PMC:7105881 / 16155-17597
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"555","span":{"begin":268,"end":290},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"556","span":{"begin":292,"end":296},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"557","span":{"begin":406,"end":410},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"558","span":{"begin":754,"end":758},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"559","span":{"begin":981,"end":985},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"560","span":{"begin":1120,"end":1124},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"561","span":{"begin":1386,"end":1390},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"562","span":{"begin":0,"end":8},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"563","span":{"begin":135,"end":143},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"564","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"565","span":{"begin":250,"end":258},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"566","span":{"begin":388,"end":396},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"567","span":{"begin":441,"end":449},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"568","span":{"begin":454,"end":462},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"569","span":{"begin":594,"end":602},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"570","span":{"begin":658,"end":666},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"571","span":{"begin":731,"end":739},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"572","span":{"begin":834,"end":842},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"573","span":{"begin":975,"end":980},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"574","span":{"begin":1050,"end":1054},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"575","span":{"begin":1062,"end":1066},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"576","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1119},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"577","span":{"begin":1232,"end":1235},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"578","span":{"begin":1249,"end":1254},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"579","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1331},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"580","span":{"begin":871,"end":875},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"581","span":{"begin":890,"end":894},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"582","span":{"begin":935,"end":939},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"583","span":{"begin":959,"end":963},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"584","span":{"begin":74,"end":82},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"585","span":{"begin":925,"end":927},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A555","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"555","obj":"Gene:1803"},{"id":"A556","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"556","obj":"Gene:1803"},{"id":"A557","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"557","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A558","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"558","obj":"Gene:1803"},{"id":"A559","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"559","obj":"Gene:1803"},{"id":"A560","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"560","obj":"Gene:1803"},{"id":"A561","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"561","obj":"Gene:1803"},{"id":"A562","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"562","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A563","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"563","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A564","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"564","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A565","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"565","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A566","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"566","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A567","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"567","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A568","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"568","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A569","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"569","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A570","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"570","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A571","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"571","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A572","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"572","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A573","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"573","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A574","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"574","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A575","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"575","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A576","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"576","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A577","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"577","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A578","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"578","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A579","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"579","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A580","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"580","obj":"Tax:694007"},{"id":"A581","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"581","obj":"Tax:290028"},{"id":"A582","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"582","obj":"Tax:694007"},{"id":"A583","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"583","obj":"Tax:290028"},{"id":"A584","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"584","obj":"Tax:694009"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"MERS-CoV RBD shares a structure similar to that of the homology domain of SARS-CoV (Wang et al., 2013). However, antibodies induced by SARS-CoV RBD have no cross-reactivity and/or cross-neutralizing activity to MERS-CoV (Du et al., 2013b). Moreover, MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a receptor through the RBD (CTD) region (Raj et al., 2013), which is distinct from the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2. Although the core regions of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV RBDs are similar, their RBM regions are significantly different, which explains why they recognize different receptors (Li, 2015). MERS-CoV S trimer also maintains a structure similar to that of SARS-CoV S trimer. Both standing and lying states can be detected in the MERS-CoV RBDs, whereas DPP4 only binds to the standing RBD (Pallesen et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017). MERS-CoV is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 in the subgenus Merbecovirus. Ty-BatCoV HKU4, but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5, could use human DPP4 as a receptor (Yang et al., 2014b). Recently, some MERS-related CoVs (MERSr-CoVs) have been discovered from bats that can enter human DPP4-expressing cells (Lau et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018a). These findings suggest that the emergence of MERSr-CoV may threaten human health owing to their potential for cross-species transmission. The MERS-CoV S protein and RBD and their complexes, along with the DPP4 receptor, are shown in Supplementary Figures S1C,D."}
