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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 0-3 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T2 42-48 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T3 609-612 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T4 1111-1117 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T5 2118-2130 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T6 2131-2135 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T7 2187-2192 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T8 2352-2354 Body_part denotes V1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13444|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68614
T10 2383-2395 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T11 2406-2409 Body_part denotes Gag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63011
T12 2410-2417 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T13 2433-2436 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T14 2630-2633 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T15 2636-2644 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T16 2693-2697 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T17 2739-2744 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T18 2823-2827 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T19 2847-2850 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T20 2853-2859 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T21 2959-2962 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T22 3076-3079 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T23 3145-3148 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T24 3412-3415 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T25 3671-3674 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T26 3820-3823 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T27 3916-3919 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T28 4045-4048 Body_part denotes gag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63011
T29 4070-4073 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T30 4076-4082 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T31 4216-4219 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T32 4286-4289 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T33 4421-4424 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T34 4555-4558 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T35 4592-4595 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T36 4607-4619 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T37 4749-4752 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T38 4764-4776 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T39 4860-4863 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T40 4972-4975 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T41 5092-5095 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T42 5098-5105 Body_part denotes genomes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T43 5167-5170 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T44 5184-5187 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T45 5261-5267 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T46 5364-5368 Body_part denotes Gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T47 5499-5502 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T48 5642-5645 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T49 5941-5944 Body_part denotes Gag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63011
T50 6339-6346 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T51 6400-6406 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T52 6567-6578 Body_part denotes amino acids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T53 7110-7114 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T54 7134-7137 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T55 7140-7146 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T56 7358-7362 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T57 7665-7672 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T58 7677-7680 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T59 7978-7981 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T60 8051-8053 Body_part denotes V1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13444|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68614
T62 8054-8056 Body_part denotes V2 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13443|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68615
T64 8242-8245 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T65 8475-8477 Body_part denotes V1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13444|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68614
T67 8488-8491 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T68 8501-8503 Body_part denotes V1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13444|http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68614
T70 8694-8701 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T71 8743-8746 Body_part denotes Gag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63011
T72 8747-8754 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T73 8758-8761 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T74 8944-8951 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T75 9078-9081 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T76 9491-9495 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T77 9511-9514 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T78 9569-9574 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T79 9593-9598 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T80 9623-9626 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T81 9779-9784 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T82 9865-9872 Body_part denotes genomes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T83 9891-9896 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646

LitCovid_AGAC

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
p5387s24 2662-2670 PosReg denotes enhanced
p5387s25 2671-2679 MPA denotes affinity
p5387s31 2712-2720 PosReg denotes increase

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 233-260 Disease denotes zoonotic infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T2 242-260 Disease denotes infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T3 620-624 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T4 876-885 Disease denotes Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T5 1502-1506 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 3560-3569 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T7 10561-10565 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 10928-10937 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 101-102 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T2 128-129 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 149-155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T4 231-232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 277-284 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T6 288-294 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T7 323-324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 445-446 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 453-458 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T10 471-472 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T11 613-617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1 [1
T12 975-978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T13 1130-1135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T14 1314-1326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T15 1380-1381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16 1422-1428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T17 1542-1543 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 1590-1591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 1592-1595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T20 1639-1642 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T21 1690-1697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T22 1784-1791 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T23 1838-1841 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T24 1953-1954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 1978-1981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T26 2016-2017 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T27 2131-2135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T28 2161-2166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T29 2187-2192 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T30 2693-2697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T31 2739-2744 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T32 2823-2827 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T33 2947-2954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T34 3108-3115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T35 3296-3301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T36 3362-3363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T37 3532-3539 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T38 3580-3590 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2759 denotes eukaryotic
T39 3591-3598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T40 3653-3654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T41 4038-4043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T42 4518-4527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organisms
