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PMC:7033698 / 96-11441 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T3 513-516 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T4 1015-1021 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T5 2022-2034 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T6 2035-2039 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T7 2091-2096 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T8 2256-2258 Body_part denotes V1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13444|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68614
T10 2287-2299 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T11 2310-2313 Body_part denotes Gag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63011
T12 2314-2321 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T13 2337-2340 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T14 2534-2537 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T15 2540-2548 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T16 2597-2601 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T17 2643-2648 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T18 2727-2731 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T19 2751-2754 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T20 2757-2763 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T21 2863-2866 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T22 2980-2983 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T23 3049-3052 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T24 3316-3319 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T25 3575-3578 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T26 3724-3727 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T27 3820-3823 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T28 3949-3952 Body_part denotes gag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63011
T29 3974-3977 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T30 3980-3986 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T31 4120-4123 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T32 4190-4193 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T33 4325-4328 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T34 4459-4462 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T35 4496-4499 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T36 4511-4523 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T37 4653-4656 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T38 4668-4680 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T39 4764-4767 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T40 4876-4879 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T41 4996-4999 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T42 5002-5009 Body_part denotes genomes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T43 5071-5074 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T44 5088-5091 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T45 5165-5171 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T46 5268-5272 Body_part denotes Gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T47 5403-5406 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T48 5546-5549 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T49 5845-5848 Body_part denotes Gag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63011
T50 6243-6250 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T51 6304-6310 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T52 6471-6482 Body_part denotes amino acids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T53 7014-7018 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T54 7038-7041 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T55 7044-7050 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T56 7262-7266 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T57 7569-7576 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T58 7581-7584 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T59 7882-7885 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T60 7955-7957 Body_part denotes V1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13444|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68614
T62 7958-7960 Body_part denotes V2 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13443|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68615
T64 8146-8149 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T65 8379-8381 Body_part denotes V1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13444|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68614
T67 8392-8395 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T68 8405-8407 Body_part denotes V1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13444|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68614
T70 8598-8605 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T71 8647-8650 Body_part denotes Gag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63011
T72 8651-8658 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T73 8662-8665 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T74 8848-8855 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T75 8982-8985 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T76 9395-9399 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T77 9415-9418 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T78 9473-9478 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T79 9497-9502 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T80 9527-9530 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T81 9683-9688 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T82 9769-9776 Body_part denotes genomes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T83 9795-9800 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646

LitCovid_AGAC

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
p5387s24 2566-2574 PosReg denotes enhanced
p5387s25 2575-2583 MPA denotes affinity
p5387s31 2616-2624 PosReg denotes increase

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 137-164 Disease denotes zoonotic infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T2 146-164 Disease denotes infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T3 524-528 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T4 780-789 Disease denotes Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T5 1406-1410 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 3464-3473 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T7 10465-10469 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 10832-10841 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 5-6 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T2 32-33 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 53-59 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T4 135-136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 181-188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T6 192-198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T7 227-228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 349-350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 357-362 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T10 375-376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T11 517-521 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1 [1
T12 879-882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T13 1034-1039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T14 1218-1230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T15 1284-1285 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16 1326-1332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T17 1446-1447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 1494-1495 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 1496-1499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T20 1543-1546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T21 1594-1601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T22 1688-1695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T23 1742-1745 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T24 1857-1858 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 1882-1885 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T26 1920-1921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T27 2035-2039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T28 2065-2070 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T29 2091-2096 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T30 2597-2601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T31 2643-2648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T32 2727-2731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T33 2851-2858 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T34 3012-3019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T35 3200-3205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T36 3266-3267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T37 3436-3443 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T38 3484-3494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2759 denotes eukaryotic
