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    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":470,"end":475},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T112","span":{"begin":503,"end":508},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":640,"end":645},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T114","span":{"begin":829,"end":834},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T115","span":{"begin":845,"end":850},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T116","span":{"begin":1228,"end":1239},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":1271,"end":1283},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T118","span":{"begin":1757,"end":1762},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":2420,"end":2425},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":3182,"end":3187},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":3269,"end":3274},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":3748,"end":3756},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":3913,"end":3918},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":4002,"end":4007},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":4022,"end":4027},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":4050,"end":4055},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":4130,"end":4135},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":4190,"end":4200},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":4387,"end":4406},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":4476,"end":4486},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A111","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T111","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A112","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T112","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A113","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T113","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A114","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T114","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A115","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T115","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A116","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T116","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863"},{"id":"A117","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T117","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67328"},{"id":"A118","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T118","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A119","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T119","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A120","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T120","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A121","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T121","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A122","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T122","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A123","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T123","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A124","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T124","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A125","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T125","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A126","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T126","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A127","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T127","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A128","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T128","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62293"},{"id":"A129","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T129","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9486"},{"id":"A130","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T130","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62340"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-PD-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":470,"end":475},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":503,"end":508},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":640,"end":645},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":829,"end":834},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":845,"end":850},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":1217,"end":1224},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":1757,"end":1762},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":2420,"end":2425},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":3182,"end":3187},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":3269,"end":3274},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":3913,"end":3918},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":4002,"end":4007},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":4022,"end":4027},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":4050,"end":4055},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":4130,"end":4135},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A63","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"},{"id":"A64","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"},{"id":"A65","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T65","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"},{"id":"A66","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T66","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A67","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"},{"id":"A68","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000055"},{"id":"A69","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T69","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A70","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A71","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T71","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"},{"id":"A72","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A73","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A74","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A75","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A76","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A77","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":41,"end":49},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":64,"end":72},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":74,"end":78},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":523,"end":526},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":565,"end":568},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T168","span":{"begin":584,"end":605},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T169","span":{"begin":591,"end":605},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T170","span":{"begin":614,"end":616},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T171","span":{"begin":621,"end":631},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T172","span":{"begin":829,"end":842},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T173","span":{"begin":988,"end":990},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T174","span":{"begin":1072,"end":1074},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T175","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1080},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T176","span":{"begin":1383,"end":1391},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T177","span":{"begin":1522,"end":1526},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T178","span":{"begin":1626,"end":1632},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T179","span":{"begin":1790,"end":1792},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T180","span":{"begin":1807,"end":1815},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T182","span":{"begin":1957,"end":1967},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T183","span":{"begin":2185,"end":2188},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T184","span":{"begin":2201,"end":2213},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T185","span":{"begin":2328,"end":2339},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T186","span":{"begin":2398,"end":2419},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T187","span":{"begin":2398,"end":2409},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T188","span":{"begin":2420,"end":2433},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T189","span":{"begin":2566,"end":2574},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":2885,"end":2891},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":2969,"end":2972},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":3078,"end":3084},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":3122,"end":3132},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T194","span":{"begin":3269,"end":3282},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T195","span":{"begin":3406,"end":3408},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T196","span":{"begin":