PMC:7205724 / 17405-19470 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"599","span":{"begin":90,"end":95},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"613","span":{"begin":179,"end":184},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"614","span":{"begin":369,"end":383},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"615","span":{"begin":430,"end":451},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"616","span":{"begin":464,"end":483},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"617","span":{"begin":485,"end":511},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"618","span":{"begin":240,"end":260},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"619","span":{"begin":264,"end":293},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"620","span":{"begin":361,"end":367},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"621","span":{"begin":384,"end":393},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"622","span":{"begin":405,"end":423},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"623","span":{"begin":452,"end":462},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"624","span":{"begin":517,"end":536},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"625","span":{"begin":552,"end":562},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"633","span":{"begin":663,"end":672},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"634","span":{"begin":897,"end":905},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"635","span":{"begin":609,"end":617},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"636","span":{"begin":702,"end":711},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"637","span":{"begin":911,"end":918},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"638","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1044},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"639","span":{"begin":1128,"end":1136},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"642","span":{"begin":1199,"end":1207},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"643","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1221},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"651","span":{"begin":1250,"end":1258},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"652","span":{"begin":1628,"end":1636},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"653","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"654","span":{"begin":1377,"end":1383},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"655","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1482},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"656","span":{"begin":1570,"end":1588},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"657","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1272},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"661","span":{"begin":1812,"end":1819},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"662","span":{"begin":1869,"end":1878},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"663","span":{"begin":2013,"end":2021},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A599","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"599","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A613","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"613","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A614","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"614","obj":"Tax:10798"},{"id":"A615","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"615","obj":"Tax:1496"},{"id":"A616","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"616","obj":"Tax:1764"},{"id":"A617","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"617","obj":"Tax:1773"},{"id":"A618","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"618","obj":"MESH:D001327"},{"id":"A619","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"619","obj":"MESH:D000081207"},{"id":"A620","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"620","obj":"MESH:D018805"},{"id":"A621","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"621","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A622","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"622","obj":"MESH:D004660"},{"id":"A623","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"623","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A624","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"624","obj":"MESH:D009617"},{"id":"A625","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"625","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A633","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"633","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A634","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"634","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A635","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"635","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A636","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"636","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A637","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"637","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A638","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"638","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A639","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"639","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A642","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"642","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A643","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"643","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A651","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"651","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A652","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"652","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A654","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"654","obj":"MESH:D010100"},{"id":"A655","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"655","obj":"MESH:D008775"},{"id":"A656","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"656","obj":"MESH:D008775"},{"id":"A657","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"657","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A661","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"661","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A662","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"662","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A663","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"663","obj":"Tax:9606"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":17,"end":32},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":272,"end":280},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":425,"end":428},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":736,"end":741},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":818,"end":821},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":826,"end":829},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":961,"end":975},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":1326,"end":1336},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":1497,"end":1511},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":1601,"end":1615},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":1862,"end":1865},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":1956,"end":1959},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":1964,"end":1967},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A134","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T134","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A135","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T135","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A136","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T136","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A137","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T137","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"},{"id":"A138","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T138","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872"},{"id":"A139","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T139","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873"},{"id":"A140","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T140","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A141","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T141","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863"},{"id":"A142","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T142","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A143","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T143","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A144","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T144","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"id":"A145","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T145","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872"},{"id":"A146","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T146","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":736,"end":741},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A20","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":240,"end":260},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":264,"end":293},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":384,"end":393},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":405,"end":423},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":411,"end":423},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":430,"end":462},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":499,"end":511},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":517,"end":536},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":552,"end":565},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":566,"end":597},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":702,"end":711},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":911,"end":918},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1044},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":1128,"end":1136},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1221},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1272},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A123","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T123","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007179"},{"id":"A124","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T124","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015517"},{"id":"A125","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T125","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A126","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T126","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006009"},{"id":"A127","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T127","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019956"},{"id":"A128","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T128","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