PMC:7200337 / 84379-87514 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32505227-32272008-46575401","span":{"begin":2669,"end":2673},"obj":"32272008"},{"id":"32505227-32122468-46575402","span":{"begin":2730,"end":2734},"obj":"32122468"},{"id":"T29195","span":{"begin":2669,"end":2673},"obj":"32272008"},{"id":"T83732","span":{"begin":2730,"end":2734},"obj":"32122468"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T691","span":{"begin":141,"end":149},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T692","span":{"begin":206,"end":208},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T693","span":{"begin":431,"end":433},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T694","span":{"begin":639,"end":641},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T695","span":{"begin":1729,"end":1731},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T696","span":{"begin":2503,"end":2508},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T697","span":{"begin":2817,"end":2819},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A691","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T691","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A692","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T692","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284995"},{"id":"A693","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T693","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284995"},{"id":"A694","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T694","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284995"},{"id":"A695","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T695","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284995"},{"id":"A696","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T696","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A697","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T697","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284995"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":2503,"end":2508},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A94","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T94","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T484","span":{"begin":20,"end":28},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T485","span":{"begin":132,"end":136},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T486","span":{"begin":384,"end":392},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T487","span":{"begin":399,"end":407},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T488","span":{"begin":410,"end":419},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T489","span":{"begin":544,"end":552},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T490","span":{"begin":555,"end":564},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T491","span":{"begin":692,"end":696},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T492","span":{"begin":827,"end":831},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T493","span":{"begin":994,"end":1002},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T494","span":{"begin":1058,"end":1066},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T495","span":{"begin":1481,"end":1485},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T496","span":{"begin":2064,"end":2072},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T497","span":{"begin":2152,"end":2156},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T498","span":{"begin":2827,"end":2835},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A484","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T484","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A485","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T485","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A486","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T486","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A487","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T487","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A488","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T488","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A489","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T489","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A490","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T490","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A491","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T491","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A492","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T492","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A493","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T493","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A494","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T494","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A495","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T495","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A496","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T496","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A497","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T497","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A498","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T498","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T913","span":{"begin":72,"end":80},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T914","span":{"begin":291,"end":292},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T915","span":{"begin":328,"end":333},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T916","span":{"begin":335,"end":336},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T917","span":{"begin":508,"end":509},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T918","span":{"begin":666,"end":667},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T919","span":{"begin":1017,"end":1029},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245"},{"id":"T920","span":{"begin":1810,"end":1811},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T921","span":{"begin":2003,"end":2004},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T922","span":{"begin":2345,"end":2346},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T923","span":{"begin":2503,"end":2508},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T924","span":{"begin":3036,"end":3038},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507"},{"id":"T925","span":{"begin":3126,"end":3128},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T250","span":{"begin":82,"end":97},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":99,"end":102},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T252","span":{"begin":111,"end":119},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":206,"end":208},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":431,"end":433},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":639,"end":641},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":974,"end":989},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1093},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":1186,"end":1204},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T259","span":{"begin":1433,"end":1436},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":1499,"end":1517},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T261","span":{"begin":1642,"end":1645},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T262","span":{"begin":1729,"end":1731},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T263","span":{"begin":1740,"end":1745},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":1884,"end":1898},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T265","span":{"begin":2021,"end":2029},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T266","span":{"begin":2030,"end":2033},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T267","span":{"begin":2201,"end":2204},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T268","span":{"begin":2228,"end":2230},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T269","span":{"begin":2409,"end":2427},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T270","span":{"begin":2564,"end":2570},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T271","span":{"begin":2817,"end":2819},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T272","span":{"begin":3002,"end":3005},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T273","span":{"begin":3065,"end":3080},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A250","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T250","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A251","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T251","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A252","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T252","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809"},{"id":"A253","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T253","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73462"},{"id":"A254","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T254","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73462"},{"id":"A255","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T255","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73462"},{"id":"A256","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T256","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A257","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T257","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"A258","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T258","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888"},{"id":"A259","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