3625,"end":3637},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T197","span":{"begin":3647,"end":3658},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T198","span":{"begin":3674,"end":3680},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T199","span":{"begin":3723,"end":3729},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T200","span":{"begin":3822,"end":3841},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T201","span":{"begin":4034,"end":4037},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T202","span":{"begin":4039,"end":4063},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T203","span":{"begin":4050,"end":4063},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T204","span":{"begin":4065,"end":4067},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T205","span":{"begin":4298,"end":4323},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T206","span":{"begin":4387,"end":4412},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T207","span":{"begin":4393,"end":4412},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T208","span":{"begin":4414,"end":4418},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T209","span":{"begin":4424,"end":4457},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A163","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T163","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A164","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T164","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A165","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T165","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A166","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T166","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005009"},{"id":"A167","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T167","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005009"},{"id":"A168","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T168","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007264"},{"id":"A169","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T169","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000745"},{"id":"A170","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T170","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005068"},{"id":"A171","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T171","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263"},{"id":"A172","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T172","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252"},{"id":"A173","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T173","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017941"},{"id":"A174","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T174","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017941"},{"id":"A175","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T175","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017941"},{"id":"A176","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T176","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015"},{"id":"A177","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T177","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A178","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T178","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A179","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T179","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017941"},{"id":"A180","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T180","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008054"},{"id":"A181","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T180","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021167"},{"id":"A182","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T182","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263"},{"id":"A183","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T183","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005009"},{"id":"A184","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T184","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005904"},{"id":"A185","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T185","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004496"},{"id":"A186","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T186","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002815"},{"id":"A187","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T187","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004496"},{"id":"A188","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T188","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252"},{"id":"A189","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T189","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A190","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T190","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A191","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T191","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044"},{"id":"A192","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T192","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A193","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T193","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263"},{"id":"A194","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T194","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252"},{"id":"A195","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T195","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017941"},{"id":"A196","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T196","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044"},{"id":"A197","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T197","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263"},{"id":"A198","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T198","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A199","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T199","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A200","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T200","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021113"},{"id":"A201","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T201","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005009"},{"id":"A202","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T202","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005009"},{"id":"A203","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T203","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252"},{"id":"A204","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T204","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017941"},{"id":"A205","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T205","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005068"},{"id":"A206","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T206","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001662"},{"id":"A207","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T207","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007240"},{"id":"A208","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T208","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A209","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T209","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T189","span":{"begin":199,"end":201},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001022"},{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":199,"end":201},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007314"},{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":255,"end":258},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596"},{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":470,"end":475},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":503,"end":508},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T194","span":{"begin":640,"end":645},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T195","span":{"begin":829,"end":834},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T196","span":{"begin":829,"end":834},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T197","span":{"begin":829,"end":834},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T198","span":{"begin":829,"end":834},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T199","span":{"begin":845,"end":850},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T200","span":{"begin":953,"end":955},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510"},{"id":"T201","span":{"begin":965,"end":967},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509"},{"id":"T202","span":{"begin":1002,"end":1004},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003622"},{"id":"T203","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1067},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T204","span":{"begin":1162,"end":1163},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T205","span":{"begin":1166,"end":1167},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T206","span":{"begin":1170,"end":1171},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T207","span":{"begin":1217,"end":1224},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000055"},{"id":"T208","span":{"begin":1271,"end":1277},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630"},{"id":"T209","span":{"begin":1271,"end":1277},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090"},{"id":"T210","span":{"begin":1271,"end":1277},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801"},{"id":"T211","span":{"begin":1271,"end":1277},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949"},{"id":"T212","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1293},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T213","span":{"begin":1757,"end":1762},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T214","span":{"begin":1757,"end":1762},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T215","span":{"begin":1757,"end":1762},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T216","span":{"begin":1757,"end":1762},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T217","span":{"begin":1768,"end":1773},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T218","span":{"begin":1864,"end":1866},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510"},{"id":"T219","span":{"begin":2119,"end":2123},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185"},{"id":"T220","span":{"begin":2342,"end":2343},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T221","span":{"begin":2346,"end":2347},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T222","span":{"begin":2420,"end":2425},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T223","span":{"begin":2420,"end":2425},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T224","span":{"begin":2420,"end":2425},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T225","span":{"begin":2420,"end":2425},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T226","span":{"begin":2456,"end":2457},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T227","span":{"begin":3182,"end":3187},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T228","span":{"begin":3205,"end":3207},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382"},{"id":"T229","span":{"begin":3230,"end":3232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055"},{"id":"T230","span":{"begin":3269,"end":3274},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T231","span":{"begin":3269,"end":3274},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T232","span":{"begin":3269,"end":3274},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T233","span":{"begin":3269,"end":3274},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T234","span":{"begin":3409,"end":3411},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000010213"},{"id":"T235","span":{"begin":3414,"end":3415},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T236","span":{"begin":3440,"end":3442},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009141"},{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":3440,"end":3442},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050980"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":3913,"end":3918},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T239","span":{"begin":3913,"end":3918},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":3913,"end":3918},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T241","span":{"begin":3913,"end":3918},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T242","span":{"begin":3970,"end":3971},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T243","span":{"begin":3989,"end":3996},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263"},{"id":"T244","span":{"begin":4002,"end":4007},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":4002,"end":4007},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296"},{"id":"T246","span":{"begin":4022,"end":4027},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T247","span":{"begin":4022,"end":4027},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T248","span":{"begin":4022,"end":4027},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T249","span":{"begin":4022,"end":4027},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T250","span":{"begin":4050,"end":4055},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":4050,"end":4055},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T252","span":{"begin":4050,"end":4055},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":4050,"end":4055},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":4130,"end":4135},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":4164,"end":4172},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":4186,"end":4188},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003622"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":199,"end":201},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":614,"end":616},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":690,"end":692},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":921,"end":923},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":947,"end":949},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":2257,"end":2260},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":2265,"end":2275},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":2298,"end":2300},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":2866,"end":2868},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":3440,"end":3442},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":3536,"end":3538},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":3965,"end":3968},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":3989,"end":3996},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":3998,"end":4000},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":4069,"end":4077},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":4092,"end":4100},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":4190,"end":4200},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":4233,"end":4240},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":4298,"end":4300},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A53","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30145"},{"id":"A54","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53620"},{"id":"A55","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74704"},{"id":"A56","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29865"},{"id":"A57","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T57","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22984"},{"id":"A58","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25107"},{"id":"A59","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_80234"},{"id":"A60","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16737"},{"id":"A61","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73579"},{"id":"A62","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29865"},{"id":"A63","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141393"},{"id":"A64","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29865"},{"id":"A65","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T65","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_80234"},{"id":"A66","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T66","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670"},{"id":"A67","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29865"},{"id":"A68","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16919"},{"id":"A69","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57947"},{"id":"A70","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16919"},{"id":"A71","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57947"},{"id":"A72","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35143"},{"id":"A73","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24996"},{"id":"A74","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53620"},{"id":"A75","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74704"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1102,"end":1106},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004111"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1284,"end":1289},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":3406,"end":3411},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004111"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":4086,"end":4090},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004111"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-PD-HP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":470,"end":480},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":503,"end":513},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":523,"end":526},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":565,"end":568},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":584,"end":605},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":621,"end":631},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":640,"end":650},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":795,"end":807},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":829,"end":842},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":869,"end":881},