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":1136,"end":1141},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":1334,"end":1341},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A77","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A78","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"}],"text":"MERS-CoV RBD shares a structure similar to that of the homology domain of SARS-CoV (Wang et al., 2013). However, antibodies induced by SARS-CoV RBD have no cross-reactivity and/or cross-neutralizing activity to MERS-CoV (Du et al., 2013b). Moreover, MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a receptor through the RBD (CTD) region (Raj et al., 2013), which is distinct from the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2. Although the core regions of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV RBDs are similar, their RBM regions are significantly different, which explains why they recognize different receptors (Li, 2015). MERS-CoV S trimer also maintains a structure similar to that of SARS-CoV S trimer. Both standing and lying states can be detected in the MERS-CoV RBDs, whereas DPP4 only binds to the standing RBD (Pallesen et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017). MERS-CoV is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 in the subgenus Merbecovirus. Ty-BatCoV HKU4, but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5, could use human DPP4 as a receptor (Yang et al., 2014b). Recently, some MERS-related CoVs (MERSr-CoVs) have been discovered from bats that can enter human DPP4-expressing cells (Lau et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018a). These findings suggest that the emergence of MERSr-CoV may threaten human health owing to their potential for cross-species transmission. The MERS-CoV S protein and RBD and their complexes, along with the DPP4 receptor, are shown in Supplementary Figures S1C,D."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":74,"end":82},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":135,"end":143},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":388,"end":396},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":441,"end":449},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":658,"end":666},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A59","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A60","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A61","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A62","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A63","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"MERS-CoV RBD shares a structure similar to that of the homology domain of SARS-CoV (Wang et al., 2013). However, antibodies induced by SARS-CoV RBD have no cross-reactivity and/or cross-neutralizing activity to MERS-CoV (Du et al., 2013b). Moreover, MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a receptor through the RBD (CTD) region (Raj et al., 2013), which is distinct from the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2. Although the core regions of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV RBDs are similar, their RBM regions are significantly different, which explains why they recognize different receptors (Li, 2015). MERS-CoV S trimer also maintains a structure similar to that of SARS-CoV S trimer. Both standing and lying states can be detected in the MERS-CoV RBDs, whereas DPP4 only binds to the standing RBD (Pallesen et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017). MERS-CoV is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 in the subgenus Merbecovirus. Ty-BatCoV HKU4, but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5, could use human DPP4 as a receptor (Yang et al., 2014b). Recently, some MERS-related CoVs (MERSr-CoVs) have been discovered from bats that can enter human DPP4-expressing cells (Lau et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018a). These findings suggest that the emergence of MERSr-CoV may threaten human health owing to their potential for cross-species transmission. The MERS-CoV S protein and RBD and their complexes, along with the DPP4 receptor, are shown in Supplementary Figures S1C,D."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":20,"end":21},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T194","span":{"begin":199,"end":207},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T195","span":{"begin":301,"end":302},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T196","span":{"begin":583,"end":585},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001022"},{"id":"T197","span":{"begin":583,"end":585},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007314"},{"id":"T198","span":{"begin":627,"end":628},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T199","span":{"begin":975,"end":980},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T200","span":{"begin":989,"end":990},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T201","span":{"begin":1094,"end":1098},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397"},{"id":"T202","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1119},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T203","span":{"begin":1136,"end":1141},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T204","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1159},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185"},{"id":"T205","span":{"begin":1249,"end":1254},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"}],"text":"MERS-CoV RBD shares a structure similar to that of the homology domain of SARS-CoV (Wang et al., 2013). However, antibodies induced by SARS-CoV RBD have no cross-reactivity and/or cross-neutralizing activity to MERS-CoV (Du et al., 2013b). Moreover, MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a receptor through the RBD (CTD) region (Raj et al., 2013), which is distinct from the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2. Although the core regions of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV RBDs are similar, their RBM regions are significantly different, which explains why they recognize different receptors (Li, 2015). MERS-CoV S trimer also maintains a structure similar to that of SARS-CoV S trimer. Both standing and lying states can be detected in the MERS-CoV RBDs, whereas DPP4 only binds to the standing RBD (Pallesen et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017). MERS-CoV is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 in the subgenus Merbecovirus. Ty-BatCoV HKU4, but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5, could use human DPP4 as a receptor (Yang et al., 2014b). Recently, some MERS-related CoVs (MERSr-CoVs) have been discovered from bats that can enter human DPP4-expressing cells (Lau et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018a). These findings suggest that the emergence of MERSr-CoV may threaten human health owing to their potential for cross-species transmission. The MERS-CoV S protein and RBD and their complexes, along with the DPP4 receptor, are shown in Supplementary Figures S1C,D."