T259","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A260","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T260","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888"},{"id":"A261","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T261","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A262","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T262","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73462"},{"id":"A263","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T263","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"A264","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T264","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A265","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T265","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809"},{"id":"A266","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T266","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A267","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T267","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A268","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T268","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33382"},{"id":"A269","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T269","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888"},{"id":"A270","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T270","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805"},{"id":"A271","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T271","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73462"},{"id":"A272","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T272","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"},{"id":"A273","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T273","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":141,"end":155},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":2521,"end":2526},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A49","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A50","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T195","span":{"begin":300,"end":315},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

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"obj":"Gene:6999"},{"id":"A2846","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2846","obj":"Gene:6999"},{"id":"A2847","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2847","obj":"Gene:6999"},{"id":"A2848","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2848","obj":"Gene:6999"},{"id":"A2849","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2849","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2850","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2850","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2851","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2851","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2852","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2852","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2853","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2853","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2854","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2854","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2855","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2855","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2856","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2856","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2857","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2857","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2858","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2858","obj":"MESH:D008775"},{"id":"A2859","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2859","obj":"MESH:D008775"},{"id":"A2860","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2860","obj":"MESH:D008775"},{"id":"A2861","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2861","obj":"MESH:D010100"},{"id":"A2862","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2862","obj":"MESH:D012128"},{"id":"A2863","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2863","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A2864","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2864","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A2865","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2865","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A2866","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2866","obj":"MESH:D012128"},{"id":"A2867","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2867","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A2868","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2868","obj":"MESH:D005334"},{"id":"A2869","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2869","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T481","span":{"begin":0,"end":36},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T482","span":{"begin":37,"end":156},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T483","span":{"begin":157,"end":334},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T484","span":{"begin":335,"end":507},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T485","span":{"begin":508,"end":725},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T486","span":{"begin":726,"end":873},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T487","span":{"begin":874,"end":1038},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T488","span":{"begin":1039,"end":1083},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T489","span":{"begin":1084,"end":1302},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T490","span":{"begin":1303,"end":1564},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T491","span":{"begin":1565,"end":1809},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T492","span":{"begin":1810,"end":2002},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T493","span":{"begin":2003,"end":2246},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T494","span":{"begin":2247,"end":2344},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T495","span":{"begin":2345,"end":2600},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T496","span":{"begin":2601,"end":2788},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T497","span":{"begin":2789,"end":2935},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T498","span":{"begin":2936,"end":3135},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy\nBecause of their anti-inflammatory activity, corticosteroids (CSs) are an adjuvant therapy for ARDS and cytokine storm. However, the broad immunosuppression mediated by CS does raise the possibility that treatment could interfere with the development of a proper immune response against the virus. A meta-analysis of 5,270 patients with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, or SARS-CoV-2 infection found that CS treatment was associated with higher mortality rate (Yang et al., 2020c). A more recent meta-analysis of only SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed 2,636 patients and found no mortality difference associated with CS treatment, including in a subset of patients with ARDS (Gangopadhyay et al., 2020). Other studies have reported associations with delayed viral clearance and increased complications in SARS and MERS patients (Sanders et al., 2020). In fact, the interim guidelines updated by the WHO on March 13, 2020 advise against giving systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 (World Health Organization, 2020a). Yet, new data from COVID-19 are conflicting.\nOne group reported no significant difference in time to viral clearance between patients who received methylprednisolone orally (mild disease) or intravenously (i.v.) (severe) and those who did not (Fang et al., 2020). Retrospective studies from groups in China report that patients who were transferred to the ICU were less likely to have received CSs (Wang et al., 2020b) and that patients with ARDS who received methylprednisolone had reduced mortality risk (Wu et al., 2020a). In contrast, another retrospective analysis found that patients who received CSs were more likely to have either been admitted to the ICU or perished, although the CS-treated group also had significantly more comorbidities (Wang et al., 2020c). A smaller observational study of 31 patients found no association between corticosteroid treatment and time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, or symptom duration (Zha et al., 2020). A larger study of adjuvant CSs in 244 patients with critical COVID-19 found no association with 28-day mortality; subgroup analysis of patients with ARDS found no association between treatment with CSs and clinical outcomes (Lu et al., 2020b). They also found that increased dosage was significantly associated with increased mortality risk. A retrospective review of 46 patients, of whom 26 received i.v. methylprednisolone, found that early, low-dose administration significantly improved SpO2 and chest CT, time to fever resolution, and time on supplemental oxygen therapy (Wang et al., 2020h). Others have published perspectives in support of early (Lee et al., 2020) and short-term, low-dose administration (Shang et al., 2020) based on anecdotal evidence but not clinical trials. Most of the current data on CS use in COVID-19 are from observational studies and support either modest clinical benefit or no meaningful effects. Larger RCTs are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of CSs for these patients; there are 22 trials evaluating various corticosteroids registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 27, 2020."}