PMC:6194691 / 68436-70146
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/6194691","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"6194691","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/6194691","text":"Transcytosis is much less prevalent across the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier than across those of peripheral capillaries [248–251]. Nevertheless both adsorptive mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor mediated transcytosis (RMT) are still likely to be important mechanisms for the transfer of some large substrates across the blood–brain barrier. The initial event in AMT is the adsorption of usually positive substrates onto the surfaces of caveolae, while that for RMT is binding of the substrate to specific receptors that are in or become incorporated into clathrin coated pits. In both cases at the blood–brain barrier this leads to endocytosis followed by delivery of a substantial fraction of the contents of the resulting vesicles to the opposite membrane for exit, possibly by exocytosis [49, 63, 252]. AMT is thought to account for much of the influx into the brain of histones [253], “cell penetrating peptides” [49, 251, 254], HIV [255, 256], and cargos conjugated to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin [257] and to underlie the increase in “generalized permeability” caused by protamine [258]. The downsides of AMT are that it is relatively non-selective for substrates [256] and that it occurs in many cells throughout the body. In addition there is little if any evidence that it occurs in the direction from brain to blood [257, 259]. While RMT also occurs throughout the body, transport by this mechanism depends on interaction of the substrates with specific receptors that may be found primarily in specific locations such as the blood–brain barrier. In addition there is evidence that RMT can occur in either direction, i.e. from brain to blood as well as from blood to brain.","tracks":[{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"30340614-6033532-30706174","span":{"begin":137,"end":140},"obj":"6033532"},{"id":"30340614-10696507-30706174","span":{"begin":137,"end":140},"obj":"10696507"},{"id":"30340614-12843411-30706174","span":{"begin":137,"end":140},"obj":"12843411"},{"id":"30340614-18726697-30706174","span":{"begin":137,"end":140},"obj":"18726697"},{"id":"30340614-26794270-30706175","span":{"begin":814,"end":816},"obj":"26794270"},{"id":"30340614-2600816-30706176","span":{"begin":905,"end":908},"obj":"2600816"},{"id":"30340614-26794270-30706177","span":{"begin":940,"end":942},"obj":"26794270"},{"id":"30340614-18726697-30706178","span":{"begin":944,"end":947},"obj":"18726697"},{"id":"30340614-15722162-30706179","span":{"begin":949,"end":952},"obj":"15722162"},{"id":"30340614-9443901-30706180","span":{"begin":960,"end":963},"obj":"9443901"},{"id":"30340614-7680372-30706181","span":{"begin":1030,"end":1033},"obj":"7680372"},{"id":"30340614-8227337-30706182","span":{"begin":1115,"end":1118},"obj":"8227337"},{"id":"30340614-7680372-30706183","span":{"begin":1354,"end":1357},"obj":"7680372"},{"id":"30340614-7514652-30706184","span":{"begin":1359,"end":1362},"obj":"7514652"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"30340614-6033532-30706174","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-10696507-30706174","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-12843411-30706174","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-18726697-30706174","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-26794270-30706175","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-2600816-30706176","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-26794270-30706177","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-18726697-30706178","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-15722162-30706179","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-9443901-30706180","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-7680372-30706181","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-8227337-30706182","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-7680372-30706183","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"30340614-7514652-30706184","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"30340614-6033532-30706174","span":{"begin":137,"end":140},"obj":"6033532"},{"id":"30340614-10696507-30706174","span":{"begin":137,"end":140},"obj":"10696507"},{"id":"30340614-12843411-30706174","span":{"begin":137,"end":140},"obj":"12843411"},{"id":"30340614-18726697-30706174","span":{"begin":137,"end":140},"obj":"18726697"},{"id":"30340614-26794270-30706175","span":{"begin":814,"end":816},"obj":"26794270"},{"id":"30340614-2600816-30706176","span":{"begin":905,"end":908},"obj":"2600816"},{"id":"30340614-26794270-30706177","span":{"begin":940,"end":942},"obj":"26794270"},{"id":"30340614-18726697-30706178","span":{"begin":944,"end":947},"obj":"18726697"},{"id":"30340614-15722162-30706179","span":{"begin":949,"end":952},"obj":"15722162"},{"id":"30340614-9443901-30706180","span":{"begin":960,"end":963},"obj":"9443901"},{"id":"30340614-7680372-30706181","span":{"begin":1030,"end":1033},"obj":"7680372"},{"id":"30340614-8227337-30706182","span":{"begin":1115,"end":1118},"obj":"8227337"},{"id":"30340614-7680372-30706183","span":{"begin":1354,"end":1357},"obj":"7680372"},{"id":"30340614-7514652-30706184","span":{"begin":1359,"end":1362},"obj":"7514652"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"30340614-6033532-30706174","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-10696507-30706174","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-12843411-30706174","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-18726697-30706174","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-26794270-30706175","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-2600816-30706176","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-26794270-30706177","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-18726697-30706178","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-15722162-30706179","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-9443901-30706180","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-7680372-30706181","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-8227337-30706182","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-7680372-30706183","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"30340614-7514652-30706184","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"MyTest","color":"#c693ec","default":true},{"id":"2_test","color":"#93ecac"}]}]}}