T43 4518-4527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organisms
T44 4538-4545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T45 4854-4855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 5364-5368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes Gene
T47 5479-5484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 2 (2)
T48 5493-5498 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 2 (2)
T49 5525-5527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T50 5529-5531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T51 5553-5563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2759 denotes Eukaryotic
T52 5564-5566 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T53 5568-5570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T54 5626-5631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes (3) 5
T55 5648-5650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T56 5651-5657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054057 denotes (18) 1
T57 5652-5654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T58 5683-5693 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2759 denotes Eukaryotic
T59 5694-5701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T60 5742-5749 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T61 5761-5767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 denotes (1) 21
T62 5792-5797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T63 5798-5803 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1 (1)
T64 6064-6071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T65 6113-6117 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T66 6178-6182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T67 6487-6490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T68 6792-6799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T69 6974-6977 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T70 6982-6989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T71 7110-7114 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T72 7227-7234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T73 7295-7298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T74 7315-7316 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T75 7358-7362 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T76 7375-7376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T77 7452-7455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T78 7909-7917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labelled
T79 8075-8083 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labelled
T80 8189-8191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627 denotes AA
T81 8324-8325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T82 8420-8423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T83 9096-9097 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T84 9196-9199 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T85 9204-9211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T86 9258-9263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T87 9313-9322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organisms
T88 9313-9322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organisms
T89 9344-9347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T90 9379-9388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organisms
T91 9379-9388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organisms
T92 9454-9456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T93 9463-9466 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T94 9471-9478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T95 9491-9495 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T96 9539-9546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T97 9569-9574 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T98 9593-9598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T99 9603-9606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T100 9611-9618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T101 9779-9784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T102 9819-9822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T103 9827-9834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T104 9891-9896 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T105 9968-9975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T106 9997-10004 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T107 10112-10115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T108 10120-10127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T109 10213-10220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T110 10231-10238 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T111 10242-10248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T112 10471-10478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T113 10538-10545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T114 10570-10575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9837 denotes camel
T115 10706-10707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T116 10767-10768 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T117 10803-10810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T118 10875-10882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T119 11724-11726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001022 denotes Li
T120 11724-11726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007314 denotes Li

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 2118-2130 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T2 2383-2395 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T3 2410-2417 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T4 2636-2644 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T5 4607-4619 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T6 4764-4776 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T7 5946-5949 Chemical denotes Pro http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50342
T8 6339-6346 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T9 6567-6578 Chemical denotes amino acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T10 6567-6572 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T11 6573-6578 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T12 7665-7672 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T13 7955-7962 Chemical denotes magenta http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_87661
T14 8061-8063 Chemical denotes LE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74531
T15 8189-8191 Chemical denotes AA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15843|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72816
T17 8326-8328 Chemical denotes LE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74531
T18 8694-8701 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T19 8747-8754 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T20 8944-8951 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T21 11317-11321 Chemical denotes fuel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33292
T22 11724-11726 Chemical denotes Li http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30145

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 9428-9452 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035825 denotes homologous recombination
T2 9667-9675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-48 Sentence denotes HIV-1 did not contribute to the 2019-nCoV genome
T2 49-79 Sentence denotes Emerging Microbes & Infections
T3 80-82 Sentence denotes C.
T4 83-94 Sentence denotes Xiao et al.
T5 96-197 Sentence denotes When a new pathogen that causes a global epidemic in humans, one key question is where it comes from.
T6 198-295 Sentence denotes This is especially important for a zoonotic infectious disease that jumps from animals to humans.
T7 296-417 Sentence denotes Knowing the origin of such a pathogen is critical to develop means to block further transmission and to develop vaccines.
T8 418-642 Sentence denotes Discovery of the origin of a newly human pathogen is a sophisticated process that requires extensive and vigorous scientific validations and generally takes many years, such as the cases for HIV-1 [1], SARS [2] and MERS [3].
T9 643-807 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, before the natural sources of new pathogens are clearly defined, conspiracy theories that the new pathogens are man-made often surface as the source.
T10 808-875 Sentence denotes However, in all cases, such theories have been debunked in history.
T11 876-971 Sentence denotes Infection from an emerging pathogenic coronavirus was first reported in December 2019 in China.
T12 972-1097 Sentence denotes It has now affected over 42,000 people and caused over 1,000 deaths in 25 countries (https://2019ncov.Chinacdc.Cn/2019-Ncov).
T13 1098-1249 Sentence denotes The complete genome of this new virus was quickly sequenced and made public on January 12, only about 2 weeks after the disease was first observed [4].
T14 1250-1333 Sentence denotes It was named as 2019-nCoV the following day by the World Health Organization (WHO).
T15 1334-1429 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis shows that 2019-nCoV is a new member of coronaviruses that infect humans.
T16 1430-1522 Sentence denotes It is genetically homogenous but distinct from coronaviruses that cause SARS and MERS [5,6].
