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PMC:7152526 / 9949-16949 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
253 477-485 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
254 491-499 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
257 788-796 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
258 94-113 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
259 360-379 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
260 683-692 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
261 779-787 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
268 1074-1082 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
269 845-864 Chemical denotes lopinavir/ritonavir MESH:C558899
270 869-887 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
271 910-915 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
272 936-945 Disease denotes hypoxemia MESH:D000860
273 1028-1032 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
280 1610-1618 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
281 1193-1211 Chemical denotes methylprednisolone MESH:D008775
282 1660-1678 Chemical denotes Methylprednisolone MESH:D008775
283 1468-1476 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
284 1533-1542 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
285 1654-1658 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
300 2021-2029 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
301 2376-2384 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
302 2483-2491 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
303 2412-2430 Chemical denotes methylprednisolone MESH:D008775
304 1942-1946 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
305 2041-2049 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
306 2097-2109 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
307 2149-2168 Disease denotes MERS-CoV infections MESH:D018352
308 2247-2258 Disease denotes lung damage MESH:D008171
309 2346-2350 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
310 2355-2360 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
311 2367-2375 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
312 2473-2478 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
313 2503-2507 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
316 3038-3053 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
317 3207-3215 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
320 3551-3561 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
321 3634-3639 Disease denotes COVID MESH:C000657245
329 4101-4109 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
330 4164-4172 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
331 4282-4290 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
332 3972-3980 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
333 4020-4028 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
334 4220-4228 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
335 4326-4330 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
345 4455-4462 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
346 4751-4759 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
347 5007-5015 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
348 4470-4481 Disease denotes lymphopenia MESH:D008231
349 4772-4790 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
350 4795-4799 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
351 4820-4831 Disease denotes lymphopenia MESH:D008231
352 4975-4995 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
353 5017-5028 Disease denotes lymphopenia MESH:D008231
360 5409-5417 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
361 5910-5920 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
362 5466-5475 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
363 5692-5696 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
364 5815-5824 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
365 5842-5850 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
368 6177-6184 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
369 6305-6313 Chemical denotes steroids MESH:D013256
376 6489-6497 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
377 6580-6588 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
378 6991-6999 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
379 6522-6530 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
380 6531-6540 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
381 6982-6990 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T70 52-58 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T71 239-245 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T72 413-419 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T73 629-635 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T74 725-731 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T75 1053-1059 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T76 1115-1120 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T77 1253-1259 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T78 1728-1734 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T79 1925-1931 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T80 1967-1975 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T81 2064-2072 Body_part denotes alveolar http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264783
T82 2247-2251 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T83 2618-2626 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T84 2656-2662 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T85 2757-2767 Body_part denotes Antibodies http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T86 2798-2804 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T87 2957-2965 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T88 3216-3220 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T89 3325-3331 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T90 3399-3405 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T91 3607-3613 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T92 3656-3662 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T93 3941-3947 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T94 4391-4397 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T95 4590-4596 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T96 4624-4634 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T97 4919-4929 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T98 5158-5168 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T99 5241-5247 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T100 5282-5290 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T101 5320-5326 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T102 5328-5334 Body_part denotes Plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T103 5358-5366 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T104 5486-5492 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T105 5594-5600 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T106 5642-5645 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T107 5753-5759 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T108 5897-5900 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T109 5978-5984 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T110 6229-6235 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T111 6370-6376 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T112 6381-6389 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T113 6477-6483 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T114 6841-6847 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T115 6960-6966 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T23 1115-1120 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T24 2085-2092 Body_part denotes exudate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007780
T25 2247-2251 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T26 6047-6052 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T66 94-104 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T67 360-370 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T68 517-526 Disease denotes avian flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018695
T69 523-526 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T70 533-541 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T71 779-787 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T72 1028-1032 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T73 1468-1476 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T74 1654-1658 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T75 1942-1946 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T76 2041-2049 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T77 2097-2109 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T78 2140-2144 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T79 2158-2168 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T80 2346-2350 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T81 2367-2375 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T82 2503-2507 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T83 3038-3053 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T84 3044-3053 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T85 3551-3559 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T86 3972-3980 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T87 4020-4028 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T88 4220-4228 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T89 4326-4330 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T90 4470-4481 Disease denotes lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003783
