PMC:7058650 / 13606-16902
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"103","span":{"begin":335,"end":344},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"104","span":{"begin":346,"end":356},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"105","span":{"begin":358,"end":367},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"106","span":{"begin":551,"end":570},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"107","span":{"begin":976,"end":994},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"109","span":{"begin":118,"end":127},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"115","span":{"begin":1518,"end":1529},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"116","span":{"begin":1532,"end":1542},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"117","span":{"begin":1730,"end":1736},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"118","span":{"begin":1610,"end":1618},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"119","span":{"begin":1780,"end":1788},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"123","span":{"begin":1068,"end":1077},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"124","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1279},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"125","span":{"begin":1341,"end":1347},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"127","span":{"begin":1902,"end":1911},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A103","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"103","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A104","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"104","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A105","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"105","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A106","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"106","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A107","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"107","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A109","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"109","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A115","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"115","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A116","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"116","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A117","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"117","obj":"Tax:9103"},{"id":"A118","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"118","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A119","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"119","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A123","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"123","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A124","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"124","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A125","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"125","obj":"Tax:9103"},{"id":"A127","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"127","obj":"Tax:2697049"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Results\nWe modelled 388 287 passengers travelling to 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories. The risk index of 2019-nCoV for these countries is presented in Figure 1. A regularly updated risk map is hosted on PANDORA's website ( https://ncovdata.io/import/).\nFig. 1. The map with the risk index of countries or territories with 2019-nCoV (SARS-COV-2) infection (0-1). The darker colour indicates higher risk and light blue colour indicates the absence of data. In general, China and neighbouring countries have a higher risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV infection. Africa and South America generally have a low risk of transmission. Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil have a similar risk of transmission to countries where at least one case has been detected. For example, the risk index of 0.1 for Thailand indicates that based on travel patterns observed during 1–31 January 2020 from four major cities of China, Thailand has 10% risk of importing a 2019-nCoV-infected person from China.\nOutside China, the countries with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission from our model were Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which have reported at least one case. Among the top 25 countries identified with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission (Fig. 2), all countries except four (Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) have detected at least one case as of 5 February 2020 (Table 1).\nFig. 2. Chart showing the relative risk of countries outside China being exposed to coronavirus ( SARS-COV-2) transmission. The second Y-axis indicates the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the WHO as of 5 February 2020. Twenty-one of the top 25 at-risk countries (except Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) reported at least one COVID-19 case by 5 February 2020.\nAccording to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one 2019-nCoV case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two (Sweden and Belgium) in the 3rd quantile, one (Nepal) in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile [14]. Asian and European countries are dominant in the 3rd and 4th quantile (high-risk index) while African and South American Countries are the majority in the 1st and 2nd quantiles (low-risk index) (Table 1). Out of 43 countries in the 4th quantile, 22 were from Asia and 13 from Pan-Europe, whereas in the 1st quantile, 19 out of 42 countries were from Africa (Table 1).\nThe overall risk of transmission of the virus into Africa is low. However, Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt and Mauritius have a similar risk score as countries where at least one case was detected. In South America, only Brazil has a similar or greater risk than countries currently reporting cases. In North America, both the USA and Canada have high risk and had imported cases reported early in the outbreak. Australia and New Zealand have risk similar to the countries where at least one case is detected. Although there are few direct flights from China to African destinations, a large number of indirect flights operate via Dubai, an international airport hub in the United Arab Emirates.\nThe correlation coefficient between the estimated risk index of the countries and the WHO-reported confirmed cases was 0.97."}
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":199,"end":202},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":278,"end":281},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1571,"end":1575},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67847"},{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67847"},{"id":"A3","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12520"}],"text":"Results\nWe modelled 388 287 passengers travelling to 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories. The risk index of 2019-nCoV for these countries is presented in Figure 1. A regularly updated risk map is hosted on PANDORA's website ( https://ncovdata.io/import/).\nFig. 1. The map with the risk index of countries or territories with 2019-nCoV (SARS-COV-2) infection (0-1). The darker colour indicates higher risk and light blue colour indicates the absence of data. In general, China and neighbouring countries have a higher risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV infection. Africa and South America generally have a low risk of transmission. Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil have a similar risk of transmission to countries where at least one case has been detected. For example, the risk index of 0.1 for Thailand indicates that based on travel patterns observed during 1–31 January 2020 from four major cities of China, Thailand has 10% risk of importing a 2019-nCoV-infected person from China.