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PMC:7214329 / 10618-18087 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
156 146-156 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
157 387-397 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
158 480-490 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
159 1086-1097 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
160 85-103 Disease denotes infectious disease MESH:D003141
161 302-310 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
162 749-757 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
163 983-992 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
169 1318-1328 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
170 1645-1653 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
171 1492-1512 Disease denotes nosocomial infection MESH:D003428
172 1623-1632 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
173 1725-1745 Disease denotes nosocomial infection MESH:D003428
182 2091-2101 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
183 2497-2507 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
184 2579-2587 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
185 2723-2729 Species denotes mouses Tax:10090
186 2673-2678 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
187 2429-2434 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
188 2644-2653 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
189 2696-2704 Disease denotes elevator MESH:D006973
199 3040-3048 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
200 3457-3467 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
201 3520-3528 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
202 3618-3625 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
203 3664-3671 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
204 2947-2952 Chemical denotes Water MESH:D014867
205 2973-2981 Disease denotes elevator MESH:D006973
206 3476-3484 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
207 3511-3519 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
212 3831-3841 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
213 4085-4093 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
214 4259-4269 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
215 4152-4162 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
226 4503-4511 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
227 4823-4830 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
228 5654-5662 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
229 5182-5190 Chemical denotes chlorine MESH:D002713
230 5414-5422 Chemical denotes chlorine MESH:D002713
231 4517-4525 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
232 4595-4604 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
233 4716-4724 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
234 4814-4822 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
235 5097-5105 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
238 6222-6232 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
239 6627-6636 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
243 7102-7110 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
244 7153-7163 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
245 7116-7124 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T18 380-383 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T19 2508-2511 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T20 3842-3845 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T21 3964-3968 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T22 4164-4168 Body_part denotes Hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T23 4351-4355 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T24 4372-4376 Body_part denotes Hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T25 4785-4788 Body_part denotes eye http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54448
T26 7392-7410 Body_part denotes surfaces, and hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25240
T27 7406-7410 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T10 3964-3968 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T11 4164-4168 Body_part denotes Hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T12 4351-4355 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T13 4372-4376 Body_part denotes Hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T14 4785-4788 Body_part denotes eye http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000970
T15 7406-7410 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T40 85-103 Disease denotes infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T41 146-154 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T42 302-322 Disease denotes infected respiratory http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T43 387-395 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T44 480-488 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T45 749-757 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T46 983-992 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T47 1318-1326 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T48 1492-1512 Disease denotes nosocomial infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043544
T49 1503-1512 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T50 1623-1632 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T51 1725-1745 Disease denotes nosocomial infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043544
T52 1736-1745 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T53 2091-2099 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T54 2497-2505 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T55 2644-2653 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T56 3457-3465 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T57 3476-3496 Disease denotes infected respiratory http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T58 3831-3839 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T59 4152-4162 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T60 4259-4267 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T61 4517-4525 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T62 4595-4604 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T63 4716-4724 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T64 4814-4822 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T65 5097-5105 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T66 6004-6006 Disease denotes AM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0020320
T67 6222-6230 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T68 6627-6636 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T69 6683-6685 Disease denotes WS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010196
T70 7116-7124 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T71 7153-7161 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T65 39-44 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T66 222-228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001006 denotes 3 , 11
T67 255-260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T68 649-654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T69 938-943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T70 1683-1684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T71 2633-2634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T72 2723-2729 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836 denotes mouses
T73 3189-3194 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T74 3374-3381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes devices
T75 3583-3588 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T76 4016-4021 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T77 4246-4253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T78 4274-4277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T79 4334-4335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T80 4364-4366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T81 4785-4788 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000827 denotes eye
T82 5412-5413 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T83 6358-6359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T84 6393-6395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T85 6552-6555 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T86 7200-7201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87 7463-7468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T17 1984-1995 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T18 2673-2678 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T19 2947-2952 Chemical denotes Water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T20 5182-5190 Chemical denotes chlorine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23116|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29310
T22 5197-5210 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T23 5414-5422 Chemical denotes chlorine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23116|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29310
T25 5434-5446 Chemical denotes disinfectant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T26 5619-5632 Chemical denotes disinfectants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T27 6683-6685 Chemical denotes WS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73694

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T10 914-922 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T11 1857-1868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations
T12 3497-3507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretions
T13 6591-6602 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T129 0-10 Sentence denotes Discussion
T130 11-104 Sentence denotes Aerosol transmission of the virus could lead to the spread of an epidemic infectious disease.
