PMC:7161517 / 4247-5889
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":475,"end":487},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":534,"end":549},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":551,"end":556},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":558,"end":569},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":571,"end":578},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":580,"end":588},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":594,"end":609},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":978,"end":991},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1220},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1241,"end":1251},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1283},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1298},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1559,"end":1569},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1584,"end":1595},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A9","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A10","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7409"},{"id":"A11","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma27360"},{"id":"A12","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A13","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63916"},{"id":"A14","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203"},{"id":"A15","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7206"},{"id":"A16","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7200"},{"id":"A17","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82754"},{"id":"A18","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A19","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739"},{"id":"A20","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199"},{"id":"A21","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203"},{"id":"A22","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62343"},{"id":"A23","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66835"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":49,"end":52},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":435,"end":438},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":534,"end":549},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":534,"end":538},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":539,"end":549},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":551,"end":569},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":551,"end":556},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":558,"end":569},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":580,"end":588},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":594,"end":609},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":600,"end":609},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1283},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1298},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1596,"end":1600},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A14","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018229"},{"id":"A15","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018229"},{"id":"A16","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002185"},{"id":"A17","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008946"},{"id":"A18","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A19","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000353"},{"id":"A20","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008307"},{"id":"A21","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A22","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986"},{"id":"A23","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002114"},{"id":"A24","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002108"},{"id":"A25","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160"},{"id":"A26","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160"},{"id":"A27","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"A28","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":289,"end":292},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1390,"end":1395},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A39","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T39","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008840"},{"id":"A40","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T40","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":341,"end":350},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":448,"end":449},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":466,"end":474},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002185"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":534,"end":538},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":534,"end":538},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":551,"end":556},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":551,"end":556},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":551,"end":556},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":551,"end":556},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":558,"end":569},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":571,"end":578},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":571,"end":578},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":571,"end":578},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":594,"end":609},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002108"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":624,"end":625},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":682,"end":683},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":769,"end":775},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":800,"end":803},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":804,"end":805},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1170,"end":1171},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1172,"end":1174},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":1211,"end":1212},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1283},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1283},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1298},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1298},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1298},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":1327,"end":1328},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":1520,"end":1521},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1558},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":1596,"end":1600},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":0,"end":11},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":49,"end":52},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":110,"end":121},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":161,"end":163},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":172,"end":181