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LitCovid-PubTator

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T518","span":{"begin":986,"end":991},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T519","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1951},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T520","span":{"begin":1987,"end":1993},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T521","span":{"begin":2299,"end":2302},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T522","span":{"begin":2454,"end":2459},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T523","span":{"begin":2479,"end":2486},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T524","span":{"begin":2598,"end":2606},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T525","span":{"begin":2689,"end":2693},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A518","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T518","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A519","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T519","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A520","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T520","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970"},{"id":"A521","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T521","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412"},{"id":"A522","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T522","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68877"},{"id":"A523","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T523","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637"},{"id":"A524","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T524","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180"},{"id":"A525","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T525","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"}],"text":"According to the Chinese report, in-vitro treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with hydroxychloroquine had resulted in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 growth. Along with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin was also administered at a dosage of 500 mg, the patients treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin exhibited 100% cure and tested negative for PCR results; whereas, the patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone exhibited only 57.1% success rate. This combinational therapy might be an approachable way to cure COVID-19 and needs to be tested over a large sample size [147]. Another drug combination, which includes lopinavir and ritonavir, had no in-vitro evidence for COVID-19. Also, the clinical trials are being carried out on malarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (represented in Table 2 ). Some scientists say that these drugs are not recommendable against SARS-CoV-2. Since there are no scientific proofs available and it might be harmful, leading to heart arrhythmia.\nTable 2 Elucidating various drugs used to treat SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, along with their mechanism of action and adverse effects.\nS. no. Drug Effective against Mechanism of action Adverse effects References\n1. Ribavirin SARS-CoV Anti-viral nucleoside analog – inhibits the viral genomic replication Anemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, developed the risk of teratogenicity and bradycardia [118].\n2. Lopinavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n3. Ritonavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n4. Methylprednisolone SARS-CoV Anti-inflammatory effect The onset of diabetes, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis. [132,133]\n5. Corticosteroids SARS-CoV Inhibits pro-inflammatory effects Aspergillosis and fungal superinfection [49,134]\n6. Methylprednisolone (0.5–1 mg/kg) followed by hydrocortisone (100 mg/8 h) and pulse doses of methylprednisolone (0.5 g for 3 d) Lung diseases – – [124]\n7. Convalescent plasma SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Adaptive or passive immune response – [135,139]\n8. Lopinavir/ritonavir MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Not effective against MERS, anti-viral therapy for pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n9. Pegylated interferon-α Hepatitis-C, MERS-CoV Inhibits DNA synthesis Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n10. Lopinavir/ritonavir and IFN-β MERS-CoV Improves pulmonary, reduce viral load, and necrosis in lungs and extrapulmonary tissues Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [143,144]\n11. Hydroxychloroquine SARS-CoV-2, Malaria Blocks maturation of endosome, maturation and its function by inhibiting the release of virions in the infected cell Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness [112]"}

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T259","span":{"begin":986,"end":991},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1951},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A259","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T259","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A260","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T260","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"According to the Chinese report, in-vitro treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with hydroxychloroquine had resulted in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 growth. Along with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin was also administered at a dosage of 500 mg, the patients treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin exhibited 100% cure and tested negative for PCR results; whereas, the patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone exhibited only 57.1% success rate. This combinational therapy might be an approachable way to cure COVID-19 and needs to be tested over a large sample size [147]. Another drug combination, which includes lopinavir and ritonavir, had no in-vitro evidence for COVID-19. Also, the clinical trials are being carried out on malarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (represented in Table 2 ). Some scientists say that these drugs are not recommendable against SARS-CoV-2. Since there are no scientific proofs available and it might be harmful, leading to heart arrhythmia.\nTable 2 Elucidating various drugs used to treat SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, along with their mechanism of action and adverse effects.\nS. no. Drug Effective against Mechanism of action Adverse effects References\n1. Ribavirin SARS-CoV Anti-viral nucleoside analog – inhibits the viral genomic replication Anemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, developed the risk of teratogenicity and bradycardia [118].\n2. Lopinavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n3. Ritonavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n4. Methylprednisolone SARS-CoV Anti-inflammatory effect The onset of diabetes, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis. [132,133]\n5. Corticosteroids SARS-CoV Inhibits pro-inflammatory effects Aspergillosis and fungal superinfection [49,134]\n6. Methylprednisolone (0.5–1 mg/kg) followed by hydrocortisone (100 mg/8 h) and pulse doses of methylprednisolone (0.5 g for 3 d) Lung diseases – – [124]\n7. Convalescent plasma SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Adaptive or passive immune response – [135,139]\n8. Lopinavir/ritonavir MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Not effective against MERS, anti-viral therapy for pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n9. Pegylated interferon-α Hepatitis-C, MERS-CoV Inhibits DNA synthesis Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n10. Lopinavir/ritonavir and IFN-β MERS-CoV Improves pulmonary, reduce viral load, and necrosis in lungs and extrapulmonary tissues Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [143,144]\n11. Hydroxychloroquine SARS-CoV-2, Malaria Blocks maturation of endosome, maturation and its function by inhibiting the release of virions in the infected cell Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness [112]"}