T91 4772-4780 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T92 4781-4790 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T93 4795-4799 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T94 4820-4831 Disease denotes lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003783
T95 4975-4983 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T96 4986-4995 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T97 5002-5006 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T98 5017-5028 Disease denotes lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003783
T99 5466-5475 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T100 5815-5824 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T101 5842-5850 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T102 5910-5918 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T103 6522-6530 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T104 6531-6540 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T105 6982-6990 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T111 52-58 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T112 74-75 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T113 239-245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T114 253-254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T115 413-419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T116 420-423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T117 452-453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T118 544-545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T119 629-635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T120 642-643 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T121 725-731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T122 739-740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T123 1053-1059 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T124 1115-1120 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T125 1253-1259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T126 1337-1338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T127 1728-1734 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T128 1925-1931 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T129 2220-2221 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T130 2247-2251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T131 2247-2251 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T132 2508-2510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T133 2656-2662 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T134 2683-2684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T135 2798-2804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T136 2819-2826 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T137 2836-2842 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T138 3216-3220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T139 3325-3331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T140 3399-3405 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T141 3607-3613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T142 3656-3662 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T143 3686-3688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T144 3941-3947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T145 4253-4254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T146 4391-4397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T147 4590-4596 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T148 4849-4851 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T149 4996-4998 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T150 5241-5247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T151 5320-5326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T152 5328-5334 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes Plasma
T153 5486-5492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T154 5508-5509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T155 5525-5532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test is
T156 5594-5600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T157 5723-5724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T158 5744-5748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T159 5753-5759 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T160 5901-5905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T161 5978-5984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T162 6229-6235 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T163 6370-6376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T164 6477-6483 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T165 6841-6847 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T166 6960-6966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T55 149-160 Chemical denotes antibiotics http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T56 162-178 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T57 845-864 Chemical denotes lopinavir/ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924
T58 845-854 Chemical denotes lopinavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781
T59 855-864 Chemical denotes ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409
T60 869-887 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T61 1193-1211 Chemical denotes methylprednisolone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888
T62 1299-1314 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T63 1401-1416 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T64 1585-1600 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T65 1866-1880 Chemical denotes corticosteroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T66 2195-2210 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T67 2412-2430 Chemical denotes methylprednisolone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6888
T68 2520-2535 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T69 2737-2751 Chemical denotes corticosteroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T70 3511-3525 Chemical denotes corticosteroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T71 4548-4562 Chemical denotes corticosteroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T72 5585-5590 Chemical denotes donor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17891
T73 6284-6300 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T74 6305-6313 Chemical denotes steroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341
T75 6663-6678 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858
T76 6759-6774 Chemical denotes corticosteroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T13 1991-2007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T14 2097-2109 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T15 2266-2288 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammatory responses
T16 2571-2587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T17 2618-2637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002377 denotes antibody production
T18 2989-3005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T19 3038-3053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T20 6734-6755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammatory response

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T90 0-10 Sentence denotes DISCUSSION
T91 11-797 Sentence denotes The study of the therapeutic benefits of plasma transfusion of a cured person from infectious diseases began in the 20th century.2 As new antibiotics, antiviral agents, and vaccines are developed, administration of convalescent plasma is not a common treatment, but it can be still an important treatment in the absence of specific treatment of new infectious diseases.3 Over the decades, convalescent plasma has proved its effectiveness as a potential treatment in patients with MERS-CoV,4 H1N15 and H5N1 avian flu,5 and SARS-CoV.6 A systemic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical effects of convalescent plasma shows a statistically significant reduction of mortality.1 In this context, convalescent plasma can be a promising treatment option for severe COVID-19 patients.
T92 798-1033 Sentence denotes As can be seen in the two cases, both received lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine but showed persistent fever, rapidly aggravated hypoxemia and progressive bilateral infiltrations in accordance with the criteria of severe ARDS.
T93 1034-1180 Sentence denotes After convalescent plasma infusion, the patients showed improved oxygenation and chest X-rays with decreased inflammatory markers and viral loads.
