PMC:7103735 / 44827-45706
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":164,"end":168},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":164,"end":166},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":235,"end":239},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":235,"end":237},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T194","span":{"begin":340,"end":348},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T195","span":{"begin":604,"end":608},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T196","span":{"begin":604,"end":606},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T197","span":{"begin":648,"end":655},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T198","span":{"begin":710,"end":714},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T199","span":{"begin":710,"end":712},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T200","span":{"begin":716,"end":729},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T201","span":{"begin":736,"end":755},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T202","span":{"begin":803,"end":810},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A190","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T190","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A191","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T191","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A192","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T192","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A193","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T193","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A194","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T194","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A195","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T195","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A196","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T196","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A197","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T197","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A198","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T198","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A199","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T199","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A200","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T200","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A201","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T201","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82785"},{"id":"A202","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T202","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"}],"text":"Figure 2. A working model of SARS-CoV-induced inflammasome activation. SARS-CoV can activate both signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Upregulation of pro-IL-1β transcription is achieved by NF-κB activation. Two mechanisms of IL-1β maturation have been proposed. In the first model, potassium ion efflux is promoted by ORF3a and E proteins, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Alternatively, ORF3a promotes ASC ubiquitination and consequent assembly of inflammasome. ORG8b interacts with and activates NLRP3. Activation of inflammasome leads to proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. CASP1, caspase 1. IKK, IκB kinase. IL-1, interleukin-1. LPS, lipopolysaccharides. NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3. NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator. TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T414","span":{"begin":29,"end":37},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T415","span":{"begin":29,"end":33},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T416","span":{"begin":71,"end":79},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T417","span":{"begin":71,"end":75},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T418","span":{"begin":420,"end":423},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T419","span":{"begin":611,"end":614},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T420","span":{"begin":669,"end":673},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A414","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T414","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A415","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T415","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A416","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T416","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A417","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T417","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A418","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T418","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019018"},{"id":"A419","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T419","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019018"},{"id":"A420","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T420","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002145"}],"text":"Figure 2. A working model of SARS-CoV-induced inflammasome activation. SARS-CoV can activate both signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Upregulation of pro-IL-1β transcription is achieved by NF-κB activation. Two mechanisms of IL-1β maturation have been proposed. In the first model, potassium ion efflux is promoted by ORF3a and E proteins, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Alternatively, ORF3a promotes ASC ubiquitination and consequent assembly of inflammasome. ORG8b interacts with and activates NLRP3. Activation of inflammasome leads to proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. CASP1, caspase 1. IKK, IκB kinase. IL-1, interleukin-1. LPS, lipopolysaccharides. NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3. NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator. TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T501","span":{"begin":10,"end":11},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T502","span":{"begin":59,"end":69},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T503","span":{"begin":84,"end":92},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T504","span":{"begin":98,"end":104},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T505","span":{"begin":121,"end":127},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T506","span":{"begin":131,"end":141},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T507","span":{"begin":203,"end":204},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T508","span":{"begin":205,"end":215},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T509","span":{"begin":505,"end":514},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T510","span":{"begin":522,"end":532},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T511","span":{"begin":667,"end":668},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T512","span":{"begin":700,"end":701},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T513","span":{"begin":716,"end":729},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001091"},{"id":"T514","span":{"begin":824,"end":825},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"}],"text":"Figure 2. A working model of SARS-CoV-induced inflammasome activation. SARS-CoV can activate both signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Upregulation of pro-IL-1β transcription is achieved by NF-κB activation. Two mechanisms of IL-1β maturation have been proposed. In the first model, potassium ion efflux is promoted by ORF3a and E proteins, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Alternatively, ORF3a promotes ASC ubiquitination and consequent assembly of inflammasome. ORG8b interacts with and activates NLRP3. Activation of inflammasome leads to proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. CASP1, caspase 1. IKK, IκB