},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":240,"end":242},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":278,"end":280},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":435,"end":438},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":475,"end":487},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":724,"end":738},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":728,"end":738},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":902,"end":904},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":947,"end":958},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":976,"end":991},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":978,"end":991},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1220},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":1241,"end":1251},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":1241,"end":1246},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":1247,"end":1251},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A43","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T43","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2719"},{"id":"A44","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63620"},{"id":"A45","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433"},{"id":"A46","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A47","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46761"},{"id":"A48","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A49","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A50","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63620"},{"id":"A51","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A52","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35457"},{"id":"A53","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A54","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A55","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433"},{"id":"A56","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17295"},{"id":"A57","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29997"},{"id":"A58","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58095"},{"id":"A59","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28044"},{"id":"A60","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A61","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709"},{"id":"A62","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882"},{"id":"A63","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":341,"end":358},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007165"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":341,"end":350},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1396,"end":1404},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1396,"end":1404},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1396,"end":1404},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1396,"end":1404},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1507,"end":1516},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":0,"end":31},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":32,"end":132},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":133,"end":203},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":204,"end":304},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":305,"end":439},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":440,"end":615},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":616,"end":744},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":745,"end":866},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":867,"end":997},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":998,"end":1118},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1119,"end":1307},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1308,"end":1537},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1538,"end":1642},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1390,"end":1395},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB
{"project":"LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB","denotations":[{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":0,"end":22},"obj":"PG_10"},{"id":"T118","span":{"begin":23,"end":31},"obj":"PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":99,"end":104},"obj":"PR:000013883"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":110,"end":123},"obj":"PR:000036008"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":125,"end":130},"obj":"PR:000036008"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":133,"end":136},"obj":"CHEBI:37886;CHEBI:37886;PR:000036008"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":137,"end":138},"obj":"PR:000036008;CHEBI:16382;CHEBI:16382"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":142,"end":153},"obj":"GO:0008152"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":157,"end":160},"obj":"CHEBI:37886;CHEBI:37886"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":236,"end":242},"obj":"PR:000036009"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":274,"end":280},"obj":"PR:000036009"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":319,"end":323},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":440,"end":444},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":466,"end":474},"obj":"GO:0016020"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":475,"end":487},"obj":"CHEBI:17089;BV_11;CHEBI:17089"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":493,"end":502},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"UBERON:0002185"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":534,"end":549},"obj":"UBERON:0008946"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":551,"end":556},"obj":"UBERON:0008307"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":558,"end":569},"obj":"UBERON:0008307"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":571,"end":578},"obj":"UBERON:0002113"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":580,"end":588},"obj":"UBERON:0002114"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":600,"end":609},"obj":"UBERON:0002108"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":616,"end":620},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":659,"end":666},"obj":"SO:0000853"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":697,"end":701},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":728,"end":738},"obj":"CHEBI:35222;CHEBI:35222"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":786,"end":793},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":795,"end":799},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":823,"end":829},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":890,"end":894},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":898,"end":904},"obj":"PR:000036009"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":928,"end":936},"obj":"MOP:0000780"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":947,"end":960},"obj":"PR:000036013"