T131 105-361 Sentence denotes However, previous studies suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted within family and hospital-associated populations,3 , 11 , 12 indicating that this virus spreads mainly through close contact and infected respiratory droplets rather than through aerosols.
T132 362-539 Sentence denotes In our study, the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in any of the 44 air samples, indicating that the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols is yet to be confirmed.
T133 540-811 Sentence denotes An air sampler that could force larger volumes of air should be required to detect low concentrations of the virus in the clinical environment in further studies.13 Conversely, in the designated hospitals for COVID-19, strict measures for air purification had been taken.
T134 812-882 Sentence denotes The most important measure was to open windows to promote ventilation.
T135 883-1296 Sentence denotes If mobility could increase air exchange and reduce the virus concentration, then the probability of infection is greatly reduced.14 , 15 Previous studies have shown that ultraviolet light could kill the coronavirus effectively.16 For rooms with poor ventilation in the designated hospital, an ultraviolet air disinfection machine with 24 hours ultraviolet disinfection filtration was devoted to sterilize the air.
T136 1297-1377 Sentence denotes The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 detection in the 200 surface samples was 19.00%.
T137 1378-1547 Sentence denotes The positive rate in medical areas was higher than that in the living quarters, demonstrating the efficacy of the nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies.
T138 1548-1702 Sentence denotes The wards were divided into different areas according to the risk level of infection, separating patients and healthcare workers using a physical barrier.
T139 1703-1786 Sentence denotes Targeted measures for nosocomial infection prevention and control were carried out.
T140 1787-1959 Sentence denotes Individuals in the designated hospital were required to adhere to the regulations imposed in different areas, and crossing of those different areas was strictly prohibited.
T141 1960-2129 Sentence denotes The results showed that application of physical barriers combined with behavioral management can effectively prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the designated hospital.
T142 2130-2289 Sentence denotes Two positive samples taken from the living quarters indicated the importance of more careful and thorough environmental cleaning and disinfection in this area.
T143 2290-2482 Sentence denotes The positive rates in areas such as general isolation ward 1, general isolation ward 3, general isolation ward 6, ICU, emergency room, and fever clinic in public area were, on average, higher.
T144 2483-2611 Sentence denotes In our study, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected from the environmental surfaces frequently touched by patients and healthcare workers.
T145 2612-2757 Sentence denotes The top 5 sites with a positive infection rate were beepers, water machine buttons, elevator buttons, computer mouses, telephones, and keyboards.
T146 2758-2946 Sentence denotes Special emphasis should be placed on the cleaning and disinfection of the crucial parts of key departments, and intensive disinfection should be instituted and done by professional nurses.
T147 2947-3131 Sentence denotes Water machine buttons and elevator buttons that are frequently used by healthcare workers or patients are some of the neglected sites in the hospital, often not cleaned or disinfected.
T148 3132-3195 Sentence denotes These sites can potentially become contaminated with the virus.
T149 3196-3631 Sentence denotes Use of keyboard protection films was recommended for easier cleaning and disinfection.17 The positive rate in medical equipment surfaces such as ventilators, monitors, and X-ray devices was 30.77%, suggesting that the equipment surface can be contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 through infected respiratory secretions of infected patients; these contaminated surfaces caused the spread of the virus to healthcare workers during patient care.
T150 3632-3719 Sentence denotes Fixed use of equipment for each patient was recommended to prevent cross contamination.
T151 3720-3797 Sentence denotes Furthermore, all reusable medical equipment should be disinfected thoroughly.
