PMC:3463543 / 27048-28700 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"23056454-20475760-92972582","span":{"begin":106,"end":108},"obj":"20475760"},{"id":"23056454-15764538-92972583","span":{"begin":417,"end":419},"obj":"15764538"},{"id":"23056454-13713229-92972584","span":{"begin":671,"end":672},"obj":"13713229"},{"id":"23056454-13904777-92972585","span":{"begin":676,"end":678},"obj":"13904777"},{"id":"23056454-13904777-92972586","span":{"begin":689,"end":691},"obj":"13904777"}],"text":"Limitation and Directions for Future Study\nIn this study, droplets of 1 µL, rather than smaller aerosols [42], were used to simulate the interplay of humidity, droplet evaporation, solute concentrations in the droplet, and virus viability. It takes ∼10 min for such droplets to dry out completely at ∼50% RH, considerably longer than for much smaller droplets (e.g., \u003c1 s for a respiratory droplet 20 µm in diameter [17]). The legitimacy of extrapolating our results to aerosols expelled from human respiratory tract thus depends on whether the dynamics of evaporation are critical for IAV decay. Our results in model media are comparable to those conducted in aerosols [8], [13]. Harper [13] recovered 66–126% of IAV in aerosols 1 s after spraying, when evaporation was completed. The high recoveries indicate that the effect of the evaporation process itself on viral decay is negligible. Even if it were critical, such an effect was controlled for when comparing viral decay in the same type of medium versus RH, since all the droplets experienced a similar rate of evaporation. Nevertheless, verifying these results in aerosols is warranted.\nThis study proposes a new mechanistic basis for the effect of RH on IAV viability in droplets. However, it does not address the mechanism by which salts affect IAV viability at a molecular level, nor does it explain how the presence of proteins alters the relationship. In addition, the relationship in mucus differed slightly from that observed in model media. Given the complex composition and unique nature of mucus, mechanisms governing the relationship in mucus might differ from those in model media."}