PMC:3951193 / 41053-42218 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/3951193","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"3951193","source_url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/3951193","text":"Dietary supplements: Probiotics\n“Probiotics” are endosymbiotic microorganisms that confer a health benefit upon their human hosts. Probiotics occur in fermented foods, such as yogurt and kimchi. The best known organisms are Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium species. “Prebiotics” such as oligofructose are carbohydrates that serve as substrates for probiotic organisms. Human intestinal epithelial cells incubated with L. acidophilus produced more CB2 mRNA [145]. Feeding L. acidophilus to mice and rats increased the expression of CB2 mRNA in colonic epithelial cells. Lastly, mice fed L. acidophilus showed less pain behavior following colonic distension with butyrate than control mice, an effect reversed by the CB2 antagonist AM630 [145].\nProbiotics and prebiotics also modulate CB1 expression. Acute probiotic treatment with Enterococcus faecium upregulated CB1 mRNA in Solea solea [146]. Pathologically obese ob/ob mice expressed elevated levels of colon CB1 mRNA [147]. When fed prebiotics such as oligofructose, they expressed less CB1 mRNA, produced less AEA (due to increased FAAH mRNA expression in adipose tissue), and gained less fat mass.","divisions":[{"label":"Title","span":{"begin":0,"end":31}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"24622769-17159985-95790290","span":{"begin":470,"end":473},"obj":"17159985"},{"id":"24622769-17159985-95790291","span":{"begin":750,"end":753},"obj":"17159985"},{"id":"24622769-21352826-95790292","span":{"begin":901,"end":904},"obj":"21352826"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"24622769-17159985-95790290","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"24622769-17159985-95790291","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"24622769-21352826-95790292","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T2732","span":{"begin":161,"end":166},"obj":"CHEBI_33290"},{"id":"T2733","span":{"begin":318,"end":331},"obj":"CHEBI_16646"},{"id":"T2734","span":{"begin":464,"end":468},"obj":"CHEBI_33699"},{"id":"T2735","span":{"begin":548,"end":552},"obj":"CHEBI_33699"},{"id":"T2736","span":{"begin":880,"end":884},"obj":"CHEBI_33699"},{"id":"T2737","span":{"begin":978,"end":982},"obj":"CHEBI_33699"},{"id":"T2738","span":{"begin":1057,"end":1061},"obj":"CHEBI_33699"},{"id":"T2739","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1108},"obj":"CHEBI_33699"},{"id":"T2740","span":{"begin":516,"end":525},"obj":"PATO_0000470"},{"id":"T2741","span":{"begin":1089,"end":1098},"obj":"PATO_0000470"},{"id":"T2742","span":{"begin":674,"end":682},"obj":"CHEBI_17968"},{"id":"T2743","span":{"begin":712,"end":720},"obj":"PATO_0000625"},{"id":"T2744","span":{"begin":812,"end":817},"obj":"PATO_0000389"},{"id":"T2745","span":{"begin":949,"end":957},"obj":"PATO_0001688"},{"id":"T2746","span":{"begin":1077,"end":1080},"obj":"CHEBI_2700"},{"id":"T2747","span":{"begin":1160,"end":1164},"obj":"PATO_0000125"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T2732","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2733","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2734","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2735","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2736","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2737","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2738","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2739","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2740","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2741","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2742","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2743","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2744","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2745","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2746","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"},{"subj":"T2747","pred":"source","obj":"NEUROSES"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#ece093","default":true},{"id":"NEUROSES","color":"#c593ec"}]}]}}