T17 1523-1796 Sentence denotes However, it shares a high level of genetic similarity (96.3%) with a bat coronavirus RaTG13 which was obtained from bat in Yunnan in 2013, suggesting that RaTG13-like viruses are most likely the reservoir, but not the immediate sources of the current 2019-nCoV viruses [7].
T18 1797-1965 Sentence denotes Lack of the definite origin of 2019-nCoV has led to speculation that 2019-nCoV might be derived from genetic manipulation or even for the purpose of use as a bioweapon.
T19 1966-2015 Sentence denotes This notion has been fully debunked in the media.
T20 2016-2234 Sentence denotes A recent informally presented report, however, showed that 2019-nCoV had four insertions in the spike glycoprotein gene that is critical for the virus to enter the target cells when compared to other coronaviruses [8].
T21 2235-2506 Sentence denotes It was claimed that these inserts were either identical or similar to the motifs in the highly variable (V) regions (V1, V4 and V5) in the envelope glycoprotein or in the Gag protein of some unique HIV-1 strains from three different countries (Thailand, Kenya and India).
T22 2507-2758 Sentence denotes Together with the structure modelling analysis, the authors speculated that these motif insertions sharing similarity with HIV-1 proteins could provide an enhanced affinity towards host cell receptors and increase the range of host cells of 2019-nCoV.
T23 2759-2860 Sentence denotes This study implies that 2019-nCoV might be generated by gaining gene fragments from the HIV-1 genome.
T24 2861-2993 Sentence denotes Current report conducted careful examination of the sequences of 2019-nCoV, other CoV viruses and HIV-1 as well as GenBank database.
T25 2994-3151 Sentence denotes Our results demonstrated no evidence that the sequences of these four inserts are HIV-1 specific or the 2019-nCoV viruses obtain these insertions from HIV-1.
T26 3152-3346 Sentence denotes First, the results of blast search of these motifs against GenBank shows that the top 100 identical or highly homologous hits are all from host genes of mammalian, insects, bacterial and others.
T27 3347-3426 Sentence denotes There are only a few hits on coronaviruses, but none of them are HIV-1 related.
T28 3427-3609 Sentence denotes Blast against viral sequence database also showed these insertion sequences widely exist in all kinds of viruses from bacteriophage, influenza, to giant eukaryotic viruses (Table 1).
T29 3610-3741 Sentence denotes More hits were found for coronaviruses and a few also hit on HIV-1 sequences than the search against the entire database (Table 1).
T30 3742-3967 Sentence denotes However, while the 100% match between the insertion 1 and 2 sequences and the HIV sequences were found in 19 entries, the matches between the insertion 3 and 4 sequences and HIV-1 sequences were rather poor (from 42% to 88%).
T31 3968-4169 Sentence denotes Moreover, the insertion 4 sequence ambiguously hit multiple different genes (gag, pol and env) in the HIV-1 genome, suggesting that similarities (as low as 42%) between them are too low to be reliable.
T32 4170-4334 Sentence denotes Search these four insertion sequences against HIV-1 Sequence Database (https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/components/sequence/HIV/search/search.html) yielded similar results.
T33 4335-4437 Sentence denotes Sequences that completely match the insertion 3 and 4 sequences were not found in any HIV-1 sequences.
T34 4438-4570 Sentence denotes This clearly shows that these insertioin sequences are widely present in living organisms including viruses, but not HIV-1 specific.
T35 4571-4777 Sentence denotes All these regions in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein are highly variable with many large insertions and deletions, indicating that they are not essential for biological functions of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.
T36 4778-4988 Sentence denotes The detection of completely matched sequences of 1 and 2 insertions in only a few HIV-1 strains demonstrated that four insertions are very rare or not present among tens of thousands of natural HIV-1 sequences.
T37 4989-5110 Sentence denotes This also explains why four insertion homolog sequences could only be independently found in different HIV-1 genomes [8].
T38 5111-5268 Sentence denotes Because of their poor identities to and rareness in the HIV-1 sequences, HIV-1 could not be the source for those insertion sequences in the 2019-nCoV genome.
T39 5269-5277 Sentence denotes Table 1.
T40 5278-5354 Sentence denotes Blast search results of four insertion sequences against sequence databases.