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1198},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":1561,"end":1570},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":1807,"end":1815},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":1909,"end":1920},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":1949,"end":1967},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":2185,"end":2188},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":2201,"end":2213},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":2328,"end":2339},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":2398,"end":2409},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":2420,"end":2433},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":3122,"end":3132},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":3167,"end":3179},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":3182,"end":3197},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":3269,"end":3282},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":3285,"end":3302},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":3440,"end":3461},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":3625,"end":3637},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":3647,"end":3658},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":3748,"end":3762},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":3765,"end":3774},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":3822,"end":3841},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T168","span":{"begin":4034,"end":4037},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T169","span":{"begin":4039,"end":4063},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T170","span":{"begin":4302,"end":4323},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T171","span":{"begin":4387,"end":4412},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A137","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T137","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100749"},{"id":"A138","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T138","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100749"},{"id":"A139","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T139","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"},{"id":"A140","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T140","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"},{"id":"A141","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T141","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031628"},{"id":"A142","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T142","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"},{"id":"A143","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T143","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100749"},{"id":"A144","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T144","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001640"},{"id":"A145","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T145","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"},{"id":"A146","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T146","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001962"},{"id":"A147","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T147","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000969"},{"id":"A148","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T148","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012418"},{"id":"A149","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T149","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100614"},{"id":"A150","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T150","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001649"},{"id":"A151","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T151","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"},{"id":"A152","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T152","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"},{"id":"A153","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T153","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001701"},{"id":"A154","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T154","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012819"},{"id":"A155","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T155","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012819"},{"id":"A156","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T156","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"},{"id":"A157","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"},{"id":"A158","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T158","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001962"},{"id":"A159","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T159","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031352"},{"id":"A160","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T160","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"},{"id":"A161","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T161","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030149"},{"id":"A162","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T162","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012251"},{"id":"A163","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T163","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A164","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T164","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675"},{"id":"A165","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T165","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A166","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T166","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012418"},{"id":"A167","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T167","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002878"},{"id":"A168","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T168","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"},{"id":"A169","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T169","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"},{"id":"A170","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T170","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001658"},{"id":"A171","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T171","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011712"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T224","span":{"begin":0,"end":73},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T225","span":{"begin":74,"end":130},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T226","span":{"begin":131,"end":449},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T227","span":{"begin":450,"end":686},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T228","span":{"begin":687,"end":781},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T229","span":{"begin":782,"end":842},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T230","span":{"begin":843,"end":866},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T231","span":{"begin":867,"end":886},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T232","span":{"begin":887,"end":931},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T233","span":{"begin":932,"end":943},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T234","span":{"begin":944,"end":957},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T235","span":{"begin":958,"end":969},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T236","span":{"begin":970,"end":990},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":991,"end":998},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":999,"end":1004},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T239","span":{"begin":1005,"end":1016},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":1017,"end":1074},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T241","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1106},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T242","span":{"begin":1107,"end":1114},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T243","span":{"begin":1115,"end":1139},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T244","span":{"begin":1140,"end":1144},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":1145,"end":1198},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T246","span":{"begin":1199,"end":1239},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T247","span":{"begin":1240,"end":1268},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T248","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1293},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T249","span":{"begin":1294,"end":1344},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T250","span":{"begin":1345,"end":1380},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1599},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T252","span":{"begin":1600,"end":1632},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":1633,"end":1673},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":1674,"end":1841},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