PMC:7100515 / 26805-29045
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T234","span":{"begin":477,"end":482},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T235","span":{"begin":527,"end":532},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T236","span":{"begin":1157,"end":1162},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":1239,"end":1244},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":1575,"end":1580},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T239","span":{"begin":1960,"end":1968},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":2000,"end":2005},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T241","span":{"begin":2007,"end":2012},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T242","span":{"begin":2106,"end":2111},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A234","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T234","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A235","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T235","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"},{"id":"A236","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T236","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"},{"id":"A237","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T237","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A238","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T238","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"},{"id":"A239","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T239","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A240","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T240","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A241","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T241","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A242","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T242","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"}],"text":"Cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 patient sera\nAs rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies did not show significant neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, we then asked whether sera from recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. We obtained sera from one recovered SARS patient and five recovered COVID-19 patients and tested their neutralization activities against transduction on 293/hACE2 cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Serum from recovered SARS patient showed strong inhibition on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, and it had modest neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons (Fig. 6a and Table 1). In contrast, sera from all five COVID-19 patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions effectively, and none of them had an effect on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions (Fig. 6b and Table 1).\nFig. 6 Limited cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 sera.\nAll sera were incubated on 56 °C for 30 min to eliminate complement. SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons were pre-incubated with serially diluted SARS patient serum (a) or COVID-19 patient sera (b) for 1 h on ice and then added on 293/hACE2 cells. Pseudoviral transduction was measured 40 h later. Experiments were done in triplicates and repeated twice, and one representative is shown. Error bars indicate SEM of technical triplicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.\nTable 1 Neutralization activities of antisera from SARS-CoV and COVID-19 patients.\nPatient serum SARS-CoV S pseudovirion SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirion\nSARS-CoV patient \u003e80 40\nCOVID-19 patient #1 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #2 Not detected 40\nCOVID-19 patient #3 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #4 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #5 Not detected \u003e80\nSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions were pre-incubated with serially diluted patient sera for 1 h on ice, then virus-antibody mixture was added on 293/hACE2 cells. Cells were lysed 40 h later and pseudovirus transduction was measured. The highest dilution of the serum sample that decreased transduction by 50% or more was considered to be positive. Source data are provided as a Source Data file."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":527,"end":532},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1157,"end":1162},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1575,"end":1580},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":2106,"end":2111},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A6","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"},{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"},{"id":"A9","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"}],"text":"Cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 patient sera\nAs rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies did not show significant neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, we then asked whether sera from recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. We obtained sera from one recovered SARS patient and five recovered COVID-19 patients and tested their neutralization activities against transduction on 293/hACE2 cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Serum from recovered SARS patient showed strong inhibition on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, and it had modest neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons (Fig. 6a and Table 1). In contrast, sera from all five COVID-19 patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions effectively, and none of them had an effect on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions (Fig. 6b and Table 1).\nFig. 6 Limited cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 sera.\nAll sera were incubated on 56 °C for 30 min to eliminate complement. SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons were pre-incubated with serially diluted SARS patient serum (a) or COVID-19 patient sera (b) for 1 h on ice and then added on 293/hACE2 cells. Pseudoviral transduction was measured 40 h later. Experiments were done in triplicates and repeated twice, and one representative is shown. Error bars indicate SEM of technical triplicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.\nTable 1 Neutralization activities of antisera from SARS-CoV and COVID-19 patients.\nPatient serum SARS-CoV S pseudovirion SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirion\nSARS-CoV patient \u003e80 40\nCOVID-19 patient #1 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #2 Not detected 40\nCOVID-19 patient #3 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #4 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #5 Not detected \u003e80\nSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions were pre-incubated with serially diluted patient sera for 1 h on ice, then virus-antibody mixture was added on 293/hACE2 cells. Cells were lysed 40 h later and pseudovirus transduction was measured. The highest dilution of the serum sample that decreased transduction by 50% or more was considered to be positive. Source data are provided as a Source Data file."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":24,"end":28},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T246","span":{"begin":33,"end":41},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T247","span":{"begin":81,"end":85},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T248","span":{"begin":157,"end":165},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T249","span":{"begin":227,"end":231},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T250","span":{"begin":236,"end":244},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":271,"end":279},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T252","span":{"begin":286,"end":294},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":350,"end":354},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":382,"end":390},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":486,"end":494},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":499,"end":507},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":548,"end":552},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":605,"end":613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T259","span":{"begin":681,"end":689},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":762,"end":770},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T261","span":{"begin":792,"end":800},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T262","span":{"begin":882,"end":890},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T263","span":{"begin":969,"end":973},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":978,"end":986},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T265","span":{"begin":1062,"end":1070},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T266","span":{"begin":1077,"end":1085},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T267","span":{"begin":1144,"end":1148},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T268","span":{"begin":1170,"end":1178},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T269","span":{"begin":1535,"end":1543},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T270","span":{"begin":1548,"end":1556},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T271","span":{"begin":1581,"end":1589},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