T94 1181-1283 Sentence denotes Intravenous methylprednisolone was started just before the convalescent plasma infusion in both cases.
T95 1284-1357 Sentence denotes We did not use corticosteroids from the beginning as a routine treatment.
T96 1358-1659 Sentence denotes Current guidelines recommend that systemic corticosteroids should not be given routinely for the treatment of COVID-19 due to the lack of evidence of its clinical efficacy on mortality reduction.78 However, we decided to start corticosteroids when the patients' condition rapidly deteriorated to ARDS.
T97 1660-1779 Sentence denotes Methylprednisolone was administered one day and two days before the plasma infusion in case 1 and case 2, respectively.
T98 1780-1941 Sentence denotes Serial laboratory and oxygenation parameters showed rapid improvement right after the corticosteroid administration even before the convalescent plasma infusion.
T99 1942-2642 Sentence denotes ARDS is partly caused by cytokine storm and host immune responses.7 Autopsy of patients dying from COVID-19 shows diffuse alveolar damage with exudate and inflammation very similar to those seen in SARS and MERS-CoV infections.9 Theoretically, systemic corticosteroids may have a role to dampen excessive lung damage due to inflammatory responses.10 The recent article about risk factors associated with ARDS and death among COVID-19 patients showed that treatment with methylprednisolone might be beneficial to reduce the risk of death for patients developing ARDS.11 However, corticosteroids are also thought to inhibit proper immune responses and viral clearance and delay antibody production.1213
T100 2643-2756 Sentence denotes Convalescent plasma infusion might play a role in the coexistence of benefits and concerns of corticosteroid use.
T101 2757-3054 Sentence denotes Antibodies contained in the convalescent plasma will suppress viruses.14 In an animal study, passively transferred antibodies can provide total protection as well as the maintenance of high levels of antibody titer until the host's immune responses could be increased to clear the viral infection.
T102 3055-3233 Sentence denotes Besides, in vivo studies showed that the effects of neutralizing antibodies were not only limited to viral clearance, but also included acceleration of infected cell clearance.15
T103 3234-3406 Sentence denotes In our cases, the viral load estimated by Ct values showed an increasing trend just before plasma infusion but began to decrease right after the use of convalescent plasma.
T104 3407-3642 Sentence denotes Although improvement of inflammatory marker and oxygenation could be contributed to the combined use of corticosteroid, decreased viral load of SARS-CoV-2 might mean the effectiveness of convalescent plasma in the treatment of COVID-2.
T105 3643-3767 Sentence denotes Convalescent plasma was administered after 22 days from the onset of symptoms in Case 1, and 7 days in Case 2, respectively.
T106 3768-3981 Sentence denotes Because these are not in the early phase of the disease, it is difficult to determine clearly that the decrease in the viral load shown in both cases is due to convalescent plasma or natural pathology of COVID-19.
T107 3982-4439 Sentence denotes Other studies about viral kinetics of COVID-19 show naturally reducing viral titers after 7–10 days from onset in most patients.1617 However, Liu and colleagues reported that severe patients requiring intensive care unit admission due to COVID-19 had high viral load for a longer period than in mild patients.16 Both our cases presented severe ARDS and the viral loads were in increasing trend at the time of plasma infusion regardless of the date of onset.
T108 4440-4567 Sentence denotes In Case 2, the patient showed lymphopenia from day 1, and it persisted even after clinical improvement with corticosteroid use.
T109 4568-4750 Sentence denotes When the convalescent plasma was administered on day 6, lymphocyte count immediately rose to normal level (from 0.52 × 103/µL to 1.21 × 103/µL) and then remained in the normal range.
T110 4751-5248 Sentence denotes Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS also presented with lymphopenia in other studies.11 Some authors hypothesized that continuous and gradual increases in lymphocyte count might be required for immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.11 In SARS patients, lymphopenia existed at the onset of illness and persisted until the recovery period.1819 These findings were consistent with the recovery of lymphocyte count with clinical improvement of Case 2 after the use of convalescent plasma.
T111 5249-5327 Sentence denotes We could not assess neutralizing antibody titers from the convalescent plasma.