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":583,"end":585},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":880,"end":882},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":949,"end":951},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":1143,"end":1146},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":1334,"end":1341},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A74","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30145"},{"id":"A75","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780"},{"id":"A76","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780"},{"id":"A77","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32359"},{"id":"A78","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"}],"text":"MERS-CoV RBD shares a structure similar to that of the homology domain of SARS-CoV (Wang et al., 2013). However, antibodies induced by SARS-CoV RBD have no cross-reactivity and/or cross-neutralizing activity to MERS-CoV (Du et al., 2013b). Moreover, MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a receptor through the RBD (CTD) region (Raj et al., 2013), which is distinct from the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2. Although the core regions of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV RBDs are similar, their RBM regions are significantly different, which explains why they recognize different receptors (Li, 2015). MERS-CoV S trimer also maintains a structure similar to that of SARS-CoV S trimer. Both standing and lying states can be detected in the MERS-CoV RBDs, whereas DPP4 only binds to the standing RBD (Pallesen et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017). MERS-CoV is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 in the subgenus Merbecovirus. Ty-BatCoV HKU4, but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5, could use human DPP4 as a receptor (Yang et al., 2014b). Recently, some MERS-related CoVs (MERSr-CoVs) have been discovered from bats that can enter human DPP4-expressing cells (Lau et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018a). These findings suggest that the emergence of MERSr-CoV may threaten human health owing to their potential for cross-species transmission. The MERS-CoV S protein and RBD and their complexes, along with the DPP4 receptor, are shown in Supplementary Figures S1C,D."}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32265848-23835475-36511060","span":{"begin":97,"end":101},"obj":"23835475"},{"id":"32265848-23486063-36511062","span":{"begin":354,"end":358},"obj":"23486063"},{"id":"32265848-25428871-36511063","span":{"begin":587,"end":591},"obj":"25428871"},{"id":"32265848-28807998-36511064","span":{"begin":808,"end":812},"obj":"28807998"},{"id":"32265848-28393837-36511065","span":{"begin":827,"end":831},"obj":"28393837"},{"id":"32265848-29346682-36511067","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1159},"obj":"29346682"}],"text":"MERS-CoV RBD shares a structure similar to that of the homology domain of SARS-CoV (Wang et al., 2013). However, antibodies induced by SARS-CoV RBD have no cross-reactivity and/or cross-neutralizing activity to MERS-CoV (Du et al., 2013b). Moreover, MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a receptor through the RBD (CTD) region (Raj et al., 2013), which is distinct from the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2. Although the core regions of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV RBDs are similar, their RBM regions are significantly different, which explains why they recognize different receptors (Li, 2015). MERS-CoV S trimer also maintains a structure similar to that of SARS-CoV S trimer. Both standing and lying states can be detected in the MERS-CoV RBDs, whereas DPP4 only binds to the standing RBD (Pallesen et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017). MERS-CoV is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 in the subgenus Merbecovirus. Ty-BatCoV HKU4, but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5, could use human DPP4 as a receptor (Yang et al., 2014b). Recently, some MERS-related CoVs (MERSr-CoVs) have been discovered from bats that can enter human DPP4-expressing cells (Lau et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018a). These findings suggest that the emergence of MERSr-CoV may threaten human health owing to their potential for cross-species transmission. The MERS-CoV S protein and RBD and their complexes, along with the DPP4 receptor, are shown in Supplementary Figures S1C,D."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":0,"end":103},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":104,"end":239},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":240,"end":411},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":412,"end":593},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":594,"end":676},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":677,"end":833},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":834,"end":924},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":925,"end":1021},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":1022,"end":1180},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1318},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":1319,"end":1442},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"MERS-CoV RBD shares a structure similar to that of the homology domain of SARS-CoV (Wang et al., 2013). However, antibodies induced by SARS-CoV RBD have no cross-reactivity and/or cross-neutralizing activity to MERS-CoV (Du et al., 2013b). Moreover, MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a receptor through the RBD (CTD) region (Raj et al., 2013), which is distinct from the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2. Although the core regions of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV RBDs are similar, their RBM regions are significantly different, which explains why they recognize different receptors (Li, 2015). MERS-CoV S trimer also maintains a structure similar to that of SARS-CoV S trimer. Both standing and lying states can be detected in the MERS-CoV RBDs, whereas DPP4 only binds to the standing RBD (Pallesen et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017). MERS-CoV is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 in the subgenus Merbecovirus. Ty-BatCoV HKU4, but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5, could use human DPP4 as a receptor (Yang et al., 2014b). Recently, some MERS-related CoVs (MERSr-CoVs) have been discovered from bats that can enter human DPP4-expressing cells (Lau et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018a). These findings suggest that the emergence of MERSr-CoV may threaten human health owing to their potential for cross-species transmission. The MERS-CoV S protein and RBD and their complexes, along with the DPP4 receptor, are shown in Supplementary Figures S1C,D."}
LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB
{"project":"LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB","denotations":[{"id":"T302","span":{"begin":0,"end":8},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T303","span":{"begin":55,"end":63},"obj":"SO:0000853"},{"id":"T304","span":{"begin":64,"end":70},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T305","span":{"begin":74,"end":82},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T306","span":{"begin":113,"end":123},"obj":"GO:0042571"},{"id":"T307","span":{"begin":135,"end":143},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T308","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T309","span":{"begin":250,"end":258},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T310","span":{"begin":279,"end":290},"obj":"PR:000012546"},{"id":"T311","span":{"begin":292,"end":296},"obj":"PR:000001341;PG_7"},{"id":"T312","span":{"begin":388,"end":396},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T313","span":{"begin":406,"end":410},"obj":"PR:000003622;G_3;PG_10"},{"id":"T314","span":{"begin":441,"end":449},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T315","span":{"begin":454,"end":462},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T316","span":{"begin":594,"end":602},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T317","span":{"begin":658,"end":666},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T318","span":{"begin":731,"end":739},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T319","span":{"begin":754,"end":758},"obj":"PG_7;PR:000001341"},{"id":"T320","span":{"begin":834,"end":842},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T321","span":{"begin":975,"end":980},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T322","span":{"begin":981,"end":985},"obj":"PG_7;PR:000001341"},{"id":"T323","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1041},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T324","span":{"begin":1094,"end":1098},"obj":"SP_2;NCBITaxon:8342"},{"id":"T325","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1119},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T326","span":{"begin":1120,"end":1124},"obj":"PG_7;PR:000001341"},{"id":"T327","span":{"begin":1125,"end":1135},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T328","span":{"begin":1249,"end":1254},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T329","span":{"begin":1297,"end":1304},"obj":"NCBITaxon:species"},{"id":"T330","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1331},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T331","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1341},"obj":"PG_1"},{"id":"T332","span":{"begin":1360,"end":1369},"obj":"GO:0032991"},{"id":"T333","span":{"begin":1386,"end":1390},"obj":"PG_7;PR:000001341"},{"id":"T29983","span":{"begin":0,"end":8},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T17057","span":{"begin":55,"end":63},"obj":"SO:0000853"},{"id":"T32008","span":{"begin":64,"end":70},"obj":"SO:0000417"},{"id":"T56589","span":{"begin":74,"end":82},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T57877","span":{"begin":113,"end":123},"obj":"GO:0042571"},{"id":"T96396","span":{"begin":135,"end":143},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T84761","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T4692","span":{"begin":250,"end":258},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T69481","span":{"begin":279,"end":290},"obj":"PR:000012546"},{"id":"T91688","span":{"begin":292,"end":296},"obj":"PR:000001341;PG_7"},{"id":"T56470","span":{"begin":388,"end":396},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T53532","span":{"begin":406,"end":410},"obj":"PR:000003622;G_3;PG_10"},{"id":"T12186","span":{"begin":441,"end":449},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T61058","span":{"begin":454,"end":462},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T96781","span":{"begin":594,"end":602},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T61210","span":{"begin":658,"end":666},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T31903","span":{"begin":731,"end":739},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T62435","span":{"begin":754,"end":758},"obj":"PG_7;PR:000001341"},{"id":"T27691","span":{"begin":834,"end":842},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T96680","span":{"begin":975,"end":980},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T87087","span":{"begin":981,"end":985},"obj":"PG_7;PR:000001341"},{"id":"T52550","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1041},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T37578","span":{"begin":1094,"end":1098},"obj":"SP_2;NCBITaxon:8342"},{"id":"T90449","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1119},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T19922","span":{"begin":1120,"end":1124},"obj":"PG_7;PR:000001341"},{"id":"T67319","span":{"begin":1125,"end":1135},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T99843","span":{"begin":1249,"end":1254},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T78701","span":{"begin":1297,"end":1304},"obj":"NCBITaxon:species"},{"id":"T14528","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1331},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T7216","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1341},"obj":"PG_1"},{"id":"T77879","span":{"begin":1360,"end":1369},"obj":"GO:0032991"},{"id":"T55323","span":{"begin":1386,"end":1390},"obj":"PG_7;PR:000001341"}],"text":"MERS-CoV RBD shares a structure similar to that of the homology domain of SARS-CoV (Wang et al., 2013). However, antibodies induced by SARS-CoV RBD have no cross-reactivity and/or cross-neutralizing activity to MERS-CoV (Du et al., 2013b). Moreover, MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a receptor through the RBD (CTD) region (Raj et al., 2013), which is distinct from the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2. Although the core regions of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV RBDs are similar, their RBM regions are significantly different, which explains why they recognize different receptors (Li, 2015). MERS-CoV S trimer also maintains a structure similar to that of SARS-CoV S trimer. Both standing and lying states can be detected in the MERS-CoV RBDs, whereas DPP4 only binds to the standing RBD (Pallesen et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017). MERS-CoV is clustered with Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 in the subgenus Merbecovirus. Ty-BatCoV HKU4, but not Pi-BatCoV HKU5, could use human DPP4 as a receptor (Yang et al., 2014b). Recently, some MERS-related CoVs (MERSr-CoVs) have been discovered from bats that can enter human DPP4-expressing cells (Lau et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018a). These findings suggest that the emergence of MERSr-CoV may threaten human health owing to their potential for cross-species transmission. The MERS-CoV S protein and RBD and their complexes, along with the DPP4 receptor, are shown in Supplementary Figures S1C,D."}