PMC:7152911 / 127114-131265 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1964 1092-1098 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1965 1149-1157 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
1972 277-283 Chemical denotes Carbon MESH:D002244
1973 308-316 Chemical denotes graphite MESH:D006108
1974 318-326 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
1975 539-545 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1976 659-666 Chemical denotes polymer MESH:D011108
1977 736-741 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
1982 2999-3007 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1983 3672-3679 Chemical denotes lactate MESH:D019344
1984 3681-3688 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
1985 3836-3851 Disease denotes skin irritation MESH:D012871

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T38 1337-1342 Body_part denotes tooth http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12516
T39 1343-1349 Body_part denotes enamel http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55629
T40 2227-2232 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498
T41 2589-2593 Body_part denotes skin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7163
T42 2952-2963 Body_part denotes body fluids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma280556
T43 2952-2956 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T44 2973-2978 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T45 2983-2988 Body_part denotes sweat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12275
T46 3681-3688 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T47 3836-3840 Body_part denotes skin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7163
T48 3894-3900 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T49 3972-3982 Body_part denotes body fluid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma280556

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T32 1343-1349 Body_part denotes enamel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001752
T33 2227-2232 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T34 2589-2593 Body_part denotes skin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014
T35 2973-2978 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T36 2983-2988 Body_part denotes sweat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001089
T37 3836-3840 Body_part denotes skin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014
T38 3894-3900 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T156 151-152 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T157 182-187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T158 269-275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T159 365-366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T160 816-817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T161 847-848 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T162 1043-1044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T163 1132-1133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T164 1395-1401 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T165 1417-1422 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T166 1521-1527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T167 1778-1781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T168 1932-1938 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T169 1977-1980 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T170 1992-1993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T171 2122-2125 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T172 2227-2232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organ
T173 2337-2341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T174 2574-2581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objects
T175 2589-2593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014 denotes skin
T176 2589-2593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001003 denotes skin
T177 2589-2593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002097 denotes skin
T178 2589-2593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002199 denotes skin
T179 2589-2593 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000962 denotes skin
T180 2632-2633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T181 2670-2675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T182 2697-2704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes devices
T183 2836-2843 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes devices
T184 2907-2914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes devices
T185 2952-2963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006314 denotes body fluids
T186 2973-2978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T187 2973-2978 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T188 3157-3158 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T189 3179-3186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes devices
T190 3289-3290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T191 3418-3421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T192 3528-3531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T193 3836-3840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014 denotes skin
T194 3836-3840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001003 denotes skin
T195 3836-3840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002097 denotes skin
T196 3836-3840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002199 denotes skin
T197 3836-3840 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000962 denotes skin
T198 3854-3860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T199 3972-3982 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006314 denotes body fluid

