PMC:4277126 / 131832-132987 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4277126","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4277126","source_url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4277126","text":"Homocysteine-induced neuronal injury\nPrevious clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested that elevated plasma homocysteine levels increased the risk of AD.168 Homocysteine damages neurons by inducing apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and Tau phosphorylation.169 Ho et al170 conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to study the beneficial effects of LBPs on neurotoxicity caused by homocysteine. LBA treatment significantly attenuated homocysteine-induced neuronal cell death and apoptosis in primary rat cortical neurons as determined by LDH release and caspase-3 activity assays. LBPs also significantly reduced homocysteine-induced phosphorylation of Tau-1 at Ser198/199/202, pS396 at Ser396, and pS214 at Ser214 as well as cleavage of Tau.170 LBP treatment suppressed elevation of both phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (Erk1/2) and phosphorylated JNK. However, the phosphorylation level of GSK3β at Ser9/Tyr 216 remained unchanged among different treatment groups. The data demonstrated that LBPs exerted neuroprotective effects on cortical neurons exposed to homocysteine via modulation of JNK and Erk1/2 pathways (Figure 14).","divisions":[{"label":"Title","span":{"begin":0,"end":36}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25552899-23403534-26094472","span":{"begin":164,"end":167},"obj":"23403534"},{"id":"25552899-21684021-26094473","span":{"begin":263,"end":266},"obj":"21684021"},{"id":"25552899-20157238-26094474","span":{"begin":275,"end":278},"obj":"20157238"},{"id":"25552899-20157238-26094475","span":{"begin":746,"end":749},"obj":"20157238"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25552899-23403534-26094472","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25552899-21684021-26094473","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25552899-20157238-26094474","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25552899-20157238-26094475","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T2773","span":{"begin":0,"end":12},"obj":"CHEBI_58065"},{"id":"T2774","span":{"begin":119,"end":131},"obj":"CHEBI_58065"},{"id":"T2775","span":{"begin":168,"end":180},"obj":"CHEBI_58065"},{"id":"T2776","span":{"begin":385,"end":397},"obj":"CHEBI_58065"},{"id":"T2777","span":{"begin":438,"end":450},"obj":"CHEBI_58065"},{"id":"T2778","span":{"begin":617,"end":629},"obj":"CHEBI_58065"},{"id":"T2779","span":{"begin":0,"end":12},"obj":"CHEBI_17230"},{"id":"T2780","span":{"begin":119,"end":131},"obj":"CHEBI_17230"},{"id":"T2781","span":{"begin":168,"end":180},"obj":"CHEBI_17230"},{"id":"T2782","span":{"begin":385,"end":397},"obj":"CHEBI_17230"},{"id":"T2783","span":{"begin":438,"end":450},"obj":"CHEBI_17230"},{"id":"T2784","span":{"begin":617,"end":629},"obj":"CHEBI_17230"},{"id":"T2785","span":{"begin":103,"end":111},"obj":"PATO_0001688"},{"id":"T2786","span":{"begin":139,"end":148},"obj":"PATO_0000470"},{"id":"T2787","span":{"begin":220,"end":223},"obj":"CHEBI_16991"},{"id":"T2788","span":{"begin":243,"end":246},"obj":"CHEBI_36355"},{"id":"T2789","span":{"begin":657,"end":660},"obj":"CHEBI_36355"},{"id":"T2790","span":{"begin":742,"end":745},"obj":"CHEBI_36355"},{"id":"T2791","span":{"begin":247,"end":262},"obj":"PATO_0002262"},{"id":"T2792","span":{"begin":638,"end":653},"obj":"PATO_0002262"},{"id":"T2793","span":{"begin":893,"end":908},"obj":"PATO_0002262"},{"id":"T2794","span":{"begin":427,"end":437},"obj":"PATO_0002147"},{"id":"T2795","span":{"begin":609,"end":616},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T2796","span":{"begin":775,"end":784},"obj":"PATO_0001687"},{"id":"T2797","span":{"begin":793,"end":807},"obj":"PATO_0002220"},{"id":"T2798","span":{"begin":860,"end":874},"obj":"PATO_0002220"},{"id":"T2799","span":{"begin":932,"end":935},"obj":"CHEBI_18186"},{"id":"T2800","span":{"begin":932,"end":935},"obj":"CHEBI_46858"},{"id":"T2801","span":{"begin":932,"end":935},"obj":"CHEBI_17895"},{"id":"T2802","span":{"begin":1077,"end":1084},"obj":"PATO_0001646"},{"id":"T2804","span":{"begin":1077,"end":1084},"obj":"PATO_0002425"},{"id":"T2806","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1100},"obj":"CHEBI_17230"},{"id":"T2807","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1100},"obj":"CHEBI_58065"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T2773","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2774","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2775","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2776","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2777","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2778","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2779","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2780","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2781","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2782","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2783","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2784","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2785","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2786","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2787","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2788","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2789","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2790","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2791","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2792","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2793","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2794","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2795","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2796","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2797","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2798","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2799","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2800","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2801","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2802","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2804","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2806","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2807","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#eca693","default":true},{"id":"NEUROSES","color":"#9399ec"}]}]}}