000705"},{"id":"A129","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T129","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018076"},{"id":"A130","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T130","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017776"},{"id":"A131","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T131","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A132","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T132","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015517"},{"id":"A133","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T133","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A134","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T134","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A135","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T135","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A136","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T136","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A137","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T137","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A138","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T138","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T217","span":{"begin":74,"end":75},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T218","span":{"begin":90,"end":95},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T219","span":{"begin":166,"end":167},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T220","span":{"begin":179,"end":184},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T221","span":{"begin":306,"end":309},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T222","span":{"begin":380,"end":383},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001798"},{"id":"T223","span":{"begin":405,"end":410},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T224","span":{"begin":649,"end":651},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192"},{"id":"T225","span":{"begin":719,"end":721},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507"},{"id":"T226","span":{"begin":849,"end":851},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192"},{"id":"T227","span":{"begin":855,"end":857},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527"},{"id":"T228","span":{"begin":887,"end":889},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527"},{"id":"T229","span":{"begin":1246,"end":1249},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050884"},{"id":"T230","span":{"begin":1421,"end":1422},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":649,"end":651},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":849,"end":851},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":1377,"end":1383},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":1448,"end":1462},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1482},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":1570,"end":1588},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A156","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T156","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803"},{"id":"A157","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T156","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793"},{"id":"A158","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T156","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425"},{"id":"A159","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T159","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803"},{"id":"A160","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T159","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793"},{"id":"A161","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T159","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425"},{"id":"A162","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T162","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805"},{"id":"A163","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T163","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A164","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T164","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888"},{"id":"A165","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T165","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-MedDRA","denotations":[{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":17,"end":32},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":961,"end":975},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1326,"end":1356},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1357,"end":1372},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1377,"end":1394},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1497,"end":1511},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1601,"end":1615},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A12","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10021496"},{"id":"A14","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10025256"},{"id":"A13","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10021496"},{"id":"A18","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10021496"},{"id":"A15","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10077710"},{"id":"A16","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10033316"},{"id":"A17","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10021496"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO","denotations":[{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":185,"end":193},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":251,"end":260},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000045"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":361,"end":367},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000636"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":384,"end":393},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000586"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":405,"end":410},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":452,"end":462},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000586"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":526,"end":536},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000586"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":552,"end":565},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000586"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":702,"end":711},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000586"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":782,"end":789},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000020"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":1300,"end":1308},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000020"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":1740,"end":1747},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":1377,"end":1383},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":1448,"end":1462},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1482},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":1570,"end":1588},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":1862,"end":1865},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A105","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888"},{"id":"A104","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T104","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A107","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697"},{"id":"A106","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888"},{"id":"A103","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T103","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon","denotations":[{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":90,"end":95},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":179,"end":184},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":361,"end":367},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T168","span":{"begin":369,"end":383},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T169","span":{"begin":395,"end":410},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T170","span":{"begin":425,"end":428},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T175","span":{"begin":430,"end":451},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T176","span":{"begin":464,"end":483},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T177","span":{"begin":485,"end":511},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T178","span":{"begin":517,"end":525},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T179","span":{"begin":663,"end":672},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T180","span":{"begin":911,"end":918},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T181","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1044},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T182","span":{"begin":1128,"end":1136},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T183","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1221},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T184","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1272},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T185","span":{"begin":1869,"end":1878},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A170","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T170","obj":"NCBItxid:57667"},{"id":"A171","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T170","obj":"NCBItxid:35274"},{"id":"A172","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T170","obj":"NCBItxid:12721"},{"id":"A173","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T170","obj":"NCBItxid:11709"},{"id":"A174","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T170","obj":"NCBItxid:11676"},{"id":"A184","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T184","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A177","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T177","obj":"NCBItxid:1773"},{"id":"A185","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T185","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A183","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T183","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A175","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T175","obj":"NCBItxid:1496"},{"id":"A179","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T179","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A176","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T176","obj":"NCBItxid:1764"},{"id":"A168","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T168","obj":"NCBItxid:10798"},{"id":"A178","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T178","obj":"NCBItxid:1817"},{"id":"A169","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T169","obj":"NCBItxid:11082"},{"id":"A180","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T180","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A181","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T181","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A166","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T166","obj":"NCBItxid:9606"},{"id":"A165","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T165","obj":"NCBItxid:9606"},{"id":"A182","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T182","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A167","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T167","obj":"NCBItxid:137507"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"NCBItxid","uri":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":0,"end":39},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":41,"end":106},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":107,"end":294},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":295,"end":603},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":604,"end":723},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":724,"end":919},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":920,"end":1045},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":1046,"end":1137},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":1139,"end":1221},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":1222,"end":1521},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":1522,"end":1701},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1833},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":1834,"end":2065},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":736,"end":741},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A20","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

