PMC:7079563 / 22597-24948 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7079563","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7079563","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7079563","text":"There are currently no approved antiviral treatments or vaccines for human coronavirus infections. The development of safe, stable vaccines is a huge challenge and vaccines would ideally be broad-spectrum, so the research and development of new drugs is a very long process. In such a sudden epidemic, scientists were not able to carry out new drug development by the traditional principles. Therefore, there is another option: a systematic and large-scale screening of existing drugs to see whether they have activity against the 2019-nCoV. Recently drug screening found that nelfinavir has potential antiviral activity against 2019-nCoV. In addition, pitavastatin, perampanel, and praziquantel might also have moderate activities against 2019-nCoV [39]. Based on previous studies, an anti-HIV drug named Kaletra may have therapeutic effect on SARS and MERS, which is composed of two protease inhibitors, ritonavir (CAS#: 155,213-67-5) and lopinavir (CAS#: 192,725-17-0) [[40], [41], [42], [43], [44]]. More recently, Kaletra was also recommended to treat Wuhan pneumonia by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Patients with SARS or MERS have used several drugs including ribavirin, interferon, lopinavir-ritonavir, and corticosteroids, but the efficacy of certain drugs is still controversial. Other antiviral drugs, like FAD-approved drugs including ribavirin, penciclovir, nitrazine, nalfamusta, chloroquine, and the two broad-spectrum antiviral drugs redexivir (GS-5734) and favivir (T-705), are being evaluated by measuring the effects of these compounds on cytotoxicity, virus yield and infection rate of 2019-nCoV. Recent results showed that remdesivir and chloroquine are effective in controlling 2019-nCoV infection in vitro and may be evaluated in human patients with 2019-nCoV disease [45]. Remdesivir has recently been recognized as a promising antiviral drug against multiple RNA viruses (including SARS/MERS-CoV) in cultured cells, and in mouse and non-human primate (NHP) models. Currently remdesivir for the treatment of Ebola virus infection is in clinical research. It is promising that these compounds can treat 2019-nCoV infections. Moreover, the fifth edition of infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance announced that severe and critically ill patients could be treated with recovery 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