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":964,"end":969},"obj":"PR:000036013"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":1019,"end":1023},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":1032,"end":1037},"obj":"PR:000036008"},{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":1039,"end":1045},"obj":"PR:000004135"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":1148,"end":1154},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1162},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":1185,"end":1193},"obj":"SO:0000853"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":1199,"end":1209},"obj":"PR:000016422"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1283},"obj":"UBERON:0000160"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1298},"obj":"UBERON:0002113"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":1367,"end":1373},"obj":"PR:000001279"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":1413,"end":1416},"obj":"PR:000000134"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":1446,"end":1450},"obj":"PR:000003622;G_3;PG_10"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":1538,"end":1542},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":1559,"end":1569},"obj":"PR:000004978"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":1570,"end":1576},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":1584,"end":1595},"obj":"GO:0005737"},{"id":"T45363","span":{"begin":403,"end":407},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T60689","span":{"begin":417,"end":421},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T27389","span":{"begin":427,"end":433},"obj":"PR:000036009"},{"id":"T28823","span":{"begin":459,"end":463},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T40619","span":{"begin":484,"end":488},"obj":"PR:000000104"},{"id":"T48796","span":{"begin":492,"end":496},"obj":"PR:000009197"},{"id":"T17022","span":{"begin":497,"end":502},"obj":"PR:000002089"},{"id":"T32537","span":{"begin":508,"end":511},"obj":"PR:000045382;GO:0000187"},{"id":"T9224","span":{"begin":512,"end":521},"obj":"GO:0000165"},{"id":"T33582","span":{"begin":590,"end":596},"obj":"PR:000036009"},{"id":"T84252","span":{"begin":605,"end":615},"obj":"UBERON:0002349"},{"id":"T53574","span":{"begin":730,"end":734},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T46680","span":{"begin":735,"end":739},"obj":"PR:000036013"},{"id":"T39192","span":{"begin":753,"end":763},"obj":"GO:0065007"},{"id":"T26804","span":{"begin":768,"end":778},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T20064","span":{"begin":818,"end":823},"obj":"PR:000000134"},{"id":"T15398","span":{"begin":846,"end":850},"obj":"PR:000001393"},{"id":"T8292","span":{"begin":852,"end":860},"obj":"CL:0000576;PR:000002122"},{"id":"T65564","span":{"begin":861,"end":886},"obj":"PR:000002122"},{"id":"T59008","span":{"begin":892,"end":920},"obj":"PR:000000046"},{"id":"T45631","span":{"begin":924,"end":932},"obj":"UBERON:0000948"},{"id":"T9280","span":{"begin":940,"end":944},"obj":"UBERON:0002048"},{"id":"T93124","span":{"begin":955,"end":964},"obj":"UBERON:0002048"},{"id":"T11843","span":{"begin":1056,"end":1062},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T96445","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1067},"obj":"PR:000036013"},{"id":"T35230","span":{"begin":1070,"end":1073},"obj":"PR:000001563"},{"id":"T22891","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1104},"obj":"GO:0065007"},{"id":"T24013","span":{"begin":1121,"end":1134},"obj":"PR:000036008"},{"id":"T33081","span":{"begin":1136,"end":1141},"obj":"PR:000036008"},{"id":"T91867","span":{"begin":1147,"end":1152},"obj":"PR:000013883"},{"id":"T97324","span":{"begin":1154,"end":1159},"obj":"PR:000036008"},{"id":"T69975","span":{"begin":1176,"end":1182},"obj":"PR:000036009"},{"id":"T54028","span":{"begin":1235,"end":1245},"obj":"MOP:0000619"},{"id":"T57012","span":{"begin":1246,"end":1256},"obj":"CHEBI:3165;CHEBI:3165"},{"id":"T52135","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1284},"obj":"CHEBI:25212;CHEBI:25212"},{"id":"T38693","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1350},"obj":"PR:000036009"},{"id":"T22665","span":{"begin":1367,"end":1373},"obj":"PR:000036009"},{"id":"T71601","span":{"begin":1413,"end":1424},"obj":"CHEBI:27584;CHEBI:27584"},{"id":"T2211","span":{"begin":1444,"end":1459},"obj":"UBERON:0001236"},{"id":"T65489","span":{"begin":1504,"end":1512},"obj":"UBERON:0002198"},{"id":"T91280","span":{"begin":1514,"end":1525},"obj":"CHEBI:27584;CHEBI:27584"},{"id":"T15577","span":{"begin":1536,"end":1544},"obj":"GO:0016020"},{"id":"T79802","span":{"begin":1545,"end":1549},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T96225","span":{"begin":1550,"end":1560},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T26369","span":{"begin":1562,"end":1572},"obj":"UBERON:0001986;PR:000006897"},{"id":"T89251","span":{"begin":1572,"end":1574},"obj":"PR:000006897"},{"id":"T83262","span":{"begin":1584,"end":1597},"obj":"PR:000036013"},{"id":"T85112","span":{"begin":1601,"end":1605},"obj":"PR:000036013"},{"id":"T54914","span":{"begin":1613,"end":1626},"obj":"GO:0005576"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"151","span":{"begin":0,"end":29},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"161","span":{"begin":99,"end":104},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"162","span":{"begin":110,"end":123},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"163","span":{"begin":125,"end":130},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"164","span":{"begin":236,"end":242},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"165","span":{"begin":319,"end":323},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"166","span":{"begin":133,"end":138},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"167","span":{"begin":80,"end":95},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"168","span":{"begin":199,"end":202},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"169","span":{"begin":157,"end":160},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"191","span":{"begin":440,"end":444},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"192","span":{"begin":616,"end":620},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"193","span":{"begin":668,"end":671},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"194","span":{"begin":697,"end":701},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"195","span":{"begin":724,"end":727},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"196","span":{"begin":795,"end":799},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"197","span":{"begin":890,"end":894},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"198","span":{"begin":898,"end":904},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"199","span":{"begin":964,"end":970},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"200","span":{"begin":1019,"end":1023},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"201","span