kinase. IL-1, interleukin-1. LPS, lipopolysaccharides. NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3. NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator. TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T181","span":{"begin":164,"end":166},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T183","span":{"begin":199,"end":201},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T186","span":{"begin":235,"end":237},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T188","span":{"begin":292,"end":301},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T189","span":{"begin":302,"end":305},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":340,"end":348},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":604,"end":606},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":648,"end":655},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T194","span":{"begin":710,"end":712},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T196","span":{"begin":731,"end":734},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T199","span":{"begin":736,"end":755},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T200","span":{"begin":803,"end":810},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T201","span":{"begin":820,"end":822},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A181","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T181","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A182","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T181","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A183","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T183","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141424"},{"id":"A184","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T183","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25573"},{"id":"A185","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T183","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_1224"},{"id":"A186","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T186","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A187","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T186","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A188","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T188","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216"},{"id":"A189","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T189","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870"},{"id":"A190","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T190","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A191","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T191","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A192","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T191","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A193","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T193","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A194","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T194","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A195","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T194","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A196","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T196","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16412"},{"id":"A197","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T196","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52603"},{"id":"A198","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T196","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89981"},{"id":"A199","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T199","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16412"},{"id":"A200","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T200","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A201","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T201","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141424"},{"id":"A202","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T201","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25573"},{"id":"A203","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T201","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_1224"}],"text":"Figure 2. A working model of SARS-CoV-induced inflammasome activation. SARS-CoV can activate both signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Upregulation of pro-IL-1β transcription is achieved by NF-κB activation. Two mechanisms of IL-1β maturation have been proposed. In the first model, potassium ion efflux is promoted by ORF3a and E proteins, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Alternatively, ORF3a promotes ASC ubiquitination and consequent assembly of inflammasome. ORG8b interacts with and activates NLRP3. Activation of inflammasome leads to proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. CASP1, caspase 1. IKK, IκB kinase. IL-1, interleukin-1. LPS, lipopolysaccharides. NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3. NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator. TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α."}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":170,"end":183},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":306,"end":312},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140352"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":306,"end":312},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140115"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":616,"end":625},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":616,"end":625},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":861,"end":869},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":861,"end":869},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":861,"end":869},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":861,"end":869},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906"}],"text":"Figure 2. A working model of SARS-CoV-induced inflammasome activation. SARS-CoV can activate both signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Upregulation of pro-IL-1β transcription is achieved by NF-κB activation. Two mechanisms of IL-1β maturation have been proposed. In the first model, potassium ion efflux is promoted by ORF3a and E proteins, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Alternatively, ORF3a promotes ASC ubiquitination and consequent assembly of inflammasome. ORG8b interacts with and activates NLRP3. Activation of inflammasome leads to proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. CASP1, caspase 1. IKK, IκB kinase. IL-1, interleukin-1. LPS, lipopolysaccharides. NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3. NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator. TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T368","span":{"begin":0,"end":9},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T369","span":{"begin":10,"end":70},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T370","span":{"begin":71,"end":143},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T371","span":{"begin":144,"end":216},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T372","span":{"begin":217,"end":271},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T373","span":{"begin":272,"end":389},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T374","span":{"begin":390,"end":479},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T375","span":{"begin":480,"end":521},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T376","span":{"begin":522,"end":610},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T377","span":{"begin":611,"end":674},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T378","span":{"begin":675,"end":692},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T379","span":{"begin":693,"end":709},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T380","span":{"begin":710,"end":730},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T381","span":{"begin":731,"end":756},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T382","span":{"begin":757,"end":813},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T383","span":{"begin":814,"end":846},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T384","span":{"begin":847,"end":879},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Figure 