T272","span":{"begin":1605,"end":1613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T273","span":{"begin":1631,"end":1639},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T274","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1663},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T275","span":{"begin":1692,"end":1700},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T276","span":{"begin":1728,"end":1736},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T277","span":{"begin":1765,"end":1773},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T278","span":{"begin":1802,"end":1810},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T279","span":{"begin":1839,"end":1847},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T280","span":{"begin":1852,"end":1860},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A245","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T245","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A246","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T246","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A247","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T247","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A248","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T248","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A249","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T249","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A250","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T250","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A251","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T251","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A252","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T252","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A253","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T253","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A254","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T254","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A255","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T255","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A256","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T256","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A257","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T257","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A258","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T258","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A259","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T259","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A260","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T260","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A261","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T261","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A262","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T262","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A263","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T263","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A264","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T264","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A265","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T265","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A266","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T266","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A267","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T267","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A268","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T268","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A269","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T269","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A270","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T270","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A271","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T271","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A272","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T272","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A273","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T273","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A274","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T274","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A275","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T275","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A276","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T276","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A277","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T277","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A278","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T278","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A279","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T279","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A280","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T280","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"Cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 patient sera\nAs rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies did not show significant neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, we then asked whether sera from recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. We obtained sera from one recovered SARS patient and five recovered COVID-19 patients and tested their neutralization activities against transduction on 293/hACE2 cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Serum from recovered SARS patient showed strong inhibition on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, and it had modest neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons (Fig. 6a and Table 1). In contrast, sera from all five COVID-19 patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions effectively, and none of them had an effect on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions (Fig. 6b and Table 1).\nFig. 6 Limited cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 sera.\nAll sera were incubated on 56 °C for 30 min to eliminate complement. SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons were pre-incubated with serially diluted SARS patient serum (a) or COVID-19 patient sera (b) for 1 h on ice and then added on 293/hACE2 cells. Pseudoviral transduction was measured 40 h later. Experiments were done in triplicates and repeated twice, and one representative is shown. Error bars indicate SEM of technical triplicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.\nTable 1 Neutralization activities of antisera from SARS-CoV and COVID-19 patients.\nPatient serum SARS-CoV S pseudovirion SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirion\nSARS-CoV patient \u003e80 40\nCOVID-19 patient #1 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #2 Not detected 40\nCOVID-19 patient #3 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #4 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #5 Not detected \u003e80\nSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions were pre-incubated with serially diluted patient sera for 1 h on ice, then virus-antibody mixture was added on 293/hACE2 cells. Cells were lysed 40 h later and pseudovirus transduction was measured. The highest dilution of the serum sample that decreased transduction by 50% or more was considered to be positive. Source data are provided as a Source Data file."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T610","span":{"begin":86,"end":88},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050"},{"id":"T611","span":{"begin":140,"end":148},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T612","span":{"begin":404,"end":410},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T613","span":{"begin":432,"end":442},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T614","span":{"begin":467,"end":470},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001230"},{"id":"T615","span":{"begin":467,"end":470},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037237"},{"id":"T616","span":{"begin":467,"end":470},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050903"},{"id":"T617","span":{"begin":467,"end":470},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054249"},{"id":"T618","span":{"begin":467,"end":470},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054250"},{"id":"T619","span":{"begin":467,"end":470},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054251"},{"id":"T620","span":{"begin":467,"end":470},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054252"},{"id":"T621","span":{"begin":477,"end":482},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T622","span":{"begin":664,"end":672},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T623","span":{"begin":1164,"end":1165},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T624","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1194},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T625","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001230"},{"id":"T626","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037237"},{"id":"T627","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050903"},{"id":"T628","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054249"},{"id":"T629","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054250"},{"id":"T630","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054251"},{"id":"T631","