T39 3495-3502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T40 3557-3558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T41 3942-3947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T42 4422-4431 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organisms
T43 4422-4431 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organisms
T44 4442-4449 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T45 4758-4759 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 5268-5272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes Gene
T47 5383-5388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 2 (2)
T48 5397-5402 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 2 (2)
T49 5429-5431 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T50 5433-5435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T51 5457-5467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2759 denotes Eukaryotic
T52 5468-5470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T53 5472-5474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T54 5530-5535 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes (3) 5
T55 5552-5554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T56 5555-5561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054057 denotes (18) 1
T57 5556-5558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T58 5587-5597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2759 denotes Eukaryotic
T59 5598-5605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T60 5646-5653 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T61 5665-5671 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 denotes (1) 21
T62 5696-5701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T63 5702-5707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1 (1)
T64 5968-5975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T65 6017-6021 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T66 6082-6086 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T67 6391-6394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T68 6696-6703 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T69 6878-6881 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T70 6886-6893 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T71 7014-7018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T72 7131-7138 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T73 7199-7202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T74 7219-7220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T75 7262-7266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T76 7279-7280 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T77 7356-7359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T78 7813-7821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labelled
T79 7979-7987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labelled
T80 8093-8095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627 denotes AA
T81 8228-8229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T82 8324-8327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T83 9000-9001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T84 9100-9103 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T85 9108-9115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T86 9162-9167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T87 9217-9226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organisms
T88 9217-9226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organisms
T89 9248-9251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T90 9283-9292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organisms
T91 9283-9292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organisms
T92 9358-9360 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T93 9367-9370 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T94 9375-9382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T95 9395-9399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T96 9443-9450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T97 9473-9478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T98 9497-9502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T99 9507-9510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T100 9515-9522 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T101 9683-9688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T102 9723-9726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T103 9731-9738 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T104 9795-9800 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T105 9872-9879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T106 9901-9908 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T107 10016-10019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T108 10024-10031 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T109 10117-10124 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T110 10135-10142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T111 10146-10152 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T112 10375-10382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T113 10442-10449 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T114 10474-10479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9837 denotes camel
T115 10610-10611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T116 10671-10672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T117 10707-10714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T118 10779-10786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 2022-2034 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T2 2287-2299 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T3 2314-2321 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T4 2540-2548 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T5 4511-4523 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T6 4668-4680 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T7 5850-5853 Chemical denotes Pro http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50342
T8 6243-6250 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T9 6471-6482 Chemical denotes amino acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T10 6471-6476 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T11 6477-6482 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T12 7569-7576 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T13 7859-7866 Chemical denotes magenta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_87661
T14 7965-7967 Chemical denotes LE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74531
T15 8093-8095 Chemical denotes AA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15843|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72816
T17 8230-8232 Chemical denotes LE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74531
T18 8598-8605 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T19 8651-8658 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T20 8848-8855 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T21 11221-11225 Chemical denotes fuel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33292

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 9332-9356 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035825 denotes homologous recombination
T2 9571-9579 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T5 0-101 Sentence denotes When a new pathogen that causes a global epidemic in humans, one key question is where it comes from.
T6 102-199 Sentence denotes This is especially important for a zoonotic infectious disease that jumps from animals to humans.
T7 200-321 Sentence denotes Knowing the origin of such a pathogen is critical to develop means to block further transmission and to develop vaccines.
T8 322-546 Sentence denotes Discovery of the origin of a newly human pathogen is a sophisticated process that requires extensive and vigorous scientific validations and generally takes many years, such as the cases for HIV-1 [1], SARS [2] and MERS [3].
T9 547-711 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, before the natural sources of new pathogens are clearly defined, conspiracy theories that the new pathogens are man-made often surface as the source.
T10 712-779 Sentence denotes However, in all cases, such theories have been debunked in history.
T11 780-875 Sentence denotes Infection from an emerging pathogenic coronavirus was first reported in December 2019 in China.
T12 876-1001 Sentence denotes It has now affected over 42,000 people and caused over 1,000 deaths in 25 countries (https://2019ncov.Chinacdc.Cn/2019-Ncov).
T13 1002-1153 Sentence denotes The complete genome of this new virus was quickly sequenced and made public on January 12, only about 2 weeks after the disease was first observed [4].
T14 1154-1237 Sentence denotes It was named as 2019-nCoV the following day by the World Health Organization (WHO).
T15 1238-1333 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis shows that 2019-nCoV is a new member of coronaviruses that infect humans.
T16 1334-1426 Sentence denotes It is genetically homogenous but distinct from coronaviruses that cause SARS and MERS [5,6].