2. A working model of SARS-CoV-induced inflammasome activation. SARS-CoV can activate both signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Upregulation of pro-IL-1β transcription is achieved by NF-κB activation. Two mechanisms of IL-1β maturation have been proposed. In the first model, potassium ion efflux is promoted by ORF3a and E proteins, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Alternatively, ORF3a promotes ASC ubiquitination and consequent assembly of inflammasome. ORG8b interacts with and activates NLRP3. Activation of inflammasome leads to proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. CASP1, caspase 1. IKK, IκB kinase. IL-1, interleukin-1. LPS, lipopolysaccharides. NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3. NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator. TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α."}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":854,"end":860},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A33","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T33","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664"}],"text":"Figure 2. A working model of SARS-CoV-induced inflammasome activation. SARS-CoV can activate both signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Upregulation of pro-IL-1β transcription is achieved by NF-κB activation. Two mechanisms of IL-1β maturation have been proposed. In the first model, potassium ion efflux is promoted by ORF3a and E proteins, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Alternatively, ORF3a promotes ASC ubiquitination and consequent assembly of inflammasome. ORG8b interacts with and activates NLRP3. Activation of inflammasome leads to proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. CASP1, caspase 1. IKK, IκB kinase. IL-1, interleukin-1. LPS, lipopolysaccharides. NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3. NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator. TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1224","span":{"begin":160,"end":169},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1225","span":{"begin":199,"end":204},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1226","span":{"begin":235,"end":240},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1227","span":{"begin":361,"end":366},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1228","span":{"begin":515,"end":520},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1229","span":{"begin":600,"end":609},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1230","span":{"begin":611,"end":614},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1231","span":{"begin":616,"end":673},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1232","span":{"begin":675,"end":680},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1233","span":{"begin":682,"end":691},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1234","span":{"begin":693,"end":696},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1235","span":{"begin":710,"end":714},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1236","span":{"begin":716,"end":729},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1237","span":{"begin":757,"end":762},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1238","span":{"begin":764,"end":812},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1239","span":{"begin":814,"end":818},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1240","span":{"begin":820,"end":825},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1241","span":{"begin":847,"end":852},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1242","span":{"begin":29,"end":37},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1243","span":{"begin":71,"end":79},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1244","span":{"begin":420,"end":423},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1245","span":{"begin":292,"end":301},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1246","span":{"begin":736,"end":755},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1247","span":{"begin":854,"end":869},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1224","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1224","obj":"Gene:3553"},{"id":"A1225","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1225","obj":"Gene:4790"},{"id":"A1226","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1226","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A1227","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1227","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A1228","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1228","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A1229","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1229","obj":"Gene:3553"},{"id":"A1230","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1230","obj":"Gene:29108"},{"id":"A1231","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1231","obj":"Gene:29108"},{"id":"A1232","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1232","obj":"Gene:834"},{"id":"A1233","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1233","obj":"Gene:834"},{"id":"A1234","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1234","obj":"Gene:8517"},{"id":"A1235","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1235","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A1236","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1236","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A1237","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1237","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A1238","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1238","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A1239","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1239","obj":"Gene:8517"},{"id":"A1240","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1240","obj":"Gene:4790"},{"id":"A1241","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1241","obj":"Gene:7124"},{"id":"A1242","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1242","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1243","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1243","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1244","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1244","obj":"Gene:29108"},{"id":"A1245","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1245","obj":"MESH:D011188"},{"id":"A1246","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1246","obj":"MESH:D008070"},{"id":"A1247","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1247","obj":"MESH:D009336"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Figure 2. A working model of SARS-CoV-induced inflammasome activation. SARS-CoV can activate both signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Upregulation of pro-IL-1β transcription is achieved by NF-κB activation. Two mechanisms of IL-1β maturation have been proposed. In the first model, potassium ion efflux is promoted by ORF3a and E proteins, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Alternatively, ORF3a promotes ASC ubiquitination and consequent assembly of inflammasome. ORG8b interacts with and activates NLRP3. Activation of inflammasome leads to proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase 1 and pro-IL-1β. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. CASP1, caspase 1. IKK, IκB kinase. IL-1, interleukin-1. LPS, lipopolysaccharides. NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3. NEMO, NF-κB essential modulator. TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α."}