PMC:7219429 / 2411-5577
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T18 | 1672-1681 | Body_part | denotes | endosomal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180 |
T19 | 1801-1813 | Body_part | denotes | cell surface | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653 |
T20 | 1801-1805 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T21 | 1938-1953 | Body_part | denotes | plasma membrane | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841 |
T22 | 1987-1994 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T23 | 2171-2183 | Body_part | denotes | gangliosides | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816 |
T24 | 2226-2231 | Body_part | denotes | lipid | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264 |
T25 | 2299-2304 | Body_part | denotes | lipid | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264 |
T26 | 2375-2390 | Body_part | denotes | plasma membrane | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841 |
T27 | 2454-2461 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T28 | 2524-2529 | Body_part | denotes | lipid | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264 |
T29 | 2699-2710 | Body_part | denotes | ganglioside | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816 |
T30 | 2781-2788 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T31 | 2914-2926 | Body_part | denotes | gangliosides | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816 |
T32 | 3069-3076 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T33 | 3093-3098 | Body_part | denotes | lipid | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264 |
T34 | 3121-3133 | Body_part | denotes | gangliosides | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T13 | 54-70 | Disease | denotes | SARS-coronavirus | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T14 | 74-82 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T15 | 162-170 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T16 | 652-660 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T17 | 890-899 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T18 | 1216-1224 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T19 | 1412-1420 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T20 | 1535-1544 | Disease | denotes | influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
T21 | 2066-2074 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T22 | 2317-2325 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T23 | 2328-2337 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T24 | 2633-2651 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T25 | 2642-2651 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T26 | 2752-2755 | Disease | denotes | NTD | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008449|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018075 |
T28 | 2764-2772 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T26 | 86-89 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T27 | 97-98 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T28 | 185-186 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T29 | 228-229 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T30 | 319-320 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T31 | 448-451 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T32 | 531-532 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T33 | 572-577 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 | denotes | 2], a |
T34 | 634-635 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T35 | 675-676 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T36 | 767-768 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T37 | 856-859 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 | denotes | aim |
T38 | 1189-1190 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T39 | 1424-1430 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 | denotes | 4], [5 |
T40 | 1498-1501 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T41 | 1545-1550 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T42 | 1752-1757 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T43 | 1777-1778 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T44 | 1801-1805 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T45 | 1875-1880 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T46 | 1920-1925 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T47 | 1938-1944 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 | denotes | plasma |
T48 | 1945-1953 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
T49 | 1976-1977 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T50 | 1978-1986 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
T51 | 2078-2080 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
T52 | 2142-2150 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
T53 | 2237-2245 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
T54 | 2375-2381 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 | denotes | plasma |
T55 | 2382-2390 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
T56 | 2588-2589 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T57 | 2615-2620 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T58 | 2687-2688 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T59 | 2816-2824 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
T60 | 2964-2965 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T61 | 3000-3003 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T42 | 361-373 | Chemical | denotes | antimalarial | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38068 |
T43 | 374-378 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
T44 | 380-398 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801 |
T45 | 417-427 | Chemical | denotes | antibiotic | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
T46 | 429-441 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
T47 | 443-446 | Chemical | denotes | ATM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
T48 | 553-564 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