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

LitCovid-PD-CLO

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T782","span":{"begin":212,"end":213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T783","span":{"begin":258,"end":259},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T784","span":{"begin":335,"end":341},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T785","span":{"begin":552,"end":558},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T786","span":{"begin":564,"end":565},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T787","span":{"begin":986,"end":991},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T788","span":{"begin":986,"end":991},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T789","span":{"begin":986,"end":991},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T790","span":{"begin":986,"end":991},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T791","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1951},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T792","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1951},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T793","span":{"begin":1987,"end":1993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969"},{"id":"T794","span":{"begin":2454,"end":2459},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T795","span":{"begin":2534,"end":2536},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T796","span":{"begin":2689,"end":2693},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"}],"text":"According to the Chinese report, in-vitro treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with hydroxychloroquine had resulted in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 growth. Along with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin was also administered at a dosage of 500 mg, the patients treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin exhibited 100% cure and tested negative for PCR results; whereas, the patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone exhibited only 57.1% success rate. This combinational therapy might be an approachable way to cure COVID-19 and needs to be tested over a large sample size [147]. Another drug combination, which includes lopinavir and ritonavir, had no in-vitro evidence for COVID-19. Also, the clinical trials are being carried out on malarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (represented in Table 2 ). Some scientists say that these drugs are not recommendable against SARS-CoV-2. Since there are no scientific proofs available and it might be harmful, leading to heart arrhythmia.\nTable 2 Elucidating various drugs used to treat SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, along with their mechanism of action and adverse effects.\nS. no. Drug Effective against Mechanism of action Adverse effects References\n1. Ribavirin SARS-CoV Anti-viral nucleoside analog – inhibits the viral genomic replication Anemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, developed the risk of teratogenicity and bradycardia [118].\n2. Lopinavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n3. Ritonavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n4. Methylprednisolone SARS-CoV Anti-inflammatory effect The onset of diabetes, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis. [132,133]\n5. Corticosteroids SARS-CoV Inhibits pro-inflammatory effects Aspergillosis and fungal superinfection [49,134]\n6. Methylprednisolone (0.5–1 mg/kg) followed by hydrocortisone (100 mg/8 h) and pulse doses of methylprednisolone (0.5 g for 3 d) Lung diseases – – [124]\n7. Convalescent plasma SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Adaptive or passive immune response – [135,139]\n8. Lopinavir/ritonavir MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Not effective against MERS, anti-viral therapy for pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n9. Pegylated interferon-α Hepatitis-C, MERS-CoV Inhibits DNA synthesis Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n10. Lopinavir/ritonavir and IFN-β MERS-CoV Improves pulmonary, reduce viral load, and necrosis in lungs and extrapulmonary tissues Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [143,144]\n11. Hydroxychloroquine SARS-CoV-2, Malaria Blocks maturation of endosome, maturation and its function by inhibiting the release of virions in the infected cell Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness [112]"}