T17 1427-1700 Sentence denotes However, it shares a high level of genetic similarity (96.3%) with a bat coronavirus RaTG13 which was obtained from bat in Yunnan in 2013, suggesting that RaTG13-like viruses are most likely the reservoir, but not the immediate sources of the current 2019-nCoV viruses [7].
T18 1701-1869 Sentence denotes Lack of the definite origin of 2019-nCoV has led to speculation that 2019-nCoV might be derived from genetic manipulation or even for the purpose of use as a bioweapon.
T19 1870-1919 Sentence denotes This notion has been fully debunked in the media.
T20 1920-2138 Sentence denotes A recent informally presented report, however, showed that 2019-nCoV had four insertions in the spike glycoprotein gene that is critical for the virus to enter the target cells when compared to other coronaviruses [8].
T21 2139-2410 Sentence denotes It was claimed that these inserts were either identical or similar to the motifs in the highly variable (V) regions (V1, V4 and V5) in the envelope glycoprotein or in the Gag protein of some unique HIV-1 strains from three different countries (Thailand, Kenya and India).
T22 2411-2662 Sentence denotes Together with the structure modelling analysis, the authors speculated that these motif insertions sharing similarity with HIV-1 proteins could provide an enhanced affinity towards host cell receptors and increase the range of host cells of 2019-nCoV.
T23 2663-2764 Sentence denotes This study implies that 2019-nCoV might be generated by gaining gene fragments from the HIV-1 genome.
T24 2765-2897 Sentence denotes Current report conducted careful examination of the sequences of 2019-nCoV, other CoV viruses and HIV-1 as well as GenBank database.
T25 2898-3055 Sentence denotes Our results demonstrated no evidence that the sequences of these four inserts are HIV-1 specific or the 2019-nCoV viruses obtain these insertions from HIV-1.
T26 3056-3250 Sentence denotes First, the results of blast search of these motifs against GenBank shows that the top 100 identical or highly homologous hits are all from host genes of mammalian, insects, bacterial and others.
T27 3251-3330 Sentence denotes There are only a few hits on coronaviruses, but none of them are HIV-1 related.
T28 3331-3513 Sentence denotes Blast against viral sequence database also showed these insertion sequences widely exist in all kinds of viruses from bacteriophage, influenza, to giant eukaryotic viruses (Table 1).
T29 3514-3645 Sentence denotes More hits were found for coronaviruses and a few also hit on HIV-1 sequences than the search against the entire database (Table 1).
T30 3646-3871 Sentence denotes However, while the 100% match between the insertion 1 and 2 sequences and the HIV sequences were found in 19 entries, the matches between the insertion 3 and 4 sequences and HIV-1 sequences were rather poor (from 42% to 88%).
T31 3872-4073 Sentence denotes Moreover, the insertion 4 sequence ambiguously hit multiple different genes (gag, pol and env) in the HIV-1 genome, suggesting that similarities (as low as 42%) between them are too low to be reliable.
T32 4074-4238 Sentence denotes Search these four insertion sequences against HIV-1 Sequence Database (https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/components/sequence/HIV/search/search.html) yielded similar results.
T33 4239-4341 Sentence denotes Sequences that completely match the insertion 3 and 4 sequences were not found in any HIV-1 sequences.
T34 4342-4474 Sentence denotes This clearly shows that these insertioin sequences are widely present in living organisms including viruses, but not HIV-1 specific.
T35 4475-4681 Sentence denotes All these regions in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein are highly variable with many large insertions and deletions, indicating that they are not essential for biological functions of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.
T36 4682-4892 Sentence denotes The detection of completely matched sequences of 1 and 2 insertions in only a few HIV-1 strains demonstrated that four insertions are very rare or not present among tens of thousands of natural HIV-1 sequences.
T37 4893-5014 Sentence denotes This also explains why four insertion homolog sequences could only be independently found in different HIV-1 genomes [8].
T38 5015-5172 Sentence denotes Because of their poor identities to and rareness in the HIV-1 sequences, HIV-1 could not be the source for those insertion sequences in the 2019-nCoV genome.
T39 5173-5181 Sentence denotes Table 1.
T40 5182-5258 Sentence denotes Blast search results of four insertion sequences against sequence databases.