T41 5355-5459 Sentence denotes Database Gene source Insertion 1 TNGTKR Insertion 2 HKNNKS Insertion 3 RSYLTPGDSSSG Insertion 4 QTNSPRRA
T42 5460-5498 Sentence denotes Whole database CoV 2 (2) 0 3 (3) 2 (2)
T43 5499-5512 Sentence denotes HIV-1 0 0 0 0
T44 5513-5552 Sentence denotes Prokaryotic 27 (27) 3 (3) 74 (0) 66 (1)
T45 5553-5593 Sentence denotes Eukaryotic 71 (71) 97 (97) 23 (0) 32 (1)
T46 5594-5641 Sentence denotes Only viral database CoV 3 (3) 3 (3) 5 (3) 3 (2)
T47 5642-5676 Sentence denotes HIV-1 18 (18) 1 (1) 4 (0)* 6 (0)**
T48 5677-5729 Sentence denotes Other Eukaryotic viruses 49 (2) 66 (8) 69 (0) 62 (0)
T49 5730-5778 Sentence denotes Prokaryotic viruses 29 (13) 30 (1) 21 (0) 28 (0)
T50 5779-5817 Sentence denotes Unclassified virus 1 (1) 0 1 (0) 1 (0)
T51 5818-6004 Sentence denotes Top 100 hits are analyzed and the numbers of 100% matches are shown in parentheses. * Similarity at 67%; ** Random hits in Gag, Pro and Env sequences with similarity between 42% and 88%.
T52 6005-6227 Sentence denotes Second, these insertions are present not only in 2019-nCoV viruses but also in three betaCoV sequences from bats: two (ZC45 and ZXC21) from Zhejiang deposited in GenBank in 2018 and RaTG13 from Yunnan obtained in 2013 [8].
T53 6228-6310 Sentence denotes The RaTG13 is much more similar to 2019-nCoV than both ZC45 and ZXC21 (Figure 1A).
T54 6311-6385 Sentence denotes The similarity of the spike protein between RaTG13 and 2019-nCoV is 97.7%.
T55 6386-6602 Sentence denotes In the RaTG13 genome, two inserts are identical (HKNNKS and RSYLTPGDSSSG) to those in 2019-nCoV, one has one T → I substitution (TNGIKR), and the fourth one misses the C-terminal 4 amino acids (QTNS----) (Figure 1B).
T56 6603-6763 Sentence denotes ZC45 and ZXC21 are more divergent from 2019-nCoV than RaTG13, but both also contain similar insertions at three insertion sites, except insertion 4 (Figure 1B).
T57 6764-6881 Sentence denotes Furthermore, many other CoV viruses have similar insertions but with different sequences at the insertion 1 position.
T58 6882-7022 Sentence denotes These results clearly show that three out of four of these inserts naturally exist in three bat CoV viruses before 2019-nCoV was identified.
T59 7023-7147 Sentence denotes This undoubtedly refutes the possibility that 2019-nCoV is generated through obtaining gene fragments from the HIV-1 genome.
T60 7148-7235 Sentence denotes Instead, it is much more likely that 2019-nCoV originated from RaTG13-like CoV viruses.
T61 7236-7245 Sentence denotes Figure 1.
T62 7246-7478 Sentence denotes Sequence and structure analysis of 2019-nCoV and bat coronaviruses. (A) Phylogenetic tree analysis of the spike gene sequences. (B) Sequence alignment of suspected insertion sites between the 2019-nCoV and bat coronavirus sequences.
T63 7479-7530 Sentence denotes The deletions in the alignment are shown as dashes.
T64 7531-7689 Sentence denotes The numbers of insertions are indicated at the top of the alignment. (C) Structure comparison of the four insertions in the CoV spike protein and HIV-1 gp120.
T65 7690-7769 Sentence denotes 2019-nCoV structure was modelled using I-TASSER server with default parameters.
T66 7770-7883 Sentence denotes Only relevant domains with residues 1 to 708 (exclude residues from 305 to 603) were presented as ribbon diagram.
T67 7884-7977 Sentence denotes The four insertions were labelled and coloured in red, blue, green and magenta, respectively.
T68 7978-8042 Sentence denotes HIV-1 gp120 structure (PDB 1GC1) is presented as ribbon diagram.
T69 8043-8142 Sentence denotes V4, V5, V1/V2 and LE loops were labelled and coloured in red, blue, green, and black, respectively.
T70 8143-8350 Sentence denotes Third, insertions 1 and 2 in 2019-nCoV have 6-AA motifs identical to those in V4 and V5 of certain HIV-1 gp120 isolates, which are structurally close to each other but separated by a LE loop (Figure 1C) [9].