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Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA","denotations":[{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":17,"end":32},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":272,"end":280},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":425,"end":428},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":736,"end":741},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":818,"end":821},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":826,"end":829},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":961,"end":975},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":1326,"end":1336},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":1497,"end":1511},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":1601,"end":1615},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":1862,"end":1865},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":1956,"end":1959},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":1964,"end":1967},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A137","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T137","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"},{"id":"A138","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T138","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872"},{"id":"A141","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T141","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863"},{"id":"A145","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T145","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872"},{"id":"A134","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T134","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A146","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T146","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873"},{"id":"A135","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T135","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A136","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T136","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683"},{"id":"A139","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T139","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873"},{"id":"A140","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T140","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A144","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T144","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"id":"A142","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T142","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A143","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T143","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":240,"end":260},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":264,"end":293},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":384,"end":393},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":405,"end":423},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":430,"end":462},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":499,"end":511},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":517,"end":536},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":552,"end":565},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":566,"end":597},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":702,"end":711},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":911,"end":918},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1044},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":1128,"end":1136},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1221},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1272},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A122","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T122","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006009"},{"id":"A119","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T119","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007179"},{"id":"A121","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T121","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A131","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T131","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A127","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T127","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015517"},{"id":"A130","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T130","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A132","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T132","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A120","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T120","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015517"},{"id":"A129","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T129","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A123","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T123","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000705"},{"id":"A128","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T128","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A124","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T124","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018076"},{"id":"A133","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T133","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A126","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T126","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A125","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T125","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017776"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":240,"end":260},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":361,"end":367},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":411,"end":423},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":542,"end":562},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":951,"end":982},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002383"},{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010702"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002719"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002960"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":0,"end":39},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":41,"end":106},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":107,"end":294},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":295,"end":603},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":604,"end":723},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":724,"end":919},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":920,"end":1045},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":1046,"end":1137},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":1139,"end":1221},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":1222,"end":1521},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":1522,"end":1701},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1833},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":1834,"end":2065},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":240,"end":260},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":361,"end":367},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":411,"end":423},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":542,"end":562},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":951,"end":982},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002960"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002383"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002719"},{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010702"}],"text":"4.2 Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)\n\n4.2.1 Hypothesis: IVIG contains a large pool of human antibodies\nIVIG is an immunomodulatory treatment currently useful for a variety of human diseases that share an idiopathic origin, ranging from autoimmune disorders to primary antibody deficiencies. Also, IVIG has shown promising results in case of severe (such as sepsis, Parvovirus B19 infection, West Nile virus encephalitis, HIV, Clostridium difficile infections, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia infections) and recurrent infections in primary antibodies deficiencies [21].\nMost patients develop antibodies against the NP and RBD of 2019-nCoV during the second week after infection onset [22]. Analysis of serum samples collected 14 or more days after symptom onset revealed detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against NP in 94% and 88% and RBD in 100% and 94% among patients with COVID19. Studies consistently show that increased immunoglobulin levels accompany the transition from early to late course of COVID19. It poses the possibility that IVIG therapy might help to accelerate recovery from COVID-19.\n\n4.2.2 Rationale: IVIG might help to improve the outcome of patients with COVID-19\nThe study [23] included ten patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated worsening symptoms, e.g., decreased lymphocyte count and decreased PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation, following treatment with a short-term moderate-dose corticosteroid (methylprednisolone 80 mg/d) plus immunoglobulin (10 g/d). After switching to the double dose of 1600 mg/d methylprednisolone plus 20 g/d immunoglobulin, all of the patients improved in the clinical, laboratory, and paraclinical outcomes.\nPassive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. Studies show that the viral RNA of 2019-nCoV reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day."}