T41 5259-5363 Sentence denotes Database Gene source Insertion 1 TNGTKR Insertion 2 HKNNKS Insertion 3 RSYLTPGDSSSG Insertion 4 QTNSPRRA
T42 5364-5402 Sentence denotes Whole database CoV 2 (2) 0 3 (3) 2 (2)
T43 5403-5416 Sentence denotes HIV-1 0 0 0 0
T44 5417-5456 Sentence denotes Prokaryotic 27 (27) 3 (3) 74 (0) 66 (1)
T45 5457-5497 Sentence denotes Eukaryotic 71 (71) 97 (97) 23 (0) 32 (1)
T46 5498-5545 Sentence denotes Only viral database CoV 3 (3) 3 (3) 5 (3) 3 (2)
T47 5546-5580 Sentence denotes HIV-1 18 (18) 1 (1) 4 (0)* 6 (0)**
T48 5581-5633 Sentence denotes Other Eukaryotic viruses 49 (2) 66 (8) 69 (0) 62 (0)
T49 5634-5682 Sentence denotes Prokaryotic viruses 29 (13) 30 (1) 21 (0) 28 (0)
T50 5683-5721 Sentence denotes Unclassified virus 1 (1) 0 1 (0) 1 (0)
T51 5722-5908 Sentence denotes Top 100 hits are analyzed and the numbers of 100% matches are shown in parentheses. * Similarity at 67%; ** Random hits in Gag, Pro and Env sequences with similarity between 42% and 88%.
T52 5909-6131 Sentence denotes Second, these insertions are present not only in 2019-nCoV viruses but also in three betaCoV sequences from bats: two (ZC45 and ZXC21) from Zhejiang deposited in GenBank in 2018 and RaTG13 from Yunnan obtained in 2013 [8].
T53 6132-6214 Sentence denotes The RaTG13 is much more similar to 2019-nCoV than both ZC45 and ZXC21 (Figure 1A).
T54 6215-6289 Sentence denotes The similarity of the spike protein between RaTG13 and 2019-nCoV is 97.7%.
T55 6290-6506 Sentence denotes In the RaTG13 genome, two inserts are identical (HKNNKS and RSYLTPGDSSSG) to those in 2019-nCoV, one has one T → I substitution (TNGIKR), and the fourth one misses the C-terminal 4 amino acids (QTNS----) (Figure 1B).
T56 6507-6667 Sentence denotes ZC45 and ZXC21 are more divergent from 2019-nCoV than RaTG13, but both also contain similar insertions at three insertion sites, except insertion 4 (Figure 1B).
T57 6668-6785 Sentence denotes Furthermore, many other CoV viruses have similar insertions but with different sequences at the insertion 1 position.
T58 6786-6926 Sentence denotes These results clearly show that three out of four of these inserts naturally exist in three bat CoV viruses before 2019-nCoV was identified.
T59 6927-7051 Sentence denotes This undoubtedly refutes the possibility that 2019-nCoV is generated through obtaining gene fragments from the HIV-1 genome.
T60 7052-7139 Sentence denotes Instead, it is much more likely that 2019-nCoV originated from RaTG13-like CoV viruses.
T61 7140-7149 Sentence denotes Figure 1.
T62 7150-7382 Sentence denotes Sequence and structure analysis of 2019-nCoV and bat coronaviruses. (A) Phylogenetic tree analysis of the spike gene sequences. (B) Sequence alignment of suspected insertion sites between the 2019-nCoV and bat coronavirus sequences.
T63 7383-7434 Sentence denotes The deletions in the alignment are shown as dashes.
T64 7435-7593 Sentence denotes The numbers of insertions are indicated at the top of the alignment. (C) Structure comparison of the four insertions in the CoV spike protein and HIV-1 gp120.
T65 7594-7673 Sentence denotes 2019-nCoV structure was modelled using I-TASSER server with default parameters.
T66 7674-7787 Sentence denotes Only relevant domains with residues 1 to 708 (exclude residues from 305 to 603) were presented as ribbon diagram.
T67 7788-7881 Sentence denotes The four insertions were labelled and coloured in red, blue, green and magenta, respectively.
T68 7882-7946 Sentence denotes HIV-1 gp120 structure (PDB 1GC1) is presented as ribbon diagram.