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T14051 277-283 Chemical denotes Carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594
T27933 308-316 Chemical denotes graphite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33418|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36977
T17305 318-326 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T32717 539-545 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T41390 659-666 Chemical denotes polymer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33839|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60027
T52285 918-924 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T92009 1092-1098 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T88468 1149-1157 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T7407 2800-2811 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T69404 3653-3662 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T128 3672-3679 Chemical denotes lactate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24996
T15076 3681-3688 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T5183 3745-3756 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T8 1395-1412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signal processing
T9 3972-3993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007589 denotes body fluid secretions
T10 4010-4019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1020 0-74 Sentence denotes 5.1 Emerging electrode materials, fabrication processes, and form factors
T1021 75-188 Sentence denotes The ability to create robust, low-cost biosensors for pathogen detection is a significant challenge in the field.
T1022 189-276 Sentence denotes One of the primary methods of reducing cost is decreasing the material cost per device.
T1023 277-381 Sentence denotes Carbon-based electrodes (e.g., graphite, graphene, CNTs), such as those shown in Fig. 7 a (Afonso et al.
T1024 382-407 Sentence denotes 2016) and 7b (Wang et al.
T1025 408-524 Sentence denotes 2013), are now being examined as potential alternatives to relatively more expensive metallic or ceramic electrodes.
T1026 525-647 Sentence denotes Many of these carbon-based materials are also nanoscale in structure, and thus offer advantages regarding nanostructuring.
T1027 648-783 Sentence denotes Similarly, polymer-based electrodes have also been examined as low-cost alternatives to metal electrodes as described in Section 2.1.3.
T1028 784-953 Sentence denotes For example, Afonso et al. used a home craft cutter printer as a highly accessible means of fabricating high quantities of disposable carbon-based sensors (Afonso et al.
T1029 954-960 Sentence denotes 2016).
T1030 961-1124 Sentence denotes Fig. 7 State-of-the-art developments in electrochemical biosensors for pathogens. a) Low-cost, flexible, disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (Afonso et al.
T1031 1125-1181 Sentence denotes 2016). b) Free-standing graphene electrodes (Wang et al.
T1032 1182-1284 Sentence denotes 2013). c) Paper-based substrates for pathogen detection using electrochemical methods (Bhardwaj et al.
T1033 1285-1365 Sentence denotes 2017). d) Wearable wireless bacterial biosensor for tooth enamel (Mannoor et al.
T1034 1366-1467 Sentence denotes 2012). e) Smartphone-enabled signal processing for field-based environmental monitoring (Jiang et al.
T1035 1468-1474 Sentence denotes 2014).
T1036 1475-1608 Sentence denotes In addition to reducing the material cost per device, efforts to reduce the manufacturing cost of biosensors have also been examined.
T1037 1609-1689 Sentence denotes 3D printing processes have emerged as popular methods for biosensor fabrication.
T1038 1690-1765 Sentence denotes For example, 3D printing is compatible with flexible and curved substrates.
T1039 1766-1949 Sentence denotes 3D printing has also been used for the fabrication of various components of electrochemical biosensors, such as electrodes, substrates, fluid handling components, or device packaging.
T1040 1950-2080 Sentence denotes In particular, 3D printing has emerged as a useful fabrication platform for microfluidic-based analytical platforms (Waheed et al.
T1041 2081-2087 Sentence denotes 2016).
T1042 2088-2201 Sentence denotes For example, to date, 3D printing has enabled the fabrication of electrode-integrated microfluidics (Erkal et al.
T1043 2202-2271 Sentence denotes 2014), 3D microfluidics, organ-conforming microfluidics (Singh et al.
T1044 2272-2336 Sentence denotes 2017a), and transducer-integrated microfluidics (Cesewski et al.
T1045 2337-2343 Sentence denotes 2018).
T1046 2344-2507 Sentence denotes Thus, 3D printing may serve as an important fabrication platform for the creation of wearable microfluidic-based electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection.
T1047 2508-2676 Sentence denotes The ability to quantify the level of pathogens on the surfaces of objects (e.g., skin, food, and medical equipment) remains a present challenge in the biosensing field.
T1048 2677-2795 Sentence denotes Wearable biomedical devices have emerged as promising tools for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics and health monitoring.
T1049 2796-2897 Sentence denotes The application constraints of wearable devices require them to be lightweight and simple to operate.
T1050 2898-3108 Sentence denotes Wearable devices can provide continuous monitoring of body fluids, such as blood and sweat, allowing patients to obtain real-time bioanalytical information without the inconvenience of facility-based screening.
T1051 3109-3280 Sentence denotes To date, biosensors have been incorporated into a variety of wearable devices, including contact lenses, clothing, bandages, rings, and tattoos (Bandodkar and Wang, 2014).
T1052 3281-3384 Sentence denotes This is a rapidly emerging area linked to smartphone technology for biosensor actuation and monitoring.
T1053 3385-3570 Sentence denotes The rise of flexible electronics has also contributed to the success of incorporating electrochemical biosensors into flexible textiles, which has enhanced their wearability (Rim et al.
T1054 3571-3577 Sentence denotes 2016).
T1055 3578-3779 Sentence denotes Although most wearable electrochemical biosensors are used to detect small molecules, such as lactate, glucose, or electrolytes, there is increasing interest in their application to pathogen detection.
T1056 3780-3935 Sentence denotes Challenges include biocompatibility (e.g., reduction of skin irritation), device power consumption, and biosensor-tissue mechanical and geometric matching.
T1057 3936-4143 Sentence denotes Because of the small sample size of body fluid secretions and the need to transport the sample to the electrode surface, microfluidic formats are now emerging for wearable bioanalytical systems (Singh et al.
T1058 4144-4151 Sentence denotes 2017a).

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32364936-26695279-7713178 382-386 26695279 denotes 2016
32364936-23811484-7713179 408-412 23811484 denotes 2013
32364936-26695279-7713180 954-958 26695279 denotes 2016
32364936-26695279-7713181 1125-1129 26695279 denotes 2016
32364936-23811484-7713182 1182-1186 23811484 denotes 2013
32364936-22453836-7713183 1366-1370 22453836 denotes 2012
32364936-27146365-7713184 2081-2085 27146365 denotes 2016
32364936-24763966-7713185 2202-2206 24763966 denotes 2014
32364936-29897358-7713187 2337-2341 29897358 denotes 2018
32364936-24853270-7713188 3274-3278 24853270 denotes 2014
32364936-26898945-7713189 3571-3575 26898945 denotes 2016