":1842,"end":1861},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":1862,"end":1906},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":1907,"end":1946},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1979},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T259","span":{"begin":1980,"end":1984},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":1985,"end":2166},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T261","span":{"begin":2167,"end":2213},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T262","span":{"begin":2214,"end":2252},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T263","span":{"begin":2253,"end":2260},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":2261,"end":2275},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T265","span":{"begin":2276,"end":2283},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T266","span":{"begin":2284,"end":2312},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T267","span":{"begin":2313,"end":2327},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T268","span":{"begin":2328,"end":2347},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T269","span":{"begin":2348,"end":2490},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T270","span":{"begin":2491,"end":2565},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T271","span":{"begin":2566,"end":2574},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T272","span":{"begin":2575,"end":2844},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T273","span":{"begin":2845,"end":2868},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T274","span":{"begin":2869,"end":3008},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T275","span":{"begin":3009,"end":3061},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T276","span":{"begin":3062,"end":3119},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T277","span":{"begin":3120,"end":3179},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T278","span":{"begin":3180,"end":3209},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T279","span":{"begin":3210,"end":3252},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T280","span":{"begin":3253,"end":3282},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T281","span":{"begin":3283,"end":3302},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T282","span":{"begin":3303,"end":3401},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T283","span":{"begin":3402,"end":3461},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T284","span":{"begin":3462,"end":3488},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T285","span":{"begin":3489,"end":3503},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T286","span":{"begin":3504,"end":3745},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T287","span":{"begin":3746,"end":3762},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T288","span":{"begin":3763,"end":3874},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T289","span":{"begin":3875,"end":3964},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T290","span":{"begin":3965,"end":4487},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

    {"project":"LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB","denotations":[{"id":"T1722","span":{"begin":41,"end":49},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T1723","span":{"begin":51,"end":59},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T1724","span":{"begin":64,"end":72},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T1726","span":{"begin":314,"end":317},"obj":"CHEBI:85129;DG_29;CHEBI:85129"},{"id":"T1727","span":{"begin":388,"end":399},"obj":"GO:0007567"},{"id":"T1729","span":{"begin":546,"end":553},"obj":"GO:0007565"},{"id":"T1730","span":{"begin":617,"end":620},"obj":"UBERON:0002113"},{"id":"T1732","span":{"begin":882,"end":909},"obj":"GO:0007565"},{"id":"T1733","span":{"begin":1121,"end":1154},"obj":"GO:0007567"},{"id":"T1735","span":{"begin":1353,"end":1365},"obj":"GO:0042571;GO:0016064"},{"id":"T1736","span":{"begin":1366,"end":1370},"obj":"GO:0016064"},{"id":"T1737","span":{"begin":1470,"end":1488},"obj":"GO:0007565"},{"id":"T1738","span":{"begin":1626,"end":1652},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T1740","span":{"begin":1807,"end":1841},"obj":"UBERON:0001987"},{"id":"T1742","span":{"begin":2176,"end":2187},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T1743","span":{"begin":2384,"end":2387},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T1744","span":{"begin":2474,"end":2479},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T1745","span":{"begin":2724,"end":2756},"obj":"UBERON:0000995"},{"id":"T1747","span":{"begin":3406,"end":3413},"obj":"PR:000001786"},{"id":"T1748","span":{"begin":3639,"end":3658},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T1749","span":{"begin":3791,"end":3795},"obj":"GO:0007565"},{"id":"T1750","span":{"begin":3839,"end":3890},"obj":"UBERON:0001004"},{"id":"T1751","span":{"begin":3913,"end":3929},"obj":"GO:0007567"},{"id":"T1754","span":{"begin":4207,"end":4221},"obj":"UBERON:0007221"},{"id":"T1756","span":{"begin":4279,"end":4312},"obj":"GO:0007565"},{"id":"T1757","span":{"begin":4325,"end":4333},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T1758","span":{"begin":4335,"end":4346},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T1759","span":{"begin":4347,"end":4358},"obj":"SP_9;GO:0045333;UBERON:0001004"},{"id":"T1760","span":{"begin":4359,"end":4379},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T1761","span":{"begin":4414,"end":4422},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T1762","span":{"begin":4424,"end":4436},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T1763","span":{"begin":4437,"end":4448},"obj":"SP_10;UBERON:0001004"},{"id":"T1764","span":{"begin":4449,"end":4469},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T807","span":{"begin":66,"end":71},"obj":"UBERON:0002113"},{"id":"T808","span":{"begin":168,"end":176},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T809","span":{"begin":178,"end":186},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T810","span":{"begin":191,"end":199},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T811","span":{"begin":206,"end":211},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T812","span":{"begin":1098,"end":1100},"obj":"UBERON:0005409"},{"id":"T813","span":{"begin":1295,"end":1303},"obj":"UBERON:0004908"},{"id":"T814","span":{"begin":1535,"end":1537},"obj":"CHEBI:29103;CHEBI:29103"},{"id":"T815","span":{"begin":1553,"end":1558},"obj":"UBERON:0001988"},{"id":"T816","span":{"begin":1597,"end":1599},"obj":"CHEBI:29103;CHEBI:29103"},{"id":"T817","span":{"begin":1614,"end":1619},"obj":"UBERON:0001988"},{"id":"T818","span":{"begin":1630,"end":1635},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T819","span":{"begin":1651,"end":1656},"obj":"UBERON:0001988"},{"id":"T820","span":{"begin":1705,"end":1707},"obj":"CHEBI:29103;CHEBI:29103"},{"id":"T821","span":{"begin":1812,"end":1817},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T822","span":{"begin":1840,"end":1849},"obj":"UBERON:0000483;CL:0000066"},{"id":"T823","span":{"begin":1850,"end":1855},"obj":"CL:0000066"},{"id":"T824","span":{"begin":1859,"end":1864},"obj":"UBERON:0000160"},{"id":"T825","span":{"begin":1891,"end":1902},"obj":"GO:0005902"},{"id":"T826","span":{"begin":1911,"end":1916},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239;GO:0006260"},{"id":"T827","span":{"begin":1917,"end":1928},"obj":"GO:0006260"},{"id":"T828","span":{"begin":1932,"end":1942},"obj":"UBERON:0000160"},{"id":"T829","span":{"begin":1959,"end":1964},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T830","span":{"begin":1981,"end":1997},"obj":"UBERON:0002108"},{"id":"T831","span":{"begin":2098,"end":2111},"obj":"UBERON:0001199"},{"id":"T832","span":{"begin":2160,"end":2163},"obj":"UBERON:0005409"},{"id":"T833","span":{"begin":2164,"end":2179},"obj":"UBERON:0001744"},{"id":"T834","span":{"begin":2197,"end":2205},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T835","span":{"begin":2228,"end":2237},"obj":"UBERON:0000483;CL:0000066"},{"id":"T836","span":{"begin":2238,"end":2243},"obj":"CL:0000066"},{"id":"T837","span":{"begin":2444,"end":2446},"obj":"UBERON:0005409"},{"id":"T838","span":{"begin":2585,"end":2590},"obj":"CHEBI:27026;CHEBI:27026"},{"id":"T839","span":{"begin":2607,"end":2612},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239;GO:0006260"},{"id":"T840","span":{"begin":2613,"end":2624},"obj":"GO:0006260"},{"id":"T841","span":{"begin":2718,"end":2732},"obj":"UBERON:0001728"},{"id":"T842","span":{"begin":2805,"end":2810},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T843","span":{"begin":2814,"end":2824},"obj":"CHEBI:33282;CHEBI:33282"},{"id":"T844","span":{"begin":2867,"end":2872},"obj":"UBERON:0002405"},{"id":"T845","span":{"begin":2893,"end":2904},"obj":"CL:0000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2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

    LitCovid-PubTator

    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prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Table 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}