T69 7947-8046 Sentence denotes V4, V5, V1/V2 and LE loops were labelled and coloured in red, blue, green, and black, respectively.
T70 8047-8254 Sentence denotes Third, insertions 1 and 2 in 2019-nCoV have 6-AA motifs identical to those in V4 and V5 of certain HIV-1 gp120 isolates, which are structurally close to each other but separated by a LE loop (Figure 1C) [9].
T71 8255-8404 Sentence denotes However, insertion 3 located between insertions 1 and 2 in 2019-nCoV has sequences similar (with deletions) to those in the V1 region of HIV-1 gp120.
T72 8405-8621 Sentence denotes V1 is far away from V4 and V5 on the opposite side of gp120, which should not interact with V4/V5 in gp120 (Figure 1C) but is now inserted between V4 and V5 in the modelled the 2019-nCoV spike protein structure [10].
T73 8622-8708 Sentence denotes Insertion 4 was found in Gag protein of HIV-1 that is not associated with viral entry.
T74 8709-8868 Sentence denotes This insertion is located too far to be considered to form the same structural unit with the other three insertions in the 2019-nCoV spike protein (Figure 1C).
T75 8869-9085 Sentence denotes We do not see any selection benefit or rationale for 2019-nCoV to obtain and mix structurally unrelated parts of HIV-1 to generate a unique structure for its enhanced receptor binding as indicated by the authors [8].
T76 9086-9153 Sentence denotes How the three bat CoV viruses obtain those inserts remains unknown.
T77 9154-9362 Sentence denotes For any virus to obtain additional insert sequences from other organisms, it requires that it has direct interactions with other organisms, most likely through homologous or non-homologous recombination [11].
T78 9363-9479 Sentence denotes For bat CoV viruses to gain the gene fragments from HIV-1, it will require both viruses to co-infect the same cells.
T79 9480-9612 Sentence denotes Because the host cells for bat CoV viruses and HIV-1 are different, the chance for both to exchange genetic materials is negligible.
T80 9613-9832 Sentence denotes On the contrary, these motifs are widely present in various mammalian cells and so it will be more likely for bat CoV viruses to gain those motifs from the genomes of their infected cells if recombination indeed occurs.
T81 9833-9948 Sentence denotes However, extensive studies of more CoV viruses in wild and domestic animals are warranted to address this question.
T82 9949-10177 Sentence denotes Identification of the origins of these inserted sequences in three bat CoV viruses and the new epidemic 2019-nCoV strain will be important for us to understand how CoV viruses jump from animals to humans and adapt in the latter.
T83 10178-10251 Sentence denotes Current data showed that RaTG13 is most closely related to 2019-nCoV [7].
T84 10252-10368 Sentence denotes However, the genetic difference between them is too high for RaTG13 to serve as the immediate ancestor of 2019-nCoV.
T85 10369-10526 Sentence denotes Other viruses that are more closely related to 2019-nCoV in intermediate animals like civet for SARS and camel for MERS [3,12] are remained to be identified.
T86 10527-10595 Sentence denotes More studies are necessary to identify the real source of 2019-nCoV.
T87 10596-10715 Sentence denotes This may take a long time to identify the origin of 2019-nCoV by screening a large number of wild and domestic animals.
T88 10716-10865 Sentence denotes In any case, reducing or eliminating direct contacts with wild animals will be critical to control the new epidemic infection diseases in the future.
T89 10866-10983 Sentence denotes The advances in bioinformatics analysis tools are widely used to easily and rapidly analyse newly obtained sequences.
T90 10984-11140 Sentence denotes However, great care is required for comprehensive and thorough analysis to fully understand the real biological implications of the new genomic information.
T91 11141-11345 Sentence denotes Biased, partial and incorrect analysis can dangerously lead to conclusions that fuel conspiracies and harm the process of true scientific discoveries and the effort to control the damage to public health.