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054252"},{"id":"T632","span":{"begin":1239,"end":1244},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T633","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1465},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T634","span":{"begin":1507,"end":1517},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T635","span":{"begin":1954,"end":1959},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T636","span":{"begin":1990,"end":1993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001230"},{"id":"T637","span":{"begin":1990,"end":1993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037237"},{"id":"T638","span":{"begin":1990,"end":1993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050903"},{"id":"T639","span":{"begin":1990,"end":1993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054249"},{"id":"T640","span":{"begin":1990,"end":1993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054250"},{"id":"T641","span":{"begin":1990,"end":1993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054251"},{"id":"T642","span":{"begin":1990,"end":1993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054252"},{"id":"T643","span":{"begin":2000,"end":2005},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T644","span":{"begin":2007,"end":2012},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T645","span":{"begin":2221,"end":2222},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 patient sera\nAs rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies did not show significant neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, we then asked whether sera from recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. We obtained sera from one recovered SARS patient and five recovered COVID-19 patients and tested their neutralization activities against transduction on 293/hACE2 cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Serum from recovered SARS patient showed strong inhibition on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, and it had modest neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons (Fig. 6a and Table 1). In contrast, sera from all five COVID-19 patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions effectively, and none of them had an effect on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions (Fig. 6b and Table 1).\nFig. 6 Limited cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 sera.\nAll sera were incubated on 56 °C for 30 min to eliminate complement. SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons were pre-incubated with serially diluted SARS patient serum (a) or COVID-19 patient sera (b) for 1 h on ice and then added on 293/hACE2 cells. Pseudoviral transduction was measured 40 h later. Experiments were done in triplicates and repeated twice, and one representative is shown. Error bars indicate SEM of technical triplicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.\nTable 1 Neutralization activities of antisera from SARS-CoV and COVID-19 patients.\nPatient serum SARS-CoV S pseudovirion SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirion\nSARS-CoV patient \u003e80 40\nCOVID-19 patient #1 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #2 Not detected 40\nCOVID-19 patient #3 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #4 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #5 Not detected \u003e80\nSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions were pre-incubated with serially diluted patient sera for 1 h on ice, then virus-antibody mixture was added on 293/hACE2 cells. Cells were lysed 40 h later and pseudovirus transduction was measured. The highest dilution of the serum sample that decreased transduction by 50% or more was considered to be positive. Source data are provided as a Source Data file."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T217","span":{"begin":1969,"end":1976},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A217","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T217","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004"}],"text":"Cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 patient sera\nAs rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies did not show significant neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, we then asked whether sera from recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. We obtained sera from one recovered SARS patient and five recovered COVID-19 patients and tested their neutralization activities against transduction on 293/hACE2 cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Serum from recovered SARS patient showed strong inhibition on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, and it had modest neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons (Fig. 6a and Table 1). In contrast, sera from all five COVID-19 patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions effectively, and none of them had an effect on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions (Fig. 6b and Table 1).\nFig. 6 Limited cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 sera.\nAll sera were incubated on 56 °C for 30 min to eliminate complement. SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons were pre-incubated with serially diluted SARS patient serum (a) or COVID-19 patient sera (b) for 1 h on ice and then added on 293/hACE2 cells. Pseudoviral transduction was measured 40 h later. Experiments were done in triplicates and repeated twice, and one representative is shown. Error bars indicate SEM of technical triplicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.\nTable 1 Neutralization activities of antisera from SARS-CoV and COVID-19 patients.\nPatient serum SARS-CoV S pseudovirion SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirion\nSARS-CoV patient \u003e80 40\nCOVID-19 patient #1 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #2 Not detected 40\nCOVID-19 patient #3 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #4 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #5 Not detected \u003e80\nSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions were pre-incubated with serially diluted patient sera for 1 h on ice, then virus-antibody mixture was added on 293/hACE2 cells. Cells were lysed 40 h later and pseudovirus transduction was measured. The highest dilution of the serum sample that decreased transduction by 50% or more was considered to be positive. Source data are provided as a Source Data file."}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":451,"end":463},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009293"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":589,"end":601},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009293"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":866,"end":878},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009293"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1258,"end":1270},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009293"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":2051,"end":2063},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009293"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":2134,"end":2146},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009293"}],"text":"Cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 patient sera\nAs rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies did not show significant neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, we then asked whether sera from recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. We obtained sera from one recovered SARS patient and five recovered COVID-19 patients and tested their neutralization activities against transduction on 293/hACE2 cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Serum from recovered SARS patient showed strong inhibition on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, and it had modest neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons (Fig. 6a and Table 1). In contrast, sera from all five COVID-19 patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions effectively, and none of them had an effect on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions (Fig. 6b and Table 1).\nFig. 6 Limited cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 sera.\nAll sera were incubated on 56 °C for 30 min to eliminate complement. SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons were pre-incubated with serially diluted SARS patient serum (a) or COVID-19 patient sera (b) for 1 h on ice and then added on 293/hACE2 cells. Pseudoviral transduction was measured 40 h later. Experiments were done in triplicates and repeated twice, and one representative is shown. Error bars indicate SEM of technical triplicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.\nTable 1 Neutralization activities of antisera from SARS-CoV and COVID-19 patients.\nPatient serum SARS-CoV S pseudovirion SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirion\nSARS-CoV patient \u003e80 40\nCOVID-19 patient #1 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #2 Not detected 40\nCOVID-19 patient #3 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #4 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #5 Not detected \u003e80\nSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions were pre-incubated with serially diluted patient sera for 1 h on ice, then virus-antibody mixture was added on 293/hACE2 cells. Cells were lysed 40 h later and pseudovirus transduction was measured. The highest dilution of the serum sample that decreased transduction by 50% or more was considered to be positive. Source data are provided as a Source Data file."