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":135,"end":141},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":1276,"end":1314},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045071"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":1289,"end":1314},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":1672,"end":1680},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":1672,"end":1680},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":1672,"end":1680},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":1672,"end":1680},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":2045,"end":2060},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":2299,"end":2312},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071897"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":2303,"end":2312},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":2442,"end":2450},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":2442,"end":2450},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":2442,"end":2450},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":2442,"end":2450},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906"}],"text":"According to the Chinese report, in-vitro treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with hydroxychloroquine had resulted in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 growth. Along with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin was also administered at a dosage of 500 mg, the patients treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin exhibited 100% cure and tested negative for PCR results; whereas, the patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone exhibited only 57.1% success rate. This combinational therapy might be an approachable way to cure COVID-19 and needs to be tested over a large sample size [147]. Another drug combination, which includes lopinavir and ritonavir, had no in-vitro evidence for COVID-19. Also, the clinical trials are being carried out on malarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (represented in Table 2 ). Some scientists say that these drugs are not recommendable against SARS-CoV-2. Since there are no scientific proofs available and it might be harmful, leading to heart arrhythmia.\nTable 2 Elucidating various drugs used to treat SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, along with their mechanism of action and adverse effects.\nS. no. Drug Effective against Mechanism of action Adverse effects References\n1. Ribavirin SARS-CoV Anti-viral nucleoside analog – inhibits the viral genomic replication Anemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, developed the risk of teratogenicity and bradycardia [118].\n2. Lopinavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n3. Ritonavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n4. Methylprednisolone SARS-CoV Anti-inflammatory effect The onset of diabetes, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis. [132,133]\n5. Corticosteroids SARS-CoV Inhibits pro-inflammatory effects Aspergillosis and fungal superinfection [49,134]\n6. Methylprednisolone (0.5–1 mg/kg) followed by hydrocortisone (100 mg/8 h) and pulse doses of methylprednisolone (0.5 g for 3 d) Lung diseases – – [124]\n7. Convalescent plasma SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Adaptive or passive immune response – [135,139]\n8. Lopinavir/ritonavir MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Not effective against MERS, anti-viral therapy for pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n9. Pegylated interferon-α Hepatitis-C, MERS-CoV Inhibits DNA synthesis Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n10. Lopinavir/ritonavir and IFN-β MERS-CoV Improves pulmonary, reduce viral load, and necrosis in lungs and extrapulmonary tissues Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [143,144]\n11. Hydroxychloroquine SARS-CoV-2, Malaria Blocks maturation of endosome, maturation and its function by inhibiting the release of virions in the infected cell Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness [112]"}

LitCovid-sentences

LitCovid-PD-HP

2_test

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32450165-32205204-66451114","span":{"begin":585,"end":588},"obj":"32205204"},{"id":"32450165-32066541-66451116","span":{"begin":1578,"end":1581},"obj":"32066541"},{"id":"32450165-15650220-66451117","span":{"begin":1697,"end":1700},"obj":"15650220"},{"id":"32450165-15272286-66451118","span":{"begin":1809,"end":1811},"obj":"15272286"},{"id":"32450165-14985565-66451119","span":{"begin":2064,"end":2067},"obj":"14985565"},{"id":"32450165-14523782-66451120","span":{"begin":2068,"end":2071},"obj":"14523782"},{"id":"32450165-16183666-66451121","span":{"begin":2525,"end":2528},"obj":"16183666"},{"id":"32450165-15214887-66451122","span":{"begin":2529,"end":2532},"obj":"15214887"}],"text":"According to the Chinese report, in-vitro treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with hydroxychloroquine had resulted in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 growth. Along with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin was also administered at a dosage of 500 mg, the patients treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin exhibited 100% cure and tested negative for PCR results; whereas, the patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone exhibited only 57.1% success rate. This combinational therapy might be an approachable way to cure COVID-19 and needs to be tested over a large sample size [147]. Another drug combination, which includes lopinavir and ritonavir, had no in-vitro evidence for COVID-19. Also, the clinical trials are being carried out on malarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (represented in Table 2 ). Some scientists say that these drugs are not recommendable against SARS-CoV-2. Since there are no scientific proofs available and it might be harmful, leading to heart arrhythmia.\nTable 2 Elucidating various drugs used to treat SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, along with their mechanism of action and adverse effects.\nS. no. Drug Effective against Mechanism of action Adverse effects References\n1. Ribavirin SARS-CoV Anti-viral nucleoside analog – inhibits the viral genomic replication Anemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, developed the risk of teratogenicity and bradycardia [118].\n2. Lopinavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n3. Ritonavir SARS-CoV Protease inhibitors Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [122]\n4. Methylprednisolone SARS-CoV Anti-inflammatory effect The onset of diabetes, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis. [132,133]\n5. Corticosteroids SARS-CoV Inhibits pro-inflammatory effects Aspergillosis and fungal superinfection [49,134]\n6. Methylprednisolone (0.5–1 mg/kg) followed by hydrocortisone (100 mg/8 h) and pulse doses of methylprednisolone (0.5 g for 3 d) Lung diseases – – [124]\n7. Convalescent plasma SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Adaptive or passive immune response – [135,139]\n8. Lopinavir/ritonavir MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Not effective against MERS, anti-viral therapy for pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n9. Pegylated interferon-α Hepatitis-C, MERS-CoV Inhibits DNA synthesis Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [140]\n10. Lopinavir/ritonavir and IFN-β MERS-CoV Improves pulmonary, reduce viral load, and necrosis in lungs and extrapulmonary tissues Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache [143,144]\n11. Hydroxychloroquine SARS-CoV-2, Malaria Blocks maturation of endosome, maturation and its function by inhibiting the release of virions in the infected cell Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness [112]"}

PMC:7243768 / 61150-63897 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

PMC:7243768 / 61150-63897 JSON TXT