T152 3798-3846 Sentence denotes One of 7 gloves was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
T153 3847-4163 Sentence denotes This suggests that healthcare workers can come into contact with the contaminated surfaces mentioned above, and when hand hygiene or glove removal precautions fail, the virus and other microorganisms would spread to other surfaces and/or patients and/or healthcare workers, leading to hospital-associated infections.
T154 4164-4318 Sentence denotes Hand hygiene is one of the most important measures to prevent the transmission of viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and has been recommended in numerous guidelines.
T155 4319-4419 Sentence denotes Gloves are not a substitute for hand hygiene.18 , 19 Hand hygiene rules should be strictly observed.
T156 4420-4549 Sentence denotes Based on the results of our study, it can be concluded that the environment around patients with COVID-19 is widely contaminated.
T157 4550-4725 Sentence denotes To protect healthcare workers, more thorough infection prevention and control guidelines are needed, as well as delivering methods to prevent contact transmission of COVID-19.
T158 4726-4836 Sentence denotes Current guidelines suggest gloves, gowns, respirators, and eye protectors as PPE during COVID-19 patient care.
T159 4837-5240 Sentence denotes There is also need for more careful and comprehensive procedures for putting on and removing PPE.20 In addition, the basic environmental hygiene and disinfection measures should be put in place.21 The environmental cleaning and disinfection regimes during the COVID-19 epidemic were similar in all areas: surface cleaning and disinfection using chlorine-based disinfectants were conducted twice per day.
T160 5241-5341 Sentence denotes There were some limitations in the process of environmental disinfection in the designated hospital.
T161 5342-5447 Sentence denotes First, environmental surface disinfection was implemented by spraying a chlorine-containing disinfectant.
T162 5448-5599 Sentence denotes However, spraying cannot cover the surface evenly, such as the corners, and the effect of disinfection cannot be guaranteed without the wiping process.
T163 5600-5741 Sentence denotes Moreover, spraying disinfectants may lead to harms to patients and health care workers, thus spraying disinfection should not be recommended.
T164 5742-5860 Sentence denotes Second, the cleaning work in the designated hospital was mostly done by volunteer cleaners during this special period.
T165 5861-5930 Sentence denotes They received the necessary training without professional experience.
T166 5931-6048 Sentence denotes Third, all samples were collected under emergency conditions around 8:00 AM before routine cleaning and disinfection.
T167 6049-6138 Sentence denotes The result may indicate that the usual frequency of disinfection did not meet the demand.
T168 6139-6284 Sentence denotes The data obtained in our study provided evidence of environmental contamination by SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated the effectiveness of disinfection.
T169 6285-7007 Sentence denotes Significant environmental contamination suggests that the environment is a potential medium of transmission.22 We proposed the following suggestions: (1) environmental surface disinfection should include wiping in an “S”-shaped motion and not repeating the area that has already been cleaned, according to regulations for hospital-associated infection control in the ward of healthcare facilities (WS/T510-2016); (2) the frequency of disinfection should be increased appropriately, at least 3 times per day: twice during the day and once at night (disinfection should be conducted at any time in case of obvious contamination); and (3) cleaners should be trained repeatedly to ensure that they are qualified for their job.
T170 7008-7235 Sentence denotes In conclusion, our study demonstrated that environmental surfaces in designated hospitals for patients with COVID-19 were widely contaminated by SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that the environment is a potential medium of transmission.
T171 7236-7469 Sentence denotes Strict environmental surface hygiene practices should be implemented to prevent healthcare workers from coming into contact with contaminated environmental surfaces, and hand hygiene should be promoted to prevent the spread of virus.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T5 2429-2434 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32407826-31986261-2066479 231-233 31986261 denotes 12
32407826-28363251-2066480 702-704 28363251 denotes 13
32407826-17661928-2066481 1012-1014 17661928 denotes 14
32407826-26818469-2066482 1110-1112 26818469 denotes 16
32407826-28078082-2066483 4364-4366 28078082 denotes 18
32407826-28768591-2066484 4369-4371 28768591 denotes 19
32407826-29889934-2066485 5031-5033 29889934 denotes 21
32407826-26597631-2066486 6393-6395 26597631 denotes 22