T71 8351-8500 Sentence denotes However, insertion 3 located between insertions 1 and 2 in 2019-nCoV has sequences similar (with deletions) to those in the V1 region of HIV-1 gp120.
T72 8501-8717 Sentence denotes V1 is far away from V4 and V5 on the opposite side of gp120, which should not interact with V4/V5 in gp120 (Figure 1C) but is now inserted between V4 and V5 in the modelled the 2019-nCoV spike protein structure [10].
T73 8718-8804 Sentence denotes Insertion 4 was found in Gag protein of HIV-1 that is not associated with viral entry.
T74 8805-8964 Sentence denotes This insertion is located too far to be considered to form the same structural unit with the other three insertions in the 2019-nCoV spike protein (Figure 1C).
T75 8965-9181 Sentence denotes We do not see any selection benefit or rationale for 2019-nCoV to obtain and mix structurally unrelated parts of HIV-1 to generate a unique structure for its enhanced receptor binding as indicated by the authors [8].
T76 9182-9249 Sentence denotes How the three bat CoV viruses obtain those inserts remains unknown.
T77 9250-9458 Sentence denotes For any virus to obtain additional insert sequences from other organisms, it requires that it has direct interactions with other organisms, most likely through homologous or non-homologous recombination [11].
T78 9459-9575 Sentence denotes For bat CoV viruses to gain the gene fragments from HIV-1, it will require both viruses to co-infect the same cells.
T79 9576-9708 Sentence denotes Because the host cells for bat CoV viruses and HIV-1 are different, the chance for both to exchange genetic materials is negligible.
T80 9709-9928 Sentence denotes On the contrary, these motifs are widely present in various mammalian cells and so it will be more likely for bat CoV viruses to gain those motifs from the genomes of their infected cells if recombination indeed occurs.
T81 9929-10044 Sentence denotes However, extensive studies of more CoV viruses in wild and domestic animals are warranted to address this question.
T82 10045-10273 Sentence denotes Identification of the origins of these inserted sequences in three bat CoV viruses and the new epidemic 2019-nCoV strain will be important for us to understand how CoV viruses jump from animals to humans and adapt in the latter.
T83 10274-10347 Sentence denotes Current data showed that RaTG13 is most closely related to 2019-nCoV [7].
T84 10348-10464 Sentence denotes However, the genetic difference between them is too high for RaTG13 to serve as the immediate ancestor of 2019-nCoV.
T85 10465-10622 Sentence denotes Other viruses that are more closely related to 2019-nCoV in intermediate animals like civet for SARS and camel for MERS [3,12] are remained to be identified.
T86 10623-10691 Sentence denotes More studies are necessary to identify the real source of 2019-nCoV.
T87 10692-10811 Sentence denotes This may take a long time to identify the origin of 2019-nCoV by screening a large number of wild and domestic animals.
T88 10812-10961 Sentence denotes In any case, reducing or eliminating direct contacts with wild animals will be critical to control the new epidemic infection diseases in the future.
T89 10962-11079 Sentence denotes The advances in bioinformatics analysis tools are widely used to easily and rapidly analyse newly obtained sequences.
T90 11080-11236 Sentence denotes However, great care is required for comprehensive and thorough analysis to fully understand the real biological implications of the new genomic information.
T91 11237-11441 Sentence denotes Biased, partial and incorrect analysis can dangerously lead to conclusions that fuel conspiracies and harm the process of true scientific discoveries and the effort to control the damage to public health.
T92 11443-11458 Sentence denotes Acknowledgments
T93 11459-11621 Sentence denotes We greatly appreciate Youyu He (Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology) in helping us to blast the insertion sequences against the viral sequence database.
