PMC:6537946 / 16435-18053 JSON TXT

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0_colil

{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"31106338-11404164-6295","span":{"begin":511,"end":513},"obj":"11404164"},{"id":"31106338-15611389-6296","span":{"begin":678,"end":680},"obj":"15611389"},{"id":"31106338-12944570-6297","span":{"begin":1096,"end":1098},"obj":"12944570"},{"id":"31106338-15262845-6298","span":{"begin":1100,"end":1102},"obj":"15262845"},{"id":"31106338-19295318-6299","span":{"begin":1467,"end":1469},"obj":"19295318"}],"text":"HEART TRANSPLANTS: A RETROSPECTIVE\nThe first successful heart transplant by Christiaan Barnard in Cape Town, South Africa in 1967 can be regarded as the birth of the modern treatment of end-stage heart failure. This surgical heart failure treatment milestone led to global euphoria and unbelievable hope that heart failure could be healed, even though the first patient to receive a transplant survived only a few days. Managing immunosuppression proved to be problematic, with only a few substances available [42]. It was the introduction of the calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) cyclosporine A in 1982 in particular that helped raise the 3-year survival rate from about 40% to 70% [43]. Later developments in standardized pharmacological protocols and new immunosuppressive drugs for the induction and maintenance of permanent immunosuppression provided further insights and beneficial long-term effects. Thus, inhibition of the ‘mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)’ in combination with a CNI demonstrated favourable effects with less coronary allograft vasculopathy compared to standard treatment [44, 45]. Furthermore, CNI-free immunosuppression protocols demonstrated improved renal function in patients with a heart transplant and chronic renal failure compared to CNI-based protocols. This result might affect prognosis after the transplant, because CNI-related renal failure is a common problem after a cardiac transplant and a major cause of long-term morbidity [46, 47]. Also, graft preservation techniques and ex vivo perfusion (as discussed below) might contribute to the constantly improving long-term results."}

TEST0

{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"31106338-91-97-6295","span":{"begin":511,"end":513},"obj":"[\"11404164\"]"},{"id":"31106338-162-168-6296","span":{"begin":678,"end":680},"obj":"[\"15611389\"]"},{"id":"31106338-195-201-6297","span":{"begin":1096,"end":1098},"obj":"[\"12944570\"]"},{"id":"31106338-199-205-6298","span":{"begin":1100,"end":1102},"obj":"[\"15262845\"]"},{"id":"31106338-180-186-6299","span":{"begin":1467,"end":1469},"obj":"[\"19295318\"]"}],"text":"HEART TRANSPLANTS: A RETROSPECTIVE\nThe first successful heart transplant by Christiaan Barnard in Cape Town, South Africa in 1967 can be regarded as the birth of the modern treatment of end-stage heart failure. This surgical heart failure treatment milestone led to global euphoria and unbelievable hope that heart failure could be healed, even though the first patient to receive a transplant survived only a few days. Managing immunosuppression proved to be problematic, with only a few substances available [42]. It was the introduction of the calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) cyclosporine A in 1982 in particular that helped raise the 3-year survival rate from about 40% to 70% [43]. Later developments in standardized pharmacological protocols and new immunosuppressive drugs for the induction and maintenance of permanent immunosuppression provided further insights and beneficial long-term effects. Thus, inhibition of the ‘mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)’ in combination with a CNI demonstrated favourable effects with less coronary allograft vasculopathy compared to standard treatment [44, 45]. Furthermore, CNI-free immunosuppression protocols demonstrated improved renal function in patients with a heart transplant and chronic renal failure compared to CNI-based protocols. This result might affect prognosis after the transplant, because CNI-related renal failure is a common problem after a cardiac transplant and a major cause of long-term morbidity [46, 47]. Also, graft preservation techniques and ex vivo perfusion (as discussed below) might contribute to the constantly improving long-term results."}

2_test

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"31106338-11404164-28904608","span":{"begin":511,"end":513},"obj":"11404164"},{"id":"31106338-15611389-28904609","span":{"begin":678,"end":680},"obj":"15611389"},{"id":"31106338-12944570-28904610","span":{"begin":1096,"end":1098},"obj":"12944570"},{"id":"31106338-15262845-28904611","span":{"begin":1100,"end":1102},"obj":"15262845"},{"id":"31106338-19295318-28904612","span":{"begin":1467,"end":1469},"obj":"19295318"}],"text":"HEART TRANSPLANTS: A RETROSPECTIVE\nThe first successful heart transplant by Christiaan Barnard in Cape Town, South Africa in 1967 can be regarded as the birth of the modern treatment of end-stage heart failure. This surgical heart failure treatment milestone led to global euphoria and unbelievable hope that heart failure could be healed, even though the first patient to receive a transplant survived only a few days. Managing immunosuppression proved to be problematic, with only a few substances available [42]. It was the introduction of the calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) cyclosporine A in 1982 in particular that helped raise the 3-year survival rate from about 40% to 70% [43]. Later developments in standardized pharmacological protocols and new immunosuppressive drugs for the induction and maintenance of permanent immunosuppression provided further insights and beneficial long-term effects. Thus, inhibition of the ‘mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)’ in combination with a CNI demonstrated favourable effects with less coronary allograft vasculopathy compared to standard treatment [44, 45]. Furthermore, CNI-free immunosuppression protocols demonstrated improved renal function in patients with a heart transplant and chronic renal failure compared to CNI-based protocols. This result might affect prognosis after the transplant, because CNI-related renal failure is a common problem after a cardiac transplant and a major cause of long-term morbidity [46, 47]. Also, graft preservation techniques and ex vivo perfusion (as discussed below) might contribute to the constantly improving long-term results."}

MyTest

{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"31106338-11404164-28904608","span":{"begin":511,"end":513},"obj":"11404164"},{"id":"31106338-15611389-28904609","span":{"begin":678,"end":680},"obj":"15611389"},{"id":"31106338-12944570-28904610","span":{"begin":1096,"end":1098},"obj":"12944570"},{"id":"31106338-15262845-28904611","span":{"begin":1100,"end":1102},"obj":"15262845"},{"id":"31106338-19295318-28904612","span":{"begin":1467,"end":1469},"obj":"19295318"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"text":"HEART TRANSPLANTS: A RETROSPECTIVE\nThe first successful heart transplant by Christiaan Barnard in Cape Town, South Africa in 1967 can be regarded as the birth of the modern treatment of end-stage heart failure. This surgical heart failure treatment milestone led to global euphoria and unbelievable hope that heart failure could be healed, even though the first patient to receive a transplant survived only a few days. Managing immunosuppression proved to be problematic, with only a few substances available [42]. It was the introduction of the calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) cyclosporine A in 1982 in particular that helped raise the 3-year survival rate from about 40% to 70% [43]. Later developments in standardized pharmacological protocols and new immunosuppressive drugs for the induction and maintenance of permanent immunosuppression provided further insights and beneficial long-term effects. Thus, inhibition of the ‘mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)’ in combination with a CNI demonstrated favourable effects with less coronary allograft vasculopathy compared to standard treatment [44, 45]. Furthermore, CNI-free immunosuppression protocols demonstrated improved renal function in patients with a heart transplant and chronic renal failure compared to CNI-based protocols. This result might affect prognosis after the transplant, because CNI-related renal failure is a common problem after a cardiac transplant and a major cause of long-term morbidity [46, 47]. Also, graft preservation techniques and ex vivo perfusion (as discussed below) might contribute to the constantly improving long-term results."}

testtesttest