":{"begin":1032,"end":1037},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"202","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1162},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"203","span":{"begin":1199,"end":1209},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"204","span":{"begin":1367,"end":1373},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"205","span":{"begin":1390,"end":1437},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"206","span":{"begin":1439,"end":1443},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"207","span":{"begin":1446,"end":1450},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"208","span":{"begin":1538,"end":1542},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"209","span":{"begin":754,"end":757},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"210","span":{"begin":1559,"end":1569},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"211","span":{"begin":976,"end":991},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A151","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"151","obj":"Gene:1636"},{"id":"A161","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"161","obj":"Gene:5972"},{"id":"A162","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"162","obj":"Gene:183"},{"id":"A163","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"163","obj":"Gene:183"},{"id":"A164","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"164","obj":"Gene:183"},{"id":"A165","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"165","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A166","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"166","obj":"Gene:183"},{"id":"A167","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"167","obj":"Gene:183"},{"id":"A168","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"168","obj":"Gene:1636"},{"id":"A169","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"169","obj":"Gene:283"},{"id":"A191","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"191","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A192","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"192","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A193","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"193","obj":"Gene:1636"},{"id":"A194","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"194","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A195","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"195","obj":"Gene:1636"},{"id":"A196","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"196","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A197","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"197","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A198","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"198","obj":"Gene:183"},{"id":"A199","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"199","obj":"Gene:284"},{"id":"A200","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"200","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A201","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"201","obj":"Gene:183"},{"id":"A202","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"202","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A203","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"203","obj":"Gene:57393"},{"id":"A204","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"204","obj":"Gene:6868"},{"id":"A205","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"205","obj":"Gene:6868"},{"id":"A206","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"206","obj":"Gene:6868"},{"id":"A207","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"207","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A208","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"208","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A209","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"209","obj":"Gene:1636"},{"id":"A210","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"210","obj":"Gene:801"},{"id":"A211","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"211","obj":"MESH:D010649"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32305401-29217510-55252919","span":{"begin":244,"end":245},"obj":"29217510"},{"id":"32305401-10773230-55252920","span":{"begin":247,"end":248},"obj":"10773230"},{"id":"32305401-8307637-55252921","span":{"begin":250,"end":251},"obj":"8307637"},{"id":"32305401-24309898-55252922","span":{"begin":611,"end":613},"obj":"24309898"},{"id":"32305401-15283675-55252923","span":{"begin":740,"end":742},"obj":"15283675"},{"id":"32305401-1649623-55252924","span":{"begin":859,"end":861},"obj":"1649623"},{"id":"32305401-2849100-55252925","span":{"begin":862,"end":864},"obj":"2849100"},{"id":"32305401-11931993-55252926","span":{"begin":993,"end":995},"obj":"11931993"},{"id":"32305401-11815627-55252927","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1116},"obj":"11815627"},{"id":"32305401-18424768-55252928","span":{"begin":1303,"end":1305},"obj":"18424768"},{"id":"32305401-15983030-55252929","span":{"begin":1481,"end":1483},"obj":"15983030"},{"id":"32305401-18070603-55252930","span":{"begin":1638,"end":1640},"obj":"18070603"}],"text":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2\nClassically, the RAS involves the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin into angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang I is metabolized to Ang II via the dipeptide carboxypeptidase ACE. The pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II (7, 8, 9) are mediated through Ang II type I (AT1) receptors. Recently, the ACE2 receptor and its signaling pathway were identified as an important counter regulatory mechanism to the classic RAS.\nACE2 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein (15) expressed predominantly in the bronchus, lung parenchyma, heart, endothelium, kidneys, duodenum, and small intestine (16). ACE2 is a monocarboxypeptidase, unlike its homolog, ACE, which is a dipeptidase; ACE2 is not antagonized by ACE inhibitors (17). Although ACE contains 2 active catalytic domains, ACE2 has a single catalytic domain with 42% identical residues (18,19). The major substrate of ACE2 is Ang II, which upon C-terminus cleavage, produces angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) and L-phenylalanine (20). Other substrates for ACE2 include Ang I, apelin-13, and dynorphin-13, which are catalyzed at much lower affinities (21). The non-catalytic C-terminal domain of ACE2 shares a 48% sequence homology with collectrin, a protein involved in neutral amino acid reabsorption from the intestine and the kidney (22,23). In the presence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), also known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α−converting enzyme (TACE), ACE2 exhibits ectodomain shedding (24), which results in the formation of a soluble enzyme. ACE2 also contains a calmodulin domain on its cytoplasmic tail that influences ectodomain shedding (25)."}