PMC:7128678 / 21027-22204 JSONTXT

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    LitCovid-PubTator

    {"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"618","span":{"begin":347,"end":378},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"619","span":{"begin":380,"end":385},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"620","span":{"begin":867,"end":868},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"621","span":{"begin":390,"end":400},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"622","span":{"begin":330,"end":342},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"623","span":{"begin":639,"end":650},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"624","span":{"begin":687,"end":692},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"625","span":{"begin":739,"end":751},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"626","span":{"begin":768,"end":779},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"627","span":{"begin":1040,"end":1051},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"628","span":{"begin":1098,"end":1103},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"629","span":{"begin":1142,"end":1153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"630","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1176},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"631","span":{"begin":902,"end":911},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"637","span":{"begin":75,"end":76},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"638","span":{"begin":64,"end":74},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"639","span":{"begin":168,"end":174},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"640","span":{"begin":272,"end":284},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"641","span":{"begin":289,"end":301},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A618","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"618","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A619","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"619","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A620","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"620","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A621","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"621","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A622","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"622","obj":"MESH:D005732"},{"id":"A623","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"623","obj":"MESH:D005732"},{"id":"A624","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"624","obj":"MESH:D008055"},{"id":"A625","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"625","obj":"MESH:D005732"},{"id":"A626","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"626","obj":"MESH:D002784"},{"id":"A627","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"627","obj":"MESH:D005732"},{"id":"A628","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"628","obj":"MESH:D008055"},{"id":"A629","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"629","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A630","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"630","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A631","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"631","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A637","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"637","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A638","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"638","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A640","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"640","obj":"MESH:D012794"},{"id":"A641","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"641","obj":"MESH:D005732"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Such a dual receptor model, consistent with the topology of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, is proposed in Fig. 8 . With this model in mind, the potential effects of CLQ and CLQ-OH were studied, both of which, according to the molecular modelling data, have a high affinity for sialic acids and gangliosides.\nFig. 8 Dual recognition of gangliosides and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The viral protein displays two distinct domains, the tips of which are available for distinct types of interactions. The receptor-binding domain binds to the ACE-2 receptor, and the N-terminal domain (NTD) binds to the ganglioside-rich domain of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts, which are membrane domains enriched in gangliosides (in yellow) and cholesterol (in blue), provide a perfect attractive interface for adequately positioning the viral S protein at the first step of the infection process. These structural and molecular modelling studies suggest that amino acid residues 111–162 of the NTD form a functional ganglioside-binding domain, the interaction of which with lipid rafts can be efficiently prevented by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine."}

    LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

    {"project":"LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB","denotations":[{"id":"T449","span":{"begin":64,"end":74},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T450","span":{"begin":75,"end":84},"obj":"PG_1"},{"id":"T451","span":{"begin":272,"end":284},"obj":"CHEBI:26667;CHEBI:26667"},{"id":"T452","span":{"begin":289,"end":301},"obj":"CHEBI:30563;CHEBI:30563"},{"id":"T453","span":{"begin":330,"end":342},"obj":"CHEBI:5386;CHEBI:5386"},{"id":"T454","span":{"begin":347,"end":378},"obj":"PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T455","span":{"begin":380,"end":385},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T456","span":{"begin":390,"end":394},"obj":"PR:000014459;SP_7"},{"id":"T457","span":{"begin":394,"end":400},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T458","span":{"begin":424,"end":429},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T459","span":{"begin":460,"end":467},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T460","span":{"begin":558,"end":564},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T461","span":{"begin":578,"end":583},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T462","span":{"begin":613,"end":619},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T463","span":{"begin":639,"end":650},"obj":"CHEBI:16856;CHEBI:16856"},{"id":"T464","span":{"begin":656,"end":662},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T465","span":{"begin":670,"end":685},"obj":"GO:0005886"},{"id":"T466","span":{"begin":687,"end":692},"obj":"CHEBI:18059;CHEBI:18059;GO:0045121"},{"id":"T467","span":{"begin":693,"end":698},"obj":"GO:0045121"},{"id":"T468","span":{"begin":710,"end":718},"obj":"GO:0016020"},{"id":"T469","span":{"begin":719,"end":726},"obj":"GO:0044425"},{"id":"T470","span":{"begin":739,"end":751},"obj":"CHEBI:5386;CHEBI:5386"},{"id":"T471","span":{"begin":768,"end":779},"obj":"CHEBI:16113;CHEBI:16113"},{"id":"T472","span":{"begin":861,"end":866},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T473","span":{"begin":867,"end":876},"obj":"PG_1"},{"id":"T474","span":{"begin":1040,"end":1051},"obj":"CHEBI:5386;CHEBI:5386"},{"id":"T475","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1066},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T476","span":{"begin":1098,"end":1103},"obj":"CHEBI:18059;CHEBI:18059;GO:0045121"},{"id":"T477","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1109},"obj":"GO:0045121"},{"id":"T478","span":{"begin":1142,"end":1153},"obj":"CHEBI:3638;CHEBI:3638;DG_10"},{"id":"T479","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1176},"obj":"CHEBI:5801;CHEBI:5801;DG_20"}],"text":"Such a dual receptor model, consistent with the topology of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, is proposed in Fig. 8 . With this model in mind, the potential effects of CLQ and CLQ-OH were studied, both of which, according to the molecular modelling data, have a high affinity for sialic acids and gangliosides.\nFig. 8 Dual recognition of gangliosides and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The viral protein displays two distinct domains, the tips of which are available for distinct types of interactions. The receptor-binding domain binds to the ACE-2 receptor, and the N-terminal domain (NTD) binds to the ganglioside-rich domain of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts, which are membrane domains enriched in gangliosides (in yellow) and cholesterol (in blue), provide a perfect attractive interface for adequately positioning the viral S protein at the first step of the infection process. These structural and molecular modelling studies suggest that amino acid residues 111–162 of the NTD form a functional ganglioside-binding domain, the interaction of which with lipid rafts can be efficiently prevented by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine."}