T49 | 813-818 | Chemical | denotes | water | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 |
T50 | 953-956 | Chemical | denotes | ATM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
T51 | 1124-1127 | Chemical | denotes | ATM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
T52 | 1242-1245 | Chemical | denotes | ATM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
T53 | 1263-1268 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
T54 | 1279-1288 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
T55 | 1466-1475 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
T56 | 1487-1490 | Chemical | denotes | ATM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
T57 | 1616-1625 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitor | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
T58 | 1814-1823 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
T59 | 1987-1994 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T60 | 2011-2022 | Chemical | denotes | angiotensin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433 |
T61 | 2171-2183 | Chemical | denotes | gangliosides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892 |
T62 | 2209-2218 | Chemical | denotes | cofactors | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23357 |
T63 | 2226-2231 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 |
T64 | 2299-2304 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 |
T65 | 2454-2461 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T66 | 2524-2529 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 |
T67 | 2554-2565 | Chemical | denotes | cholesterol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16113 |
T68 | 2699-2710 | Chemical | denotes | ganglioside | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892 |
T69 | 2781-2788 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T70 | 2914-2926 | Chemical | denotes | gangliosides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892 |
T71 | 2928-2931 | Chemical | denotes | ATM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
T72 | 3069-3076 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T73 | 3093-3098 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 |
T74 | 3121-3133 | Chemical | denotes | gangliosides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892 |
T75 | 3146-3157 | Chemical | denotes | cholesterol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16113 |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T23 | 0-15 | Sentence | denotes | 1 Introduction |
T24 | 16-176 | Sentence | denotes | The emergence of the novel pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global pandemic disease referred to as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) [1]. |
T25 | 177-257 | Sentence | denotes | In such a health emergency, it is critical to find a cure and stop the pandemic. |
T26 | 258-482 | Sentence | denotes | Among the potential solutions currently under investigation, a combination bitherapy consisting of the antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine (CLQ-OH) with the antibiotic, azithromycin (ATM) has received particular attention. |
T27 | 483-674 | Sentence | denotes | Following initial reports from China indicating a potential effect of chloroquine (CLQ) [2], a preliminary clinical trial was implemented in France on a small cohort of COVID-19 patients [3]. |
T28 | 675-846 | Sentence | denotes | A significant viral load reduction was observed in the 20 patients treated with CLQ-OH [3], a CLQ derivative with increased solubility in water and decreased toxicity [4]. |
T29 | 847-968 | Sentence | denotes | With the aim of preventing bacterial super-infection, six additional patients in this trial also received ATM for 5 days. |
T30 | 969-1033 | Sentence | denotes | All these patients had undetectable viral load after 6 days [3]. |
T31 | 1034-1225 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, although these promising data need clinical confirmation with more patients, CLQ-OH/ATM combination therapy already appears superior to CLQ alone as a first-line treatment for COVID-19. |
T32 | 1226-1362 | Sentence | denotes | Both CLQ-OH and ATM are repositioned drugs and their antiviral mechanism of action, particularly in combination, remains mostly unclear. |
T33 | 1363-1437 | Sentence | denotes | In vitro studies have shown that CLQ-OH inhibits SARS-CoV-2 [4], [5], [6]. |
T34 | 1438-1571 | Sentence | denotes | Far less is known about the antiviral effects of ATM, which has been suggested to interfere with influenza virus internalization [7]. |
T35 | 1572-1689 | Sentence | denotes | Interestingly, CLQ is also considered as an inhibitor of endocytic pathways through an elevation of endosomal pH [8]. |
T36 | 1690-1831 | Sentence | denotes | However, several reports indicate that CLQ could also prevent virus attachment through a direct effect on host-cell surface molecules [9,10]. |
T37 | 1832-2082 | Sentence | denotes | The first step of the replication cycle in human coronaviruses is the attachment of the virus to the host plasma membrane, which is mediated by a membrane protein receptor, i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in the case of SARS-CoV-2 [11]. |
T38 | 2083-2273 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, coronaviruses are also dependent upon sialylated membrane components, such as gangliosides, which act as attachment cofactors within lipid raft membrane platforms [12], [13], [14]. |
T39 | 2274-2497 | Sentence | denotes | As ACE-2 is localized in lipid rafts [15], SARS-CoV-2 infection requires specific targeting to these plasma membrane microdomains, where multivalent interactions between the spike protein and raft components can take place. |
T40 | 2498-2657 | Sentence | denotes | In line with this notion, lipid raft disruption through cholesterol depletion resulted in a significant reduction of human coronavirus SARS-CoV infection [15]. |
