebral microcirculation, possibly through the creation of a hypercoagulable state. This allows increased interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the endothelial receptors and receptors on glial tissue [7]. The interaction at the glia may predispose patients to seizures as seen in other neurological diseases [8, 9]."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":0,"end":5},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":59,"end":64},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":65,"end":75},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000127"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":80,"end":89},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000129"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":100,"end":104},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":151,"end":152},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":162,"end":167},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":168,"end":173},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":168,"end":173},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":253,"end":254},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":296,"end":299},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":296,"end":299},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":296,"end":299},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":352,"end":357},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":365,"end":366},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":367,"end":372},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":367,"end":372},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":422,"end":423},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":457,"end":460},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":695,"end":700},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":822,"end":823},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":859,"end":864},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":875,"end":876},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":929,"end":932},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":929,"end":932},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":929,"end":932},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1032},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1032},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1038},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1038},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":1052,"end":1057},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":1131,"end":1132},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been established to infect human astrocytes and microglia in neural cell cultures as well as detection of viral RNA in a study of human brain autopsy samples supporting their neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties [5]. A case report of SARS-CoV-1 infection with CNS symptoms during the SARS epidemic also isolated the virus within a brain tissue specimen [6]. Although direct evidence of a neurotropic effect of SARS-Cov-2 has not been reported as yet through either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or autopsy studies, the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 disease during this current pandemic, and the similarity between the two strains of human coronaviruses (CoV-1 and CoV-2), makes this mechanism highly suggestive. Acute symptomatic seizures may be the result of a possible neurotropic effect of the virus or can be a marker of severity of systemic disease itself since CNS symptoms were found mainly in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. After penetration of the blood–brain barrier, the virus can slow the cerebral microcirculation, possibly through the creation of a hypercoagulable state. This allows increased interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the endothelial receptors and receptors on glial tissue [7]. The interaction at the glia may predispose patients to seizures as seen in other neurological diseases [8, 9]."}

    LitCovid-PD-HP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":780,"end":800},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":1325,"end":1333},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A78","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011145"},{"id":"A79","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T79","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"}],"text":"Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been established to infect human astrocytes and microglia in neural cell cultures as well as detection of viral RNA in a study of human brain autopsy samples supporting their neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties [5]. A case report of SARS-CoV-1 infection with CNS symptoms during the SARS epidemic also isolated the virus within a brain tissue specimen [6]. Although direct evidence of a neurotropic effect of SARS-Cov-2 has not been reported as yet through either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or autopsy studies, the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 disease during this current pandemic, and the similarity between the two strains of human coronaviruses (CoV-1 and CoV-2), makes this mechanism highly suggestive. Acute symptomatic seizures may be the result of a possible neurotropic effect of the virus or can be a marker of severity of systemic disease itself since CNS symptoms were found mainly in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. After penetration of the blood–brain barrier, the virus can slow the cerebral microcirculation, possibly through the creation of a hypercoagulable state. This allows increased interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the endothelial receptors and receptors on glial tissue [7]. The interaction at the glia may predispose patients to seizures as seen in other neurological diseases [8, 9]."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":0,"end":252},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":253,"end":393},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":394,"end":773},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":774,"end":1001},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":1002,"end":1155},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":1156,"end":1269},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1380},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been established to infect human astrocytes and microglia in neural cell cultures as well as detection of viral RNA in a study of human brain autopsy samples supporting their neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties [5]. A case report of SARS-CoV-1 infection with CNS symptoms during the SARS epidemic also isolated the virus within a brain tissue specimen [6]. Although direct evidence of a neurotropic effect of SARS-Cov-2 has not been reported as yet through either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or autopsy studies, the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 disease during this current pandemic, and the similarity between the two strains of human coronaviruses (CoV-1 and CoV-2), makes this mechanism highly suggestive. Acute symptomatic seizures may be the result of a possible neurotropic effect of the virus or can be a marker of severity of systemic disease itself since CNS symptoms were found mainly in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. After penetration of the blood–brain barrier, the virus can slow the cerebral microcirculation, possibly through the creation of a hypercoagulable state. This allows increased interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the endothelial receptors and receptors on glial tissue [7]. The interaction at the glia may predispose patients to seizures as seen in other neurological diseases [8, 9]."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32462412-10982334-75539779","span":{"begin":249,"end":250},"obj":"10982334"},{"id":"32462412-16163626-75539780","span":{"begin":390,"end":391},"obj":"16163626"},{"id":"32462412-32167747-75539781","span":{"begin":1266,"end":1267},"obj":"32167747"},{"id":"32462412-18336559-75539782","span":{"begin":1377,"end":1378},"obj":"18336559"}],"text":"Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been established to infect human astrocytes and microglia in neural cell cultures as well as detection of viral RNA in a study of human brain autopsy samples supporting their neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties [5]. A case report of SARS-CoV-1 infection with CNS symptoms during the SARS epidemic also isolated the virus within a brain tissue specimen [6]. Although direct evidence of a neurotropic effect of SARS-Cov-2 has not been reported as yet through either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or autopsy studies, the presence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 disease during this current pandemic, and the similarity between the two strains of human coronaviruses (CoV-1 and CoV-2), makes this mechanism highly suggestive. Acute symptomatic seizures may be the result of a possible neurotropic effect of the virus or can be a marker of severity of systemic disease itself since CNS symptoms were found mainly in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. After penetration of the blood–brain barrier, the virus can slow the cerebral microcirculation, possibly through the creation of a hypercoagulable state. This allows increased interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the endothelial receptors and receptors on glial tissue [7]. The interaction at the glia may predispose patients to seizures as seen in other neurological diseases [8, 9]."}