T94 11623-11643 Sentence denotes Disclosure statement
T95 11644-11708 Sentence denotes No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
T96 11710-11715 Sentence denotes ORCID
T97 11716-11763 Sentence denotes Xiaojun Li http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-0880
T98 11764-11809 Sentence denotes Feng Gao http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-0203

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
2 0-5 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
3 32-41 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
11 149-155 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
12 288-294 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
13 453-458 Species denotes human Tax:9606
14 609-614 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
15 233-260 Disease denotes zoonotic infectious disease MESH:D015047
16 620-624 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
17 633-637 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
33 914-925 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
34 1004-1010 Species denotes people Tax:9606
35 1065-1073 Species denotes 2019ncov Tax:2697049
36 1086-1095 Species denotes 2019-Ncov Tax:2697049
37 1266-1275 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
38 1367-1376 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
39 1396-1409 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
40 1422-1428 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
41 1477-1490 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
42 1592-1614 Species denotes bat coronavirus RaTG13 Tax:2709072
43 1774-1783 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
44 876-885 Disease denotes Infection MESH:D007239
45 1033-1039 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
46 1502-1506 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
47 1511-1515 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
58 2406-2409 Gene denotes Gag Gene:155030
59 1828-1837 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
60 1866-1875 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
61 2075-2084 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
62 2216-2229 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
63 2433-2438 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
64 2630-2635 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
65 2748-2757 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
66 2783-2792 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
67 2847-2852 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
74 5475-5480 Species denotes CoV 2 Tax:2697049
75 5499-5504 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
76 5376-5385 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
77 5395-5404 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
78 5414-5423 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
79 5439-5448 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
81 5307-5326 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673
85 5941-5944 Gene denotes Gag Gene:155030
86 5954-5957 Gene denotes Env Gene:100616444
87 5946-5949 Chemical denotes Pro MESH:D011392
123 4058-4061 Gene denotes env Gene:100616444
124 4045-4048 Gene denotes gag Gene:155030
125 2926-2935 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
126 2943-2946 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
127 2959-2964 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
128 3076-3081 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
129 3098-3107 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
130 3145-3150 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
131 3305-3314 Species denotes mammalian Tax:9606
132 3376-3389 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
133 3412-3417 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
134 3483-3502 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673
135 3545-3558 Species denotes bacteriophage Tax:38018
136 3635-3648 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
137 3671-3676 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
138 3916-3921 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
139 4070-4075 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
140 4188-4207 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673
141 4216-4221 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
142 4421-4426 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
143 4555-4560 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
144 4592-4597 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
145 4749-4754 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
146 4860-4865 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
147 4972-4977 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
148 5092-5097 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
149 5167-5172 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
150 5184-5189 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
151 5224-5243 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673
152 5251-5260 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
153 3784-3793 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
154 3884-3893 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
155 3982-3991 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
156 4371-4380 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
157 5017-5026 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
171 7352-7357 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
172 7683-7688 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
173 7984-7989 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
174 7659-7664 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
175 7281-7290 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
176 7299-7312 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
177 7438-7447 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
178 7452-7467 Species denotes bat coronavirus Tax:1508220
179 7655-7658 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
180 7677-7682 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
181 7690-7699 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
182 7978-7983 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
183 7410-7419 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
201 6333-6338 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
202 6054-6063 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
203 6090-6097 Species denotes betaCoV Tax:694002
204 6263-6272 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
205 6366-6375 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
206 6472-6481 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
207 6642-6651 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
208 6788-6791 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
209 6978-6981 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
210 6997-7006 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
211 7069-7078 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
212 7134-7139 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
213 7185-7194 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
214 7223-7226 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
215 6715-6724 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
216 6739-6748 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
217 6860-6869 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
237 8248-8253 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
238 8494-8499 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
239 8555-8560 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
240 8602-8607 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
241 8743-8746 Gene denotes Gag Gene:155030
242 8938-8943 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
243 8688-8693 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
244 8172-8181 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
245 8242-8247 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
246 8410-8419 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
247 8488-8493 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
248 8678-8687 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
249 8758-8763 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
250 8928-8937 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
251 9018-9027 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
252 9078-9083 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
253 8360-8369 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
254 8718-8727 Species denotes Insertion Tax:2673
255 8810-8819 Species denotes insertion Tax:2673
265 9200-9203 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
266 9467-9470 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
267 9511-9516 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
268 9607-9610 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
269 9623-9628 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
270 9769-9778 Species denotes mammalian Tax:9606
271 9823-9826 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
272 9964-9967 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
273 9882-9890 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
287 10116-10119 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
288 10149-10158 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
289 10209-10212 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
290 10242-10248 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
291 10333-10342 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
292 10454-10463 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
293 10512-10521 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
294 10570-10575 Species denotes camel Tax:9837
295 10681-10690 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
296 10744-10753 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
297 10561-10565 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
298 10580-10584 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
299 10928-10946 Disease denotes infection diseases MESH:D007239
301 11565-11584 Species denotes insertion sequences Tax:2673