PMC:3852299 / 47999-49322 JSONTXT

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T1541","span":{"begin":73,"end":80},"obj":"PATO_0001517"},{"id":"T1542","span":{"begin":99,"end":108},"obj":"CHEBI_350546"},{"id":"T1543","span":{"begin":99,"end":108},"obj":"CHEBI_28790"},{"id":"T1544","span":{"begin":130,"end":138},"obj":"PATO_0001688"},{"id":"T1545","span":{"begin":236,"end":244},"obj":"PATO_0001688"},{"id":"T1546","span":{"begin":171,"end":177},"obj":"PATO_0001309"},{"id":"T1547","span":{"begin":245,"end":253},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1548","span":{"begin":272,"end":280},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1549","span":{"begin":545,"end":553},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1550","span":{"begin":742,"end":750},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1551","span":{"begin":833,"end":841},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1552","span":{"begin":873,"end":881},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1553","span":{"begin":922,"end":930},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1554","span":{"begin":953,"end":961},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1555","span":{"begin":1017,"end":1025},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1556","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1041},"obj":"CHEBI_17650"},{"id":"T1557","span":{"begin":262,"end":271},"obj":"PATO_0000470"},{"id":"T1558","span":{"begin":458,"end":470},"obj":"PATO_0002104"},{"id":"T1559","span":{"begin":540,"end":544},"obj":"PATO_0002316"},{"id":"T1560","span":{"begin":737,"end":741},"obj":"PATO_0002316"},{"id":"T1561","span":{"begin":828,"end":832},"obj":"PATO_0002316"},{"id":"T1562","span":{"begin":868,"end":872},"obj":"PATO_0002316"},{"id":"T1563","span":{"begin":917,"end":921},"obj":"PATO_0002316"},{"id":"T1564","span":{"begin":938,"end":943},"obj":"PATO_0001470"},{"id":"T1565","span":{"begin":938,"end":943},"obj":"PATO_0001038"},{"id":"T1566","span":{"begin":1108,"end":1116},"obj":"PATO_0000173"},{"id":"T1567","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1170},"obj":"CHEBI_24261"},{"id":"T1568","span":{"begin":392,"end":402},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T1569","span":{"begin":392,"end":402},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T1570","span":{"begin":682,"end":692},"obj":"PM3425"}],"text":"Conclusions\nThis review investigates the potential causes of ASD and has focused on disruptions in serotonin signalling caused by elevated SERT levels during the prenatal period. Increases in membrane SERT levels are driven in utero by elevated cortisol levels. Increased cortisol in pregnant women may result in various clinical presentations including gestational diabetes, hypertension or depression. It may also be caused by excess anxiety or stress and inflammatory disorders such as asthma or infections. Further studies of excessive free cortisol levels during pregnancy should be done in women who have previously had children with ASD, or have a family history of anxiety, depression or diabetes. A standard protocol to measure free-cortisol levels in women during gestation needs to be established. Methods to measure free-cortisol levels include calculated free cortisol (Coolen’s method), calculating the free-cortisol index (ratio of serum cortisol to transcortin concentrations) or quantifying salivary cortisol [217]. Cortisol is vital for fetal development with respect to maturation of lung function; however, prenatal exposure to excess glucocorticoids has also been shown to be detrimental to fetal growth and have longer-term effects related to hypertension and type II diabetes in adult life [257,258]."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"24103554-16882746-70233346","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1030},"obj":"16882746"},{"id":"24103554-9029721-70233347","span":{"begin":1314,"end":1317},"obj":"9029721"},{"id":"24103554-10322400-70233348","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1321},"obj":"10322400"}],"text":"Conclusions\nThis review investigates the potential causes of ASD and has focused on disruptions in serotonin signalling caused by elevated SERT levels during the prenatal period. Increases in membrane SERT levels are driven in utero by elevated cortisol levels. Increased cortisol in pregnant women may result in various clinical presentations including gestational diabetes, hypertension or depression. It may also be caused by excess anxiety or stress and inflammatory disorders such as asthma or infections. Further studies of excessive free cortisol levels during pregnancy should be done in women who have previously had children with ASD, or have a family history of anxiety, depression or diabetes. A standard protocol to measure free-cortisol levels in women during gestation needs to be established. Methods to measure free-cortisol levels include calculated free cortisol (Coolen’s method), calculating the free-cortisol index (ratio of serum cortisol to transcortin concentrations) or quantifying salivary cortisol [217]. Cortisol is vital for fetal development with respect to maturation of lung function; however, prenatal exposure to excess glucocorticoids has also been shown to be detrimental to fetal growth and have longer-term effects related to hypertension and type II diabetes in adult life [257,258]."}