T41 | 2658-2943 | Sentence | denotes | The recent identification of a potential ganglioside-binding domain in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and its potential role in membrane recognition [10], prompted this study of the molecular relationship between this domain, gangliosides, ATM and CLQ-OH. |
T42 | 2944-3166 | Sentence | denotes | This study involved a molecular modelling strategy that has been successfully applied to unravel the molecular mechanisms of protein binding to raft lipid components, including gangliosides [16,17] and cholesterol [18,19]. |
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
112 | 54-72 | Species | denotes | SARS-coronavirus 2 | Tax:2697049 |
113 | 74-84 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
114 | 661-669 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
115 | 733-741 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
116 | 916-924 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
117 | 979-987 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
118 | 1107-1115 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
119 | 380-398 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
120 | 400-406 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ-OH | |
121 | 429-441 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
122 | 443-446 | Chemical | denotes | ATM | MESH:D017963 |
123 | 553-564 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
124 | 566-569 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ | MESH:D002738 |
125 | 755-761 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ-OH | |
126 | 769-772 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ | MESH:D002738 |
127 | 813-818 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
128 | 1117-1123 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ-OH | |
129 | 1176-1179 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ | MESH:D002738 |
130 | 138-160 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus disease 19 | MESH:C000657245 |
131 | 162-170 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
132 | 652-660 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
133 | 823-841 | Disease | denotes | decreased toxicity | MESH:D066126 |
134 | 874-899 | Disease | denotes | bacterial super-infection | MESH:D001424 |
135 | 1216-1224 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
140 | 1412-1422 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
141 | 1535-1550 | Species | denotes | influenza virus | Tax:11308 |
142 | 1231-1237 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ-OH | |
143 | 1396-1402 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ-OH | |
166 | 2044-2049 | Gene | denotes | ACE-2 | Gene:59272 |
167 | 2277-2282 | Gene | denotes | ACE-2 | Gene:59272 |
168 | 2448-2453 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
169 | 2775-2780 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
170 | 1875-1880 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
171 | 1881-1894 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
172 | 2066-2076 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
173 | 2093-2106 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
174 | 2764-2774 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
175 | 2171-2183 | Chemical | denotes | gangliosides | MESH:D005732 |
176 | 2226-2231 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | MESH:D008055 |
177 | 2299-2304 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | MESH:D008055 |
178 | 2524-2529 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | MESH:D008055 |
179 | 2554-2565 | Chemical | denotes | cholesterol | MESH:D002784 |
180 | 2699-2710 | Chemical | denotes | ganglioside | MESH:D005732 |
181 | 2914-2926 | Chemical | denotes | gangliosides | MESH:D005732 |
182 | 2936-2942 | Chemical | denotes | CLQ-OH | |
183 | 3093-3098 | Chemical | denotes | lipid | MESH:D008055 |
184 | 3121-3133 | Chemical | denotes | gangliosides | MESH:D005732 |
185 | 3146-3157 | Chemical | denotes | cholesterol | MESH:D002784 |
186 | 2317-2337 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 infection | MESH:C000657245 |
187 | 2621-2651 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus SARS-CoV infection | MESH:C000657245 |
2_test
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
32405156-32015508-48150994 | 173-174 | 32015508 | denotes | 1 |
32405156-32074550-48150995 | 572-573 | 32074550 | denotes | 2 |
32405156-32194981-48150996 | 843-844 | 32194981 | denotes | 4 |
32405156-32194981-48150997 | 1424-1425 | 32194981 | denotes | 4 |
32405156-32020029-48150998 | 1434-1435 | 32020029 | denotes | 6 |
32405156-31300721-48150999 | 1568-1569 | 31300721 | denotes | 7 |
32405156-29940786-48151000 | 1686-1687 | 29940786 | denotes | 8 |
32405156-16115318-48151001 | 1825-1826 | 16115318 | denotes | 9 |
32405156-32132184-48151002 | 2078-2080 | 32132184 | denotes | 11 |
32405156-23873408-48151003 | 2257-2259 | 23873408 | denotes | 12 |
32405156-28923942-48151004 | 2263-2265 | 28923942 | denotes | 13 |
32405156-31792450-48151005 | 2269-2271 | 31792450 | denotes | 14 |
32405156-18814896-48151006 | 2312-2314 | 18814896 | denotes | 15 |
32405156-18814896-48151007 | 2653-2655 | 18814896 | denotes | 15 |
32405156-31431523-48151008 | 3135-3137 | 31431523 | denotes | 16 |
32405156-26915987-48151009 | 3159-3161 | 26915987 | denotes | 18 |
32405156-21756873-48151010 | 3162-3164 | 21756873 | denotes | 19 |
T92857 | 173-174 | 32015508 | denotes | 1 |
T20596 | 572-573 | 32074550 | denotes | 2 |
T63350 | 843-844 | 32194981 | denotes | 4 |
T9574 | 1424-1425 | 32194981 | denotes | 4 |
T58552 | 1434-1435 | 32020029 | denotes | 6 |
T1073 | 1568-1569 | 31300721 | denotes | 7 |
T97119 | 1686-1687 | 29940786 | denotes | 8 |
T35781 | 1825-1826 | 16115318 | denotes | 9 |
T70187 | 2078-2080 | 32132184 | denotes | 11 |
T20663 | 2257-2259 | 23873408 | denotes | 12 |
T5942 | 2263-2265 | 28923942 | denotes | 13 |
T98178 | 2269-2271 | 31792450 | denotes | 14 |
T88405 | 2312-2314 | 18814896 | denotes | 15 |
T24597 | 2653-2655 | 18814896 | denotes | 15 |
T69063 | 3135-3137 | 31431523 | denotes | 16 |
T25881 | 3159-3161 | 26915987 | denotes | 18 |
T76615 | 3162-3164 | 21756873 | denotes | 19 |