PMC:7214329 / 7314-10616 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"123","span":{"begin":439,"end":444},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"125","span":{"begin":100,"end":110},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"127","span":{"begin":1842,"end":1847},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"129","span":{"begin":894,"end":904},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"134","span":{"begin":3041,"end":3047},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"135","span":{"begin":2973,"end":2978},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"136","span":{"begin":3131,"end":3137},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"137","span":{"begin":3005,"end":3013},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"143","span":{"begin":2380,"end":2384},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"144","span":{"begin":2702,"end":2708},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"145","span":{"begin":2781,"end":2791},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"146","span":{"begin":2634,"end":2639},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"147","span":{"begin":2666,"end":2674},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A123","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"123","obj":"MESH:D005334"},{"id":"A125","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"125","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A127","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"127","obj":"MESH:D005334"},{"id":"A129","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"129","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A134","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"134","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A135","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"135","obj":"MESH:D014867"},{"id":"A136","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"136","obj":"MESH:D010100"},{"id":"A137","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"137","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A143","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"143","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A144","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"144","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A145","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"145","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A146","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"146","obj":"MESH:D014867"},{"id":"A147","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"147","obj":"MESH:D006973"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":611,"end":617},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":905,"end":908},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":2019,"end":2025},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":2792,"end":2795},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A14","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738"},{"id":"A15","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"id":"A16","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738"},{"id":"A17","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":611,"end":617},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":2019,"end":2025},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":3147,"end":3152},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341"},{"id":"A9","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003978"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":100,"end":108},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":894,"end":902},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":2781,"end":2789},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A37","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T37","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A38","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T38","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A39","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T39","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":239,"end":244},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":452,"end":454},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":600,"end":603},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":1051,"end":1056},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":1422,"end":1423},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":1468,"end":1469},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":1573,"end":1578},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":1631,"end":1633},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":1666,"end":1668},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":1733,"end":1737},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001360"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1753,"end":1757},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1768,"end":1772},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001442"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":1909,"end":1912},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1983,"end":1986},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":2092,"end":2096},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001415"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":2114,"end":2116},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":2702,"end":2708},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":2913,"end":2918},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":3041,"end":3047},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":3147,"end":3152},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000825"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":3172,"end":3174},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":3192,"end":3195},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":3217,"end":3220},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":3234,"end":3237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":3294,"end":3296},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":2124,"end":2128},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":2634,"end":2639},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":2973,"end":2978},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":3131,"end":3137},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A13","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"A14","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377"},{"id":"A15","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377"},{"id":"A16","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15379"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":2124,"end":2128},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043336"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":0,"end":7},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":9,"end":20},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":21,"end":145},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":146,"end":226},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":227,"end":277},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":278,"end":311},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":312,"end":327},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":328,"end":343},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":344,"end":359},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":360,"end":375},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":376,"end":391},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":392,"end":407},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":408,"end":438},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":439,"end":461},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":462,"end":485},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":486,"end":511},