PMC:7068984 / 19557-21843 JSON TXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

LitCovid-PubTator

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":2014,"end":2018},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":2084,"end":2090},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A24","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A25","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000344"}],"text":"Host immune response and immunopathology\nThe immune response is vital for the control and resolution of CoV infections, while it can also lead to immunopathogenesis, associated with the immune response out of control. The S proteins of Coronavirus binds to the host cells by ACE2, fusing to the membrane and release the viral RNA. The viral RNAs, as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are detected by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Usually, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 sense viral RNA and DNA in the endosome [60, 61]. The viral RNA receptor retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) [62], cytosolic receptor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and nucleotidyltransferase cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) [63] are responsible for the recognition of viral RNA and DNA in the cytoplasm. These complex signalling recruit adaptors, including TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein including IFN-β (TRIF), mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) [64] and stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) [65] to trigger downstream cascades molecules, involving adaptor molecule MyD88 and lead to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I Interferons (IFN-α /β) and a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines [66]. Hence, virus-cell interactions produce a diverse set of immune mediators against the invading virus [67]. Innate immunity is needed in a precise regulation to eliminate the virus, otherwise will result in immunopathology. A few plasma cytokines and chemokines were observed ascended in COVID-19 patients, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, GCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IFN-γ and TNF-α [48, 68, 69]. Of note, an anatomy report of COVID-19 pneumonia corpse [70] indicated that COVID-19 caused an inflammatory response in the lower airway and led to lung injury. Collectively, the virus particles invade the respiratory mucosa firstly and infect other cells, triggering a series of immune responses and the production of cytokine storm in the body, which may be associated with the critical condition of COVID-19 patients."}

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":108,"end":118},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":651,"end":659},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":1650,"end":1658},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":1896,"end":1904},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":1905,"end":1914},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":1942,"end":1950},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":2019,"end":2025},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":2268,"end":2276},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A146","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T146","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A147","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T147","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005105"},{"id":"A148","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T148","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A149","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T149","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A150","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T150","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A151","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T151","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A152","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T152","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A153","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T153","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Host immune response and immunopathology\nThe immune response is vital for the control and resolution of CoV infections, while it can also lead to immunopathogenesis, associated with the immune response out of control. The S proteins of Coronavirus binds to the host cells by ACE2, fusing to the membrane and release the viral RNA. The viral RNAs, as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are detected by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Usually, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 sense viral RNA and DNA in the endosome [60, 61]. The viral RNA receptor retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) [62], cytosolic receptor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and nucleotidyltransferase cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) [63] are responsible for the recognition of viral RNA and DNA in the cytoplasm. These complex signalling recruit adaptors, including TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein including IFN-β (TRIF), mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) [64] and stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) [65] to trigger downstream cascades molecules, involving adaptor molecule MyD88 and lead to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I Interferons (IFN-α /β) and a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines [66]. Hence, virus-cell interactions produce a diverse set of immune mediators against the invading virus [67]. Innate immunity is needed in a precise regulation to eliminate the virus, otherwise will result in immunopathology. A few plasma cytokines and chemokines were observed ascended in COVID-19 patients, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, GCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IFN-γ and TNF-α [48, 68, 69]. Of note, an anatomy report of COVID-19 pneumonia corpse [70] indicated that COVID-19 caused an inflammatory response in the lower airway and led to lung injury. Collectively, the virus particles invade the respiratory mucosa firstly and infect other cells, triggering a series of immune responses and the production of cytokine storm in the body, which may be associated with the critical condition of COVID-19 patients."}

LitCovid-PD-CLO

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":5,"end":20},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":45,"end":60},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":186,"end":201},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":853,"end":863},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":978,"end":988},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1174,"end":1194},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000981"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1174,"end":1187},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1470,"end":1485},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1509,"end":1519},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1815,"end":1821},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1961,"end":1982},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":2146,"end":2162},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"}],"text":"Host immune response and immunopathology\nThe immune response is vital for the control and resolution of CoV infections, while it can also lead to immunopathogenesis, associated with the immune response out of control. The S proteins of Coronavirus binds to the host cells by ACE2, fusing to the membrane and release the viral RNA. The viral RNAs, as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are detected by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Usually, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 sense viral RNA and DNA in the endosome [60, 61]. The viral RNA receptor retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) [62], cytosolic receptor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and nucleotidyltransferase cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) [63] are responsible for the recognition of viral RNA and DNA in the cytoplasm. These complex signalling recruit adaptors, including TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein including IFN-β (TRIF), mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) [64] and stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) [65] to trigger downstream cascades molecules, involving adaptor molecule MyD88 and lead to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I Interferons (IFN-α /β) and a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines [66]. Hence, virus-cell interactions produce a diverse set of immune mediators against the invading virus [67]. Innate immunity is needed in a precise regulation to eliminate the virus, otherwise will result in immunopathology. A few plasma cytokines and chemokines were observed ascended in COVID-19 patients, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, GCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IFN-γ and TNF-α [48, 68, 69]. Of note, an anatomy report of COVID-19 pneumonia corpse [70] indicated that COVID-19 caused an inflammatory response in the lower airway and led to lung injury. Collectively, the virus particles invade the respiratory mucosa firstly and infect other cells, triggering a series of immune responses and the production of cytokine storm in the body, which may be associated with the critical condition of COVID-19 patients."}

