PMC:7152911 / 30160-31309
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7152911","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7152911","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7152911","text":"2.1.2 Ceramic electrodes\nConducting and semiconducting ceramics, including indium tin oxide (ITO), polysilicon, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have also been examined for pathogen detection. For example, Das et al. used a silicon electrode for Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) detection (Das et al. 2009). Barreiros dos Santos et al. developed an antibody-functionalized ITO electrode for the detection of E. coliwith a dynamic range of 10–106 CFU/mL (Barreiros dos Santos et al. 2015). In addition to high conductivity, ITO is transparent, which presents various measurement advantages, including the ability to accurately correlate biosensor response with pathogen surface coverage (Aydın and Sezgintürk, 2017; Yang and Li, 2005). Transparent electrodes also enable in situ verification of target binding via microscopic techniques and offer compatibility with optical approaches, such as those based on optical stimulation (Wenzel et al. 2018). Carbon electrodes based on various allotropes of carbon, such as graphite and glass-like carbon, can also be classified as ceramic materials due to their mechanical properties (e.g., brittleness).","divisions":[{"label":"label","span":{"begin":0,"end":5}},{"label":"title","span":{"begin":7,"end":25}}],"tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"857","span":{"begin":453,"end":455},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"858","span":{"begin":242,"end":264},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"859","span":{"begin":266,"end":280},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"860","span":{"begin":76,"end":92},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"861","span":{"begin":94,"end":97},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"862","span":{"begin":100,"end":111},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"863","span":{"begin":117,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"864","span":{"begin":135,"end":139},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"865","span":{"begin":220,"end":227},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"866","span":{"begin":953,"end":959},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"867","span":{"begin":1002,"end":1008},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"868","span":{"begin":1018,"end":1026},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"869","span":{"begin":1042,"end":1048},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A857","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"857","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A858","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"858","obj":"Tax:90371"},{"id":"A859","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"859","obj":"Tax:90371"},{"id":"A860","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"860","obj":"MESH:C109984"},{"id":"A861","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"861","obj":"MESH:C109984"},{"id":"A863","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"863","obj":"MESH:C009495"},{"id":"A865","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"865","obj":"MESH:D012825"},{"id":"A866","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"866","obj":"MESH:D002244"},{"id":"A867","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"867","obj":"MESH:D002244"},{"id":"A868","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"868","obj":"MESH:D006108"},{"id":"A869","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"869","obj":"MESH:D002244"},{"subj":"857","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"858","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"859","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"860","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"861","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"862","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"863","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"864","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"865","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"866","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"867","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"868","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"869","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T74288","span":{"begin":352,"end":360},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A55222","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T74288","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"subj":"T74288","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T3745","span":{"begin":218,"end":219},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T93634","span":{"begin":423,"end":424},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T95133","span":{"begin":727,"end":729},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001022"},{"id":"T38522","span":{"begin":727,"end":729},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007314"},{"id":"T84213","span":{"begin":946,"end":950},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T3745","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T93634","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T95133","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T38522","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T84213","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T534","span":{"begin":76,"end":82},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T535","span":{"begin":83,"end":92},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T536","span":{"begin":83,"end":86},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T538","span":{"begin":87,"end":92},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T540","span":{"begin":117,"end":133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T541","span":{"begin":117,"end":125},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T542","span":{"begin":135,"end":139},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T543","span":{"begin":220,"end":227},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T544","span":{"begin":727,"end":729},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T545","span":{"begin":953,"end":959},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T546","span":{"begin":1002,"end":1008},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T548","span":{"begin":1018,"end":1026},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T550","span":{"begin":1042,"end":1048},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A534","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T534","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30430"},{"id":"A535","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T535","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52990"},{"id":"A536","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T536","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27007"},{"id":"A537","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T536","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32990"},{"id":"A538","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T538","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741"},{"id":"A539","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T538","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356"},{"id":"A540","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T540","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32234"},{"id":"A541","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T541","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33341"},{"id":"A542","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T542","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32234"},{"id":"A543","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T543","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27573"},{"id":"A544","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T544","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30145"},{"id":"A545","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T545","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594"},{"id":"A546","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T546","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594"},{"id":"A547","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T546","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415"},{"id":"A548","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T548","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33418"},{"id":"A549","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T548","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36977"},{"id":"A550","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T550","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594"},{"id":"A551","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T550","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415"},{"subj":"T534","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T535","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T536","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T538","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T540","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T541","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T542","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T543","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T544","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T545","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T546","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T548","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T550","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T249","span":{"begin":0,"end":25},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T250","span":{"begin":26,"end":188},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":189,"end":303},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T252","span":{"begin":304,"end":310},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":311,"end":484},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":485,"end":491},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":492,"end":737},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":738,"end":945},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":946,"end":952},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":953,"end":1149},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T249","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T250","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T251","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T252","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T253","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T254","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T255","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T256","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T257","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T258","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32364936-19477111-7712977","span":{"begin":304,"end":308},"obj":"19477111"},{"id":"32364936-25460610-7712978","span":{"begin":485,"end":489},"obj":"25460610"},{"id":"32364936-15590296-7712979","span":{"begin":731,"end":735},"obj":"15590296"},{"id":"32364936-29610519-7712980","span":{"begin":946,"end":950},"obj":"29610519"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"32364936-19477111-7712977","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"32364936-25460610-7712978","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"32364936-15590296-7712979","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"32364936-29610519-7712980","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#93ebec","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#ecd293"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#b893ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#93ec9e"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#ec93a1"},{"id":"2_test","color":"#93bbec"}]}]}}