T112 5328-5601 Sentence denotes Plasma with high neutralizing antibody titers is likely to be available from the patients in the convalescent phase recovered from severe infection.20 To use plasma for treatment, a neutralization test is suggested as the optimal assay for assessing proper donor or plasma.
T113 5602-5921 Sentence denotes However, some studies showed that ELISA IgG correlates well with neutralization titers in MERS cases so that it might be a suitable screening test for plasma donation.2021 In our cases, donors presented bilateral pneumonia in the course of COVID-19 and both showed positive results in the ELISA IgG test for SARS-CoV-2.
T114 5922-5985 Sentence denotes There are still limitations for the use of convalescent plasma.
T115 5986-6122 Sentence denotes Scientific evidence is insufficient due to the lack of large-scale clinical trials that may be representative of the target populations.
T116 6123-6206 Sentence denotes Second, the number of antibodies administered to each patient was not standardized.
T117 6207-6415 Sentence denotes Finally, convalescent plasma usually proceeds with other treatments, such as antiviral agents and steroids, which can affect the relationship between convalescent plasma and antibody, confounding the results.
T118 6416-6632 Sentence denotes Despite the limitations, our cases suggest that convalescent plasma from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infection might be an additional option to treat patients without causing any severe adverse effects.
T119 6633-6863 Sentence denotes Also, when used with systemic corticosteroids, we might expect the possibility of reducing excessive inflammatory response by corticosteroids as well as promoting the reduction of viral loads by convalescent plasma simultaneously.
T120 6864-7000 Sentence denotes Further well-designed studies are needed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma transfusion in COVID-19 patients.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T27 910-915 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T28 936-945 Phenotype denotes hypoxemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012418
T29 1967-1981 Phenotype denotes cytokine storm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041
T30 2056-2079 Phenotype denotes diffuse alveolar damage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033006
T31 4470-4481 Phenotype denotes lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001888
T32 4781-4790 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T33 4820-4831 Phenotype denotes lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001888
T34 5017-5028 Phenotype denotes lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001888
T35 5459-5475 Phenotype denotes severe infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032169
T36 5815-5824 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090

LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T155 52-58 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T156 82-88 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T157 149-160 CHEBI:33282;CHEBI:33282 denotes antibiotics
T158 162-178 CHEBI:22587;CHEBI:22587 denotes antiviral agents
T159 239-245 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T160 413-419 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T161 491-499 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T162 517-522 NCBITaxon:8782 denotes avian
T163 533-541 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T164 629-635 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T165 725-731 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T166 779-787 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T167 845-854 CHEBI:31781;DG_23;CHEBI:31781 denotes lopinavir
T168 855-864 CHEBI:85129;DG_30;CHEBI:85129 denotes ritonavir
T169 869-887 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T170 1053-1059 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T171 1115-1120 UBERON:0001443 denotes chest
T172 1168-1173 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T173 1193-1211 CHEBI:12071;DG_36;CHEBI:12071 denotes methylprednisolone
T174 1253-1259 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T175 1299-1314 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T176 1401-1416 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T177 1468-1476 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T178 1585-1600 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T179 1660-1678 CHEBI:12071;DG_36;CHEBI:12071 denotes Methylprednisolone
T180 1728-1734 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T181 1802-1813 GO:0015671 denotes oxygenation
T182 1866-1880 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroid
T183 1925-1931 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T184 1986-1990 GO:0006955 denotes host
T185 1991-1997 UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 denotes immune
T186 1998-2007 GO:0006955 denotes responses
T187 2030-2035 GO:0016265 denotes dying
T188 2041-2049 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T189 2064-2072 UBERON:0003215 denotes alveolar
T190 2140-2144 SP_10 denotes SARS
T191 2149-2157 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T192 2195-2210 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T193 2247-2251 UBERON:0002048 denotes lung
T194 2355-2360 GO:0016265 denotes death
T195 2367-2375 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T196 2412-2430 CHEBI:12071;CHEBI:12071;DG_36 denotes methylprednisolone
T197 2473-2478 GO:0016265 denotes death
T198 2520-2535 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T199 2571-2577 UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 denotes immune
T200 2578-2587 GO:0006955 denotes responses
T201 2592-2597 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T202 2618-2626 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T203 2656-2662 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T204 2737-2751 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroid
T205 2757-2767 GO:0042571 denotes Antibodies