    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":77,"end":84},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":289,"end":301},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":330,"end":342},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":411,"end":418},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":430,"end":437},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":639,"end":650},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":670,"end":685},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":687,"end":692},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":739,"end":751},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":869,"end":876},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":983,"end":993},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":1040,"end":1051},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":1098,"end":1103},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A129","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T129","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A130","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T130","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816"},{"id":"A131","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T131","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816"},{"id":"A132","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T132","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A133","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T133","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A134","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T134","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816"},{"id":"A135","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T135","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841"},{"id":"A136","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T136","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264"},{"id":"A137","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T137","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816"},{"id":"A138","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T138","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A139","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T139","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739"},{"id":"A140","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T140","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816"},{"id":"A141","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T141","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264"}],"text":"Such a dual receptor model, consistent with the topology of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, is proposed in Fig. 8 . With this model in mind, the potential effects of CLQ and CLQ-OH were studied, both of which, according to the molecular modelling data, have a high affinity for sialic acids and gangliosides.\nFig. 8 Dual recognition of gangliosides and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The viral protein displays two distinct domains, the tips of which are available for distinct types of interactions. The receptor-binding domain binds to the ACE-2 receptor, and the N-terminal domain (NTD) binds to the ganglioside-rich domain of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts, which are membrane domains enriched in gangliosides (in yellow) and cholesterol (in blue), provide a perfect attractive interface for adequately positioning the viral S protein at the first step of the infection process. These structural and molecular modelling studies suggest that amino acid residues 111–162 of the NTD form a functional ganglioside-binding domain, the interaction of which with lipid rafts can be efficiently prevented by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":64,"end":72},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":390,"end":398},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":621,"end":624},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":902,"end":911},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":1018,"end":1021},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A91","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T91","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A92","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T92","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A93","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T93","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008449"},{"id":"A94","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T93","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018075"},{"id":"A95","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T95","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A96","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008449"},{"id":"A97","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018075"}],"text":"Such a dual receptor model, consistent with the topology of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, is proposed in Fig. 8 . With this model in mind, the potential effects of CLQ and CLQ-OH were studied, both of which, according to the molecular modelling data, have a high affinity for sialic acids and gangliosides.\nFig. 8 Dual recognition of gangliosides and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The viral protein displays two distinct domains, the tips of which are available for distinct types of interactions. The receptor-binding domain binds to the ACE-2 receptor, and the N-terminal domain (NTD) binds to the ganglioside-rich domain of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts, which are membrane domains enriched in gangliosides (in yellow) and cholesterol (in blue), provide a perfect attractive interface for adequately positioning the viral S protein at the first step of the infection process. These structural and molecular modelling studies suggest that amino acid residues 111–162 of the NTD form a functional ganglioside-binding domain, the interaction of which with lipid rafts can be efficiently prevented by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":5,"end":6},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":252,"end":253},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":670,"end":676},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969"},{"id":"T168","span":{"begin":677,"end":685},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T169","span":{"begin":710,"end":718},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T170","span":{"begin":799,"end":800},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T171","span":{"begin":983,"end":1002},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33708"},{"id":"T172","span":{"begin":983,"end":1002},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000036907"},{"id":"T173","span":{"begin":1007,"end":1010},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001002"},{"id":"T174","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1028},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Such a dual receptor model, consistent with the topology of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, is proposed in Fig. 8 . With this model in mind, the potential effects of CLQ and CLQ-OH were studied, both of which, according to the molecular modelling data, have a high affinity for sialic acids and gangliosides.