LitCovid-sentences

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":0,"end":40},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":41,"end":217},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":218,"end":330},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":331,"end":455},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":456,"end":563},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":564,"end":838},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":839,"end":1363},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1469},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":1470,"end":1585},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":1586,"end":1865},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":1866,"end":2026},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":2027,"end":2286},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Host immune response and immunopathology\nThe immune response is vital for the control and resolution of CoV infections, while it can also lead to immunopathogenesis, associated with the immune response out of control. The S proteins of Coronavirus binds to the host cells by ACE2, fusing to the membrane and release the viral RNA. The viral RNAs, as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are detected by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Usually, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 sense viral RNA and DNA in the endosome [60, 61]. The viral RNA receptor retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) [62], cytosolic receptor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and nucleotidyltransferase cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) [63] are responsible for the recognition of viral RNA and DNA in the cytoplasm. These complex signalling recruit adaptors, including TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein including IFN-β (TRIF), mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) [64] and stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) [65] to trigger downstream cascades molecules, involving adaptor molecule MyD88 and lead to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I Interferons (IFN-α /β) and a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines [66]. Hence, virus-cell interactions produce a diverse set of immune mediators against the invading virus [67]. Innate immunity is needed in a precise regulation to eliminate the virus, otherwise will result in immunopathology. A few plasma cytokines and chemokines were observed ascended in COVID-19 patients, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, GCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IFN-γ and TNF-α [48, 68, 69]. Of note, an anatomy report of COVID-19 pneumonia corpse [70] indicated that COVID-19 caused an inflammatory response in the lower airway and led to lung injury. Collectively, the virus particles invade the respiratory mucosa firstly and infect other cells, triggering a series of immune responses and the production of cytokine storm in the body, which may be associated with the critical condition of COVID-19 patients."}

LitCovid-PD-HP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":651,"end":659},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":1905,"end":1914},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":2185,"end":2199},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A44","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002861"},{"id":"A45","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A46","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"}],"text":"Host immune response and immunopathology\nThe immune response is vital for the control and resolution of CoV infections, while it can also lead to immunopathogenesis, associated with the immune response out of control. The S proteins of Coronavirus binds to the host cells by ACE2, fusing to the membrane and release the viral RNA. The viral RNAs, as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are detected by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Usually, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 sense viral RNA and DNA in the endosome [60, 61]. The viral RNA receptor retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) [62], cytosolic receptor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and nucleotidyltransferase cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) [63] are responsible for the recognition of viral RNA and DNA in the cytoplasm. These complex signalling recruit adaptors, including TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein including IFN-β (TRIF), mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) [64] and stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) [65] to trigger downstream cascades molecules, involving adaptor molecule MyD88 and lead to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I Interferons (IFN-α /β) and a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines [66]. Hence, virus-cell interactions produce a diverse set of immune mediators against the invading virus [67]. Innate immunity is needed in a precise regulation to eliminate the virus, otherwise will result in immunopathology. A few plasma cytokines and chemokines were observed ascended in COVID-19 patients, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, GCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IFN-γ and TNF-α [48, 68, 69]. Of note, an anatomy report of COVID-19 pneumonia corpse [70] indicated that COVID-19 caused an inflammatory response in the lower airway and led to lung injury. Collectively, the virus particles invade the respiratory mucosa firstly and infect other cells, triggering a series of immune responses and the production of cytokine storm in the body, which may be associated with the critical condition of COVID-19 patients."}

2_test

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32169119-11607032-70132230","span":{"begin":555,"end":557},"obj":"11607032"},{"id":"32169119-24655297-70132231","span":{"begin":559,"end":561},"obj":"24655297"},{"id":"32169119-24968321-70132232","span":{"begin":627,"end":629},"obj":"24968321"},{"id":"32169119-23258412-70132233","span":{"begin":760,"end":762},"obj":"23258412"},{"id":"32169119-16125763-70132234","span":{"begin":1005,"end":1007},"obj":"16125763"},{"id":"32169119-18724357-70132235","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1063},"obj":"18724357"},{"id":"32169119-20404851-70132236","span":{"begin":1359,"end":1361},"obj":"20404851"},{"id":"32169119-19120477-70132237","span":{"begin":1465,"end":1467},"obj":"19120477"},{"id":"32169119-31986264-70132238","span":{"begin":1853,"end":1855},"obj":"31986264"},{"id":"32169119-32114747-70132239","span":{"begin":1857,"end":1859},"obj":"32114747"}],"text":"Host immune response and immunopathology\nThe immune response is vital for the control and resolution of CoV infections, while it can also lead to immunopathogenesis, associated with the immune response out of control. The S proteins of Coronavirus binds to the host cells by ACE2, fusing to the membrane and release the viral RNA. The viral RNAs, as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are detected by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Usually, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 sense viral RNA and DNA in the endosome [60, 61]. The viral RNA receptor retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) [62], cytosolic receptor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and nucleotidyltransferase cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) [63] are responsible for the recognition of viral RNA and DNA in the cytoplasm. These complex signalling recruit adaptors, including TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein including IFN-β (TRIF), mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS) [64] and stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) [65] to trigger downstream cascades molecules, involving adaptor molecule MyD88 and lead to the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I Interferons (IFN-α /β) and a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines [66]. Hence, virus-cell interactions produce a diverse set of immune mediators against the invading virus [67]. Innate immunity is needed in a precise regulation to eliminate the virus, otherwise will result in immunopathology. A few plasma cytokines and chemokines were observed ascended in COVID-19 patients, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, GCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IFN-γ and TNF-α [48, 68, 69]. Of note, an anatomy report of COVID-19 pneumonia corpse [70] indicated that COVID-19 caused an inflammatory response in the lower airway and led to lung injury. Collectively, the virus particles invade the respiratory mucosa firstly and infect other cells, triggering a series of immune responses and the production of cytokine storm in the body, which may be associated with the critical condition of COVID-19 patients."}

PMC:7068984 / 19557-21843 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

PMC:7068984 / 19557-21843 JSON TXT