\nOutside China, the countries with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission from our model were Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which have reported at least one case. Among the top 25 countries identified with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission (Fig. 2), all countries except four (Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) have detected at least one case as of 5 February 2020 (Table 1).\nFig. 2. Chart showing the relative risk of countries outside China being exposed to coronavirus ( SARS-COV-2) transmission. The second Y-axis indicates the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the WHO as of 5 February 2020. Twenty-one of the top 25 at-risk countries (except Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) reported at least one COVID-19 case by 5 February 2020.\nAccording to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one 2019-nCoV case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two (Sweden and Belgium) in the 3rd quantile, one (Nepal) in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile [14]. Asian and European countries are dominant in the 3rd and 4th quantile (high-risk index) while African and South American Countries are the majority in the 1st and 2nd quantiles (low-risk index) (Table 1). Out of 43 countries in the 4th quantile, 22 were from Asia and 13 from Pan-Europe, whereas in the 1st quantile, 19 out of 42 countries were from Africa (Table 1).\nThe overall risk of transmission of the virus into Africa is low. However, Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt and Mauritius have a similar risk score as countries where at least one case was detected. In South America, only Brazil has a similar or greater risk than countries currently reporting cases. In North America, both the USA and Canada have high risk and had imported cases reported early in the outbreak. Australia and New Zealand have risk similar to the countries where at least one case is detected. Although there are few direct flights from China to African destinations, a large number of indirect flights operate via Dubai, an international airport hub in the United Arab Emirates.\nThe correlation coefficient between the estimated risk index of the countries and the WHO-reported confirmed cases was 0.97."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":346,"end":350},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":358,"end":367},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":551,"end":570},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":561,"end":570},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1532,"end":1536},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1610,"end":1618},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1780,"end":1788},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Results\nWe modelled 388 287 passengers travelling to 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories. The risk index of 2019-nCoV for these countries is presented in Figure 1. A regularly updated risk map is hosted on PANDORA's website ( https://ncovdata.io/import/).\nFig. 1. The map with the risk index of countries or territories with 2019-nCoV (SARS-COV-2) infection (0-1). The darker colour indicates higher risk and light blue colour indicates the absence of data. In general, China and neighbouring countries have a higher risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV infection. Africa and South America generally have a low risk of transmission. Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil have a similar risk of transmission to countries where at least one case has been detected. For example, the risk index of 0.1 for Thailand indicates that based on travel patterns observed during 1–31 January 2020 from four major cities of China, Thailand has 10% risk of importing a 2019-nCoV-infected person from China.\nOutside China, the countries with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission from our model were Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which have reported at least one case. Among the top 25 countries identified with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission (Fig. 2), all countries except four (Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) have detected at least one case as of 5 February 2020 (Table 1).\nFig. 2. Chart showing the relative risk of countries outside China being exposed to coronavirus ( SARS-COV-2) transmission. The second Y-axis indicates the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the WHO as of 5 February 2020. Twenty-one of the top 25 at-risk countries (except Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) reported at least one COVID-19 case by 5 February 2020.\nAccording to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one 2019-nCoV case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two (Sweden and Belgium) in the 3rd quantile, one (Nepal) in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile [14]. Asian and European countries are dominant in the 3rd and 4th quantile (high-risk index) while African and South American Countries are the majority in the 1st and 2nd quantiles (low-risk index) (Table 1). Out of 43 countries in the 4th quantile, 22 were from Asia and 13 from Pan-Europe, whereas in the 1st quantile, 19 out of 42 countries were from Africa (Table 1).\nThe overall risk of transmission of the virus into Africa is low. However, Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt and Mauritius have a similar risk score as countries where at least one case was detected. In South America, only Brazil has a similar or greater risk than countries currently reporting cases. In North America, both the USA and Canada have high risk and had imported cases reported early in the outbreak. Australia and New Zealand have risk similar to the countries where at least one case is detected. Although there are few direct flights from China to African destinations, a large number of indirect flights operate via Dubai, an international airport hub in the United Arab Emirates.\nThe correlation coefficient between the estimated risk index of the countries and the WHO-reported confirmed cases was 0.97."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":174,"end":175},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":518,"end":519},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":612,"end":613},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":697,"end":698},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":765,"end":768},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":948,"end":951},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":974,"end":975},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":1341,"end":1347},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9005"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":1730,"end":1736},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9005"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":2356,"end":2358},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":2386,"end":2389},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":2518,"end":2523},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":2602,"end":2603},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":2704,"end":2707},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":2708,"end":2709},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":3060,"end":3061},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Results\nWe modelled 388 287 passengers travelling to 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories. The risk index of 2019-nCoV for these countries is presented in Figure 1. A regularly updated risk map is hosted on PANDORA's website ( https://ncovdata.io/import/).\nFig. 1. The map with the risk index of countries or territories with 2019-nCoV (SARS-COV-2) infection (0-1). The darker colour indicates higher risk and light blue colour indicates the absence of data. In general, China and neighbouring countries have a higher risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV infection. Africa and South America generally have a low risk of transmission. Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil have a similar risk of transmission to countries where at least one case has been detected. For example, the risk index of 0.1 for Thailand indicates that based on travel patterns observed during 1–31 January 2020 from four major cities of China, Thailand has 10% risk of importing a 2019-nCoV-infected person from China.\nOutside China, the countries with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission from our model were Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which have reported at least one case. Among the top 25 countries identified with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission (Fig. 2), all countries except four (Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) have detected at least one case as of 5 February 2020 (Table 1).\nFig. 2. Chart showing the relative risk of countries outside China being exposed to coronavirus ( SARS-COV-2) transmission. The second Y-axis indicates the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the WHO as of 5 February 2020. Twenty-one of the top 25 at-risk countries (except Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) reported at least one COVID-19 case by 5 February 2020.\nAccording to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one 2019-nCoV case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two (Sweden and Belgium) in the 3rd quantile, one (Nepal) in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile [14]. Asian and European countries are dominant in the 3rd and 4th quantile (high-risk index) while African and South American Countries are the majority in the 1st and 2nd quantiles (low-risk index) (Table 1). Out of 43 countries in the 4th quantile, 22 were from Asia and 13 from Pan-Europe, whereas in the 1st quantile, 19 out of 42 countries were from Africa (Table 1).\nThe overall risk of transmission of the virus into Africa is low. However, Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt and Mauritius have a similar risk score as countries where at least one case was detected. In South America, only Brazil has a similar or greater risk than countries currently reporting cases. In North America, both the USA and Canada have high risk and had imported cases reported early in the outbreak. Australia and New Zealand have risk similar to the countries where at least one case is detected. Although there are few direct flights from China to African destinations, a large number of indirect flights operate via Dubai, an international airport hub in the United Arab Emirates.\nThe correlation coefficient between the estimated risk index of the countries and the WHO-reported confirmed cases was 0.97."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":0,"end":7},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":8,"end":99},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":100,"end":173},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":174,"end":265},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":266,"end":273},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":274,"end":374},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":375,"end":467},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":468,"end":571},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":572,"end":639},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":640,"end":783},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":784,"end":1013},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":1014,"end":1206},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":1207,"end":1433},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":1434,"end":1441},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":1442,"end":1557},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":1558,"end":1667},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":1668,"end":1813},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":1814,"end":2109},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":2110,"end":2314},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":2315,"end":2477},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":2478,"end":2543},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":2544,"end":2673},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":2674,"end":2775},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":2776,"end":2887},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":2888,"end":2985},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":2986,"end":3171},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":3172,"end":3296},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Results\nWe modelled 388 287 passengers travelling to 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories. The risk index of 2019-nCoV for these countries is presented in Figure 1. A regularly updated risk map is hosted on PANDORA's website ( https://ncovdata.io/import/).\nFig. 1. The map with the risk index of countries or territories with 2019-nCoV (SARS-COV-2) infection (0-1). The darker colour indicates higher risk and light blue colour indicates the absence of data. In general, China and neighbouring countries have a higher risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV infection. Africa and South America generally have a low risk of transmission. Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil have a similar risk of transmission to countries where at least one case has been detected. For example, the risk index of 0.1 for Thailand indicates that based on travel patterns observed during 1–31 January 2020 from four major cities of China, Thailand has 10% risk of importing a 2019-nCoV-infected person from China.\nOutside China, the countries with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission from our model were Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which have reported at least one case. Among the top 25 countries identified with the highest risk of 2019-nCoV transmission (Fig. 2), all countries except four (Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) have detected at least one case as of 5 February 2020 (Table 1).\nFig. 2. Chart showing the relative risk of countries outside China being exposed to coronavirus ( SARS-COV-2) transmission. The second Y-axis indicates the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the WHO as of 5 February 2020. Twenty-one of the top 25 at-risk countries (except Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan and Qatar) reported at least one COVID-19 case by 5 February 2020.\nAccording to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one 2019-nCoV case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two (Sweden and Belgium) in the 3rd quantile, one (Nepal) in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile [14]. Asian and European countries are dominant in the 3rd and 4th quantile (high-risk index) while African and South American Countries are the majority in the 1st and 2nd quantiles (low-risk index) (Table 1). Out of 43 countries in the 4th quantile, 22 were from Asia and 13 from Pan-Europe, whereas in the 1st quantile, 19 out of 42 countries were from Africa (Table 1).\nThe overall risk of transmission of the virus into Africa is low. However, Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt and Mauritius have a similar risk score as countries where at least one case was detected. In South America, only Brazil has a similar or greater risk than countries currently reporting cases. In North America, both the USA and Canada have high risk and had imported cases reported early in the outbreak. Australia and New Zealand have risk similar to the countries where at least one case is detected. Although there are few direct flights from China to African destinations, a large number of indirect flights operate via Dubai, an international airport hub in the United Arab Emirates.\nThe correlation coefficient between the estimated risk index of the countries and the WHO-reported confirmed cases was 0.97."}