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
11 53-59 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
12 192-198 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
13 357-362 Species denotes human Tax:9606
14 513-518 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
15 137-164 Disease denotes zoonotic infectious disease MESH:D015047
16 524-528 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
17 537-541 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
33 818-829 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
34 908-914 Species denotes people Tax:9606
35 969-977 Species denotes 2019ncov Tax:2697049
36 990-999 Species denotes 2019-Ncov Tax:2697049
37 1170-1179 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
38 1271-1280 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
39 1300-1313 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
40 1326-1332 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
41 1381-1394 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
42 1496-1518 Species denotes bat coronavirus RaTG13 Tax:2709072
43 1678-1687 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
44 780-789 Disease denotes Infection MESH:D007239
45 937-943 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
46 1406-1410 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
47 1415-1419 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
58 2310-2313 Gene denotes Gag Gene:155030
59 1732-1741 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
60 1770-1779 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
61 1979-1988 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
62 2120-2133 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
63 2337-2342 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
64 2534-2539 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
65 2652-2661 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
66 2687-2696 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
67 2751-2756 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
74 5379-5384 Species denotes CoV 2 Tax:2697049
75 5403-5408 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
76 5280-5289 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
77 5299-5308 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
78 5318-5327 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
79 5343-5352 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
81 5211-5230 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673
85 5845-5848 Gene denotes Gag Gene:155030
86 5858-5861 Gene denotes Env Gene:100616444
87 5850-5853 Chemical denotes Pro MESH:D011392
123 3962-3965 Gene denotes env Gene:100616444
124 3949-3952 Gene denotes gag Gene:155030
125 2830-2839 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
126 2847-2850 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
127 2863-2868 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
128 2980-2985 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
129 3002-3011 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
130 3049-3054 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
131 3209-3218 Species denotes mammalian Tax:9606
132 3280-3293 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
133 3316-3321 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
134 3387-3406 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673
135 3449-3462 Species denotes bacteriophage Tax:38018
136 3539-3552 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
137 3575-3580 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
138 3820-3825 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
139 3974-3979 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
140 4092-4111 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673
141 4120-4125 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
142 4325-4330 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
143 4459-4464 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
144 4496-4501 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
145 4653-4658 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
146 4764-4769 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
147 4876-4881 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
148 4996-5001 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
149 5071-5076 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
150 5088-5093 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
151 5128-5147 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673
152 5155-5164 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
153 3688-3697 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
154 3788-3797 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
155 3886-3895 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
156 4275-4284 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
157 4921-4930 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
171 7256-7261 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
172 7587-7592 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
173 7888-7893 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
174 7563-7568 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
175 7185-7194 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
176 7203-7216 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
177 7342-7351 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
178 7356-7371 Species denotes bat coronavirus Tax:1508220
179 7559-7562 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
180 7581-7586 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
181 7594-7603 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
182 7882-7887 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
183 7314-7323 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
201 6237-6242 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
202 5958-5967 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
203 5994-6001 Species denotes betaCoV Tax:694002
204 6167-6176 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
205 6270-6279 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
206 6376-6385 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
207 6546-6555 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
208 6692-6695 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
209 6882-6885 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
210 6901-6910 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
211 6973-6982 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
212 7038-7043 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
213 7089-7098 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
214 7127-7130 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
215 6619-6628 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
216 6643-6652 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
217 6764-6773 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
237 8152-8157 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
238 8398-8403 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
239 8459-8464 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
240 8506-8511 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
241 8647-8650 Gene denotes Gag Gene:155030
242 8842-8847 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
243 8592-8597 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
244 8076-8085 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
245 8146-8151 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
246 8314-8323 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
247 8392-8397 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
248 8582-8591 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
249 8662-8667 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
250 8832-8841 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
251 8922-8931 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
252 8982-8987 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
253 8264-8273 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
254 8622-8631 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
255 8714-8723 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
265 9104-9107 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
266 9371-9374 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
267 9415-9420 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
268 9511-9514 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
269 9527-9532 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
270 9673-9682 Species denotes mammalian Tax:9606
271 9727-9730 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
272 9868-9871 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
273 9786-9794 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
287 10020-10023 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
288 10053-10062 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
289 10113-10116 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
290 10146-10152 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
291 10237-10246 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
292 10358-10367 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
293 10416-10425 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
294 10474-10479 Species denotes camel Tax:9837
295 10585-10594 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
296 10648-10657 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
297 10465-10469 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
298 10484-10488 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
299 10832-10850 Disease denotes infection diseases MESH:D007239