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":512,"end":535},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":536,"end":558},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":559,"end":584},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":585,"end":610},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":611,"end":645},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":646,"end":666},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":667,"end":682},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":684,"end":713},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":714,"end":813},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":814,"end":909},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":910,"end":1057},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":1058,"end":1158},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":1159,"end":1331},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1480},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":1481,"end":1559},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":1560,"end":1612},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":1613,"end":1639},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":1640,"end":1674},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T87","span":{"begin":1675,"end":1692},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":1693,"end":1709},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":1710,"end":1727},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":1728,"end":1745},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":1746,"end":1762},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":1763,"end":1780},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":1781,"end":1812},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":1813,"end":1841},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":1842,"end":1865},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":1866,"end":1891},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":1892,"end":1918},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":1919,"end":1942},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":1943,"end":1965},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":1966,"end":1992},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":1993,"end":2018},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":2019,"end":2053},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":2054,"end":2075},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":2076,"end":2101},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":2102,"end":2123},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":2124,"end":2143},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":2144,"end":2162},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":2163,"end":2282},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":2283,"end":2478},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":2479,"end":2581},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":2582,"end":2796},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T112","span":{"begin":2797,"end":2891},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":2892,"end":2954},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T114","span":{"begin":2955,"end":2972},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T115","span":{"begin":2973,"end":3004},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T116","span":{"begin":3005,"end":3031},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":3032,"end":3058},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T118","span":{"begin":3059,"end":3080},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":3081,"end":3101},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":3102,"end":3130},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":3131,"end":3162},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":3163,"end":3182},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":3183,"end":3201},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":3202,"end":3226},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":3227,"end":3243},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":3244,"end":3266},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":3267,"end":3283},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":3284,"end":3302},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":439,"end":444},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1842,"end":1847},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945"}],"text":"Results\n\nAir samples\nOf the 44 air samples collected in medical areas, none of all was positive for SARS-CoV-2 as assessed by RT- PCR (Table 1 ).\nTable 1 Positive rate of air samples from different departments in medical areas\nAreas NO.of tests NO.of Positive Positive rate (%)\nGeneral isolation wards 13 0 0.00\nWard 1 3 0 0.00\nWard 2 3 0 0.00\nWard 3 1 0 0.00\nWard 4 2 0 0.00\nWard 5 3 0 0.00\nWard 6 1 0 0.00\nIntensive care units 13 0 0.00\nFever clinic 18 0 0.00\nEmergency room 3 0 0.00\nObservation room 1 0 0.00\nTreatment room 1 0 0.00\nInfusion room 1 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 2 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 2 2 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 2 0 0.00\nPublic area 6 0 0.00\nTotal 44 0 0.00\n\nEnvironmental surface samples\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces in different areas are shown in Table 2 . Of the 200 swab samples taken from environmental surfaces, 38 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-six (24.83%) of the 145 samples collected in medical areas and 2 (3.64%) of the 55 collected in living quarters were positive for the virus. The positive rate in medical areas was significantly higher than that in living quarters (P = .001). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and ICU, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between these regions (P = .238). Two positive samples were detected in the office area, one was detected on the surface of a keyboard, and another was on the surface of a telephone.\nTable 2 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface in different areas\nAreas No. of tests No. of positive Positive rate (%)\nMedical areas 145 36 24.83\nGeneral isolation ward 72 18 25.00\nWard 1 12 6 50.00\nWard 2 12 0 0.00\nWard 3 12 4 33.33\nWard 4 12 3 25.00\nWard 5 12 1 8.33\nWard 6 12 4 33.33\nIntensive care units 24 9 37.50\nClinical laboratory 7 0 0.00\nFever clinic 42 9 21.43\nEmergency room 12 6 50.00\nObservation room 4 1 25.00\nTreatment room 4 0 0.00\nInfusion room 4 0 0.00\nDiagnosis room 1 4 1 25.00\nDiagnosis room 2 4 0 0.00\nThroat swab sampling room 8 0 0.00\nPublic area 2 1 50.00\nLiving quarters 55 2 3.64\nOffice area 22 2 9.09\nRest room 33 0 0.00\nTotal 200 38 19.00\nThe positive rates of samples from environmental surfaces of specific sites in medical areas are presented in Table 3 . In medical areas, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of keyboards, computer mice, beepers, bedside tables, bedrails, and medical equipment including ventilators and monitors. In living quarters, the PCR-positive samples were obtained from the surface of telephones and desktop. Samples taken from the surface of beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), telephones (40.00%), and keyboards (33.33%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.\nTable 3 Positive rate of samples from environmental surface of specific sites in medical areas\nSampling site No. of tests No. of positivity Positive rate (%)\nBeepers 6 3 50.00\nWater machine buttons 8 4 50.00\nElevator buttons 7 3 42.86\nComputer mouses 10 4 40.00\nTelephones 10 4 40.00\nKeyboards 15 5 33.33\nMedical equipment 13 4 30.77\nOxygen cylinder valve 8 2 25.00\nDesktops 18 3 16.67\nBedrails 7 1 14.29\nBedside tables 7 1 14.29\nGloves 7 1 14.29\nDoor handles 15 0 0.00\nOthers 14 1 7.14\nTotal 145 36 24.83"}