T206 2798-2804 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T207 2819-2826 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T208 2836-2842 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T209 2872-2882 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T210 2957-2965 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T211 2989-2995 UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 denotes immune
T212 2996-3005 GO:0006955 denotes responses
T213 3038-3043 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T214 3120-3130 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T215 3156-3161 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T216 3216-3230 GO:0043277 denotes cell clearance
T217 3252-3257 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T218 3325-3331 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T219 3399-3405 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T220 3455-3466 GO:0015671 denotes oxygenation
T221 3511-3525 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroid
T222 3537-3542 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T223 3551-3561 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T224 3607-3613 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T225 3656-3662 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T226 3887-3892 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T227 3941-3947 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T228 3972-3980 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T229 4002-4007 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T230 4020-4028 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T231 4053-4058 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T232 4220-4228 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T233 4238-4243 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T234 4339-4344 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T235 4391-4397 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T236 4548-4562 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroid
T237 4590-4596 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T238 4624-4634 CL:0000542 denotes lymphocyte
T239 4772-4780 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T240 4919-4929 CL:0000542 denotes lymphocyte
T241 4975-4985 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T242 5002-5006 SP_10 denotes SARS
T243 5158-5168 CL:0000542 denotes lymphocyte
T244 5241-5247 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T245 5282-5290 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T246 5320-5326 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T247 5328-5334 UBERON:0001969 denotes Plasma
T248 5358-5366 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T249 5486-5492 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T250 5594-5600 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T251 5642-5645 GO:0071735 denotes IgG
T252 5692-5696 SP_9 denotes MERS
T253 5753-5759 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T254 5842-5850 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T255 5897-5900 GO:0071735 denotes IgG
T256 5910-5920 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T257 5978-5984 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T258 6145-6155 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T259 6229-6235 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T260 6284-6300 CHEBI:22587;CHEBI:22587 denotes antiviral agents
T261 6305-6313 CHEBI:35341;CHEBI:35341 denotes steroids
T262 6370-6376 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T263 6381-6389 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T264 6477-6483 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T265 6522-6530 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T266 6663-6678 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T267 6759-6774 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T268 6813-6818 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T269 6841-6847 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T270 6960-6966 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T271 6982-6990 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T86665 52-58 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T82883 82-88 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T27917 149-160 CHEBI:33282;CHEBI:33282 denotes antibiotics
T94308 162-178 CHEBI:22587;CHEBI:22587 denotes antiviral agents
T56891 239-245 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T13338 413-419 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T60045 491-499 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T87030 517-522 NCBITaxon:8782 denotes avian
T82296 533-541 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T99683 629-635 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T46152 725-731 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T27695 779-787 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T12582 845-854 CHEBI:31781;DG_23;CHEBI:31781 denotes lopinavir
T54446 855-864 CHEBI:85129;DG_30;CHEBI:85129 denotes ritonavir
T28469 869-887 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T69920 1053-1059 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T56794 1115-1120 UBERON:0001443 denotes chest
T76541 1168-1173 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T59087 1193-1211 CHEBI:12071;DG_36;CHEBI:12071 denotes methylprednisolone
T61915 1253-1259 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T22369 1299-1314 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T92091 1401-1416 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T75918 1468-1476 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T7421 1585-1600 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T38192 1660-1678 CHEBI:12071;DG_36;CHEBI:12071 denotes Methylprednisolone
T27705 1728-1734 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T67820 1802-1813 GO:0015671 denotes oxygenation
T2089 1866-1880 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroid
T94547 1925-1931 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T68477 1986-1990 GO:0006955 denotes host
T55539 1991-1997 UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 denotes immune
T22786 1998-2007 GO:0006955 denotes responses
T25583 2030-2035 GO:0016265 denotes dying
T55988 2041-2049 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T79826 2064-2072 UBERON:0003215 denotes alveolar