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":0,"end":54},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":55,"end":313},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T194","span":{"begin":314,"end":526},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T195","span":{"begin":527,"end":729},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T196","span":{"begin":730,"end":929},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T197","span":{"begin":930,"end":992},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T198","span":{"begin":993,"end":1061},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T199","span":{"begin":1062,"end":1245},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T200","span":{"begin":1246,"end":1295},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T201","span":{"begin":1296,"end":1385},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T202","span":{"begin":1386,"end":1435},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T203","span":{"begin":1436,"end":1483},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T204","span":{"begin":1484,"end":1566},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T205","span":{"begin":1567,"end":1630},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T206","span":{"begin":1631,"end":1654},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T207","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1691},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T208","span":{"begin":1692,"end":1727},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T209","span":{"begin":1728,"end":1764},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T210","span":{"begin":1765,"end":1801},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T211","span":{"begin":1802,"end":1838},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T212","span":{"begin":1839,"end":2006},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T213","span":{"begin":2007,"end":2077},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T214","span":{"begin":2078,"end":2192},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T215","span":{"begin":2193,"end":2240},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 patient sera\nAs rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies did not show significant neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, we then asked whether sera from recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. We obtained sera from one recovered SARS patient and five recovered COVID-19 patients and tested their neutralization activities against transduction on 293/hACE2 cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Serum from recovered SARS patient showed strong inhibition on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, and it had modest neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons (Fig. 6a and Table 1). In contrast, sera from all five COVID-19 patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions effectively, and none of them had an effect on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions (Fig. 6b and Table 1).\nFig. 6 Limited cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 sera.\nAll sera were incubated on 56 °C for 30 min to eliminate complement. SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons were pre-incubated with serially diluted SARS patient serum (a) or COVID-19 patient sera (b) for 1 h on ice and then added on 293/hACE2 cells. Pseudoviral transduction was measured 40 h later. Experiments were done in triplicates and repeated twice, and one representative is shown. Error bars indicate SEM of technical triplicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.\nTable 1 Neutralization activities of antisera from SARS-CoV and COVID-19 patients.\nPatient serum SARS-CoV S pseudovirion SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirion\nSARS-CoV patient \u003e80 40\nCOVID-19 patient #1 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #2 Not detected 40\nCOVID-19 patient #3 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #4 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #5 Not detected \u003e80\nSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions were pre-incubated with serially diluted patient sera for 1 h on ice, then virus-antibody mixture was added on 293/hACE2 cells. Cells were lysed 40 h later and pseudovirus transduction was measured. The highest dilution of the serum sample that decreased transduction by 50% or more was considered to be positive. Source data are provided as a Source Data file."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1110","span":{"begin":42,"end":49},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1111","span":{"begin":33,"end":41},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1113","span":{"begin":978,"end":986},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1121","span":{"begin":1233,"end":1238},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1122","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1089},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1123","span":{"begin":1062,"end":1070},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1124","span":{"begin":1077,"end":1087},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1125","span":{"begin":1179,"end":1186},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1126","span":{"begin":1149,"end":1156},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1127","span":{"begin":1170,"end":1178},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1144","span":{"begin":1616,"end":1617},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1145","span":{"begin":1605,"end":1615},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1146","span":{"begin":1631,"end":1639},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1147","span":{"begin":1640,"end":1647},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1148","span":{"begin":1664,"end":1671},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1149","span":{"begin":1701,"end":1708},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1150","span":{"begin":1737,"end":1744},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1151","span":{"begin":1774,"end":1781},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1152","span":{"begin":1811,"end":1818},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1153","span":{"begin":1567,"end":1574},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1154","span":{"begin":1581,"end":1589},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1155","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1663},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1156","span":{"begin":1692,"end":1700},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1157","span":{"begin":1728,"end":1736},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1158","span":{"begin":1765,"end":1773},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1159","span":{"begin":1802,"end":1810},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1163","span":{"begin":1535,"end":1543},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1164","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1565},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1165","span":{"begin":1548,"end":1556},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1171","span":{"begin":1994,"end":1999},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1172","span":{"begin":1863,"end":1864},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1173","span":{"begin":1839,"end":1847},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1174","span":{"begin":1852,"end":1862},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1175","span":{"begin":1920,"end":1927},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1199","span":{"begin":471,"end":476},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1200","span":{"begin":803,"end":804},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1201","span":{"begin":692,"end":693},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1202","span":{"begin":510,"end":511},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1203","span":{"begin":297,"end":298},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1204","span":{"begin":168,"end":169},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1205","span":{"begin":157,"end":167},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1206","span":{"begin":245,"end":253},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1207","span":{"begin":271,"end":279},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1208","span":{"begin":286,"end":296},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1209","span":{"begin":355,"end":362},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1210","span":{"begin":391,"end":399},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1211","span":{"begin":486,"end":494},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1212","span":{"begin":499,"end":509},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1213","span":{"begin":553,"end":560},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1214","span":{"begin":605,"end":613},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1215","span":{"begin":681,"end":691},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1216","span":{"begin":771,"end":779},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1217","span":{"begin":792,"end":802},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1218","span":{"begin":882,"end":890},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1219","span":{"begin":236,"end":244},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1220","span":{"begin":382,"end":390},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1221","span":{"begin":762,"end":770},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1110","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1110","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1111","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1111","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1113","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1113","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1121","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1121","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A1122","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1122","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A1123","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1123","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1124","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1124","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1125","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1125","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1126","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1126","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1127","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1127","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1144","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1144","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A1145","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1145","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1146","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1146","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1147","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1147","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1148","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1148","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1149","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1149","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1150","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1150","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1151","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1151","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1152","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1152","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1153","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1153","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1154","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1154","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1155","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1155","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1156","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1156","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1157","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1157","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1158","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1158","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1159","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1159","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1163","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1163","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1164","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1164","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1165","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1165","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1171","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1171","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A1172","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1172","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A1173","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1173","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1174","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1174","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1175","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1175","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1199","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1199","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A1200","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1200","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A1201","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1201","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A1202","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1202","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A1203","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1203","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A1204","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1204","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A1205","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1205","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1206","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1206","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1207","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1207","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1208","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1208","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1209","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1209","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1210","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1210","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1211","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1211","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1212","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1212","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1213","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1213","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1214","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1214","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1215","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1215","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1216","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1216","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1217","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1217","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1218","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1218","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A1219","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1219","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1220","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1220","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1221","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1221","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 patient sera\nAs rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies did not show significant neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, we then asked whether sera from recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. We obtained sera from one recovered SARS patient and five recovered COVID-19 patients and tested their neutralization activities against transduction on 293/hACE2 cells by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Serum from recovered SARS patient showed strong inhibition on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, and it had modest neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons (Fig. 6a and Table 1). In contrast, sera from all five COVID-19 patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions effectively, and none of them had an effect on transduction by SARS-CoV S pseudovirions (Fig. 6b and Table 1).\nFig. 6 Limited cross-neutralization of SARS and COVID-19 sera.\nAll sera were incubated on 56 °C for 30 min to eliminate complement. SARS-CoV S and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirons were pre-incubated with serially diluted SARS patient serum (a) or COVID-19 patient sera (b) for 1 h on ice and then added on 293/hACE2 cells. Pseudoviral transduction was measured 40 h later. Experiments were done in triplicates and repeated twice, and one representative is shown. Error bars indicate SEM of technical triplicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.\nTable 1 Neutralization activities of antisera from SARS-CoV and COVID-19 patients.\nPatient serum SARS-CoV S pseudovirion SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirion\nSARS-CoV patient \u003e80 40\nCOVID-19 patient #1 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #2 Not detected 40\nCOVID-19 patient #3 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #4 Not detected \u003e80\nCOVID-19 patient #5 Not detected \u003e80\nSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions were pre-incubated with serially diluted patient sera for 1 h on ice, then virus-antibody mixture was added on 293/hACE2 cells. Cells were lysed 40 h later and pseudovirus transduction was measured. The highest dilution of the serum sample that decreased transduction by 50% or more was considered to be positive. Source data are provided as a Source Data file."}