\nFig. 8 Dual recognition of gangliosides and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The viral protein displays two distinct domains, the tips of which are available for distinct types of interactions. The receptor-binding domain binds to the ACE-2 receptor, and the N-terminal domain (NTD) binds to the ganglioside-rich domain of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts, which are membrane domains enriched in gangliosides (in yellow) and cholesterol (in blue), provide a perfect attractive interface for adequately positioning the viral S protein at the first step of the infection process. These structural and molecular modelling studies suggest that amino acid residues 111–162 of the NTD form a functional ganglioside-binding domain, the interaction of which with lipid rafts can be efficiently prevented by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T494","span":{"begin":77,"end":84},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T495","span":{"begin":272,"end":284},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T496","span":{"begin":279,"end":284},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T497","span":{"begin":289,"end":301},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T498","span":{"begin":330,"end":342},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T499","span":{"begin":347,"end":358},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T500","span":{"begin":411,"end":418},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T501","span":{"begin":430,"end":437},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T502","span":{"begin":639,"end":650},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T503","span":{"begin":687,"end":692},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T504","span":{"begin":739,"end":751},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T505","span":{"begin":768,"end":779},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T506","span":{"begin":869,"end":876},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T507","span":{"begin":983,"end":993},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T508","span":{"begin":983,"end":988},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T509","span":{"begin":989,"end":993},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T510","span":{"begin":1040,"end":1051},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T511","span":{"begin":1098,"end":1103},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T512","span":{"begin":1142,"end":1153},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T513","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1176},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A494","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T494","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A495","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T495","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A496","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T496","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A497","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T497","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892"},{"id":"A498","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T498","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892"},{"id":"A499","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T499","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433"},{"id":"A500","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T500","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A501","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T501","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A502","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T502","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892"},{"id":"A503","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T503","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059"},{"id":"A504","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T504","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892"},{"id":"A505","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T505","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16113"},{"id":"A506","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T506","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A507","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T507","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709"},{"id":"A508","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T508","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882"},{"id":"A509","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T509","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A510","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T510","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892"},{"id":"A511","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T511","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059"},{"id":"A512","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T512","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A513","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T513","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801"}],"text":"Such a dual receptor model, consistent with the topology of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, is proposed in Fig. 8 . With this model in mind, the potential effects of CLQ and CLQ-OH were studied, both of which, according to the molecular modelling data, have a high affinity for sialic acids and gangliosides.\nFig. 8 Dual recognition of gangliosides and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The viral protein displays two distinct domains, the tips of which are available for distinct types of interactions. The receptor-binding domain binds to the ACE-2 receptor, and the N-terminal domain (NTD) binds to the ganglioside-rich domain of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts, which are membrane domains enriched in gangliosides (in yellow) and cholesterol (in blue), provide a perfect attractive interface for adequately positioning the viral S protein at the first step of the infection process. These structural and molecular modelling studies suggest that amino acid residues 111–162 of the NTD form a functional ganglioside-binding domain, the interaction of which with lipid rafts can be efficiently prevented by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T177","span":{"begin":0,"end":109},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T178","span":{"begin":110,"end":302},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T179","span":{"begin":303,"end":419},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T180","span":{"begin":420,"end":536},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T181","span":{"begin":537,"end":686},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T182","span":{"begin":687,"end":920},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T183","span":{"begin":921,"end":1177},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Such a dual receptor model, consistent with the topology of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, is proposed in Fig. 8 . With this model in mind, the potential effects of CLQ and CLQ-OH were studied, both of which, according to the molecular modelling data, have a high affinity for sialic acids and gangliosides.\nFig. 8 Dual recognition of gangliosides and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The viral protein displays two distinct domains, the tips of which are available for distinct types of interactions. The receptor-binding domain binds to the ACE-2 receptor, and the N-terminal domain (NTD) binds to the ganglioside-rich domain of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts, which are membrane domains enriched in gangliosides (in yellow) and cholesterol (in blue), provide a perfect attractive interface for adequately positioning the viral S protein at the first step of the infection process. These structural and molecular modelling studies suggest that amino acid residues 111–162 of the NTD form a functional ganglioside-binding domain, the interaction of which with lipid rafts can be efficiently prevented by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine."}