T57306 2140-2144 SP_10 denotes SARS
T3184 2149-2157 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T54921 2195-2210 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T21093 2247-2251 UBERON:0002048 denotes lung
T29291 2355-2360 GO:0016265 denotes death
T4496 2367-2375 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T53841 2412-2430 CHEBI:12071;CHEBI:12071;DG_36 denotes methylprednisolone
T58357 2473-2478 GO:0016265 denotes death
T43791 2520-2535 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T62514 2571-2577 UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 denotes immune
T33507 2578-2587 GO:0006955 denotes responses
T90943 2592-2597 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T36924 2618-2626 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T41598 2656-2662 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T39712 2737-2751 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroid
T68804 2757-2767 GO:0042571 denotes Antibodies
T39079 2798-2804 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T86950 2819-2826 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T83855 2836-2842 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T18671 2872-2882 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T59535 2957-2965 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T13727 2989-2995 UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 denotes immune
T33085 2996-3005 GO:0006955 denotes responses
T77556 3038-3043 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T43247 3120-3130 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T64800 3156-3161 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T6672 3216-3230 GO:0043277 denotes cell clearance
T90318 3252-3257 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T59987 3325-3331 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T81206 3399-3405 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T88060 3455-3466 GO:0015671 denotes oxygenation
T65282 3511-3525 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroid
T94831 3537-3542 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T84530 3551-3561 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T12842 3607-3613 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T95402 3656-3662 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T8322 3887-3892 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T62615 3941-3947 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T49747 3972-3980 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T50635 4002-4007 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T91356 4020-4028 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T61838 4053-4058 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T41295 4220-4228 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T2926 4238-4243 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T14304 4339-4344 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T11465 4391-4397 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T27123 4548-4562 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroid
T82689 4590-4596 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T44282 4624-4634 CL:0000542 denotes lymphocyte
T32395 4772-4780 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T52489 4919-4929 CL:0000542 denotes lymphocyte
T25060 4975-4985 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T81679 5002-5006 SP_10 denotes SARS
T83063 5158-5168 CL:0000542 denotes lymphocyte
T38082 5241-5247 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T85552 5282-5290 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T1891 5320-5326 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T69186 5328-5334 UBERON:0001969 denotes Plasma
T43298 5358-5366 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T92507 5486-5492 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T90576 5594-5600 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T45061 5642-5645 GO:0071735 denotes IgG
T26296 5692-5696 SP_9 denotes MERS
T34988 5753-5759 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T25662 5842-5850 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T24845 5897-5900 GO:0071735 denotes IgG
T47464 5910-5920 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T70069 5978-5984 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T12503 6145-6155 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T97864 6229-6235 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T81580 6284-6300 CHEBI:22587;CHEBI:22587 denotes antiviral agents
T90909 6305-6313 CHEBI:35341;CHEBI:35341 denotes steroids
T12148 6370-6376 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T76341 6381-6389 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T31952 6477-6483 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T56557 6522-6530 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T11836 6663-6678 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T92146 6759-6774 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes corticosteroids
T78664 6813-6818 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T21512 6841-6847 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T78481 6960-6966 UBERON:0001969 denotes plasma
T93841 6982-6990 SP_7 denotes COVID-19

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32281317-26674811-61647283 140-141 26674811 denotes 2
32281317-21248066-61647284 505-507 21248066 denotes 15
32281317-21248066-61647285 527-528 21248066 denotes 5
32281317-15214887-61647286 542-543 15214887 denotes 6
32281317-25030060-61647287 693-694 25030060 denotes 1
32281317-32043983-61647288 1553-1554 32043983 denotes 7
32281317-32043983-61647289 2008-2009 32043983 denotes 7
32281317-12777656-61647290 2289-2291 12777656 denotes 10
32281317-29161116-61647291 2638-2640 29161116 denotes 12
32281317-15494274-61647292 2638-2642 15494274 denotes 1213
32281317-32113510-61647293 2827-2829 32113510 denotes 14
32281317-27199430-61647294 3231-3233 27199430 denotes 15
32281317-32074444-61647295 4110-4114 32074444 denotes 1617
32281317-16043521-61647296 5101-5103 16043521 denotes 18
32281317-14767818-61647297 5101-5105 14767818 denotes 1819
32281317-29923831-61647298 5769-5773 29923831 denotes 2021