PMC:7252096 / 2225-3592 JSONTXT

{"target":"http://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7252096","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7252096","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7252096","text":"Human coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that can cause mild to severe respiratory disease (Fung and Liu, 2019). Over the past two decades, zoonotic transmission events have led to the emergence of two highly pathogenic CoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease known as COVID-19, was first reported in late 2019 (Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V., 2020, Lu et al., 2020, Paules et al., 2020). COVID-19 is characterized by pneumonia, fever, cough, and occasional diarrhea (Guan et al., 2020, Holshue et al., 2020, Huang et al., 2020), and SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been reliably detected in nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, and stool samples (Wang et al., 2020, Wölfel et al., 2020, Zou et al., 2020). As of April 19, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide, and there are over 2,401,379 confirmed cases, 165,044 deaths, and 623,903 recovered individuals in 185 countries and regions (Dong et al., 2020a). Early models of COVID-19 transmission dynamics estimate one infectious individual infects slightly over two individuals; travel restrictions reduce that spread to one individual, although these figures might evolve as more accurate epidemiological data become available (Kucharski et al., 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