BB-kb+ner@ldeleger:BB-kb+ner-24361838
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/BB-kb+ner@ldeleger/sourceid/BB-kb+ner-24361838","sourcedb":"BB-kb+ner@ldeleger","sourceid":"BB-kb+ner-24361838","text":"Evaluation of a lytic bacteriophage, Φ st1, for biocontrol of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in chickens.\nIn this study, a Salmonella Typhimurium lytic bacteriophage, Φ st1, which was isolated from chicken faecal material, was evaluated as a candidate for biocontrol of Salmonella in chickens. The morphology of Φ st1 showed strong resemblance to members of the Siphoviridae family. Φ st1 was observed to be a DNA phage with an estimated genome size of 121 kbp. It was found to be able to infect S. Typhimurium and S. Hadar, with a stronger lytic activity against the former. Subsequent characterisation of Φ st1 against S. Typhimurium showed that Φ st1 has a latent period of 40 min with an average burst size of 22 particles per infective centre. Approximately 86.1% of the phage adsorbed to the host cells within the initial 5 min of infection. At the optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) (0.1), the highest reduction rate of S. Typhimurium (6.6 log₁₀ CFU/ml) and increment in phage titre (3.8 log₁₀ PFU/ml) was observed. Φ st1 produced adsorption rates of 88.4-92.2% at pH7-9 and demonstrated the highest bacteria reduction (6.6 log₁₀ CFU/ml) at pH9. Φ st1 also showed an insignificant different (P\u003e0.05) reduction rate of host cells at 37 °C (6.4 log₁₀ CFU/ml) and 42 °C (6.0 log₁₀ CFU/ml). The in vivo study using Φ st1 showed that intracloacal inoculation of ~10¹² PFU/ml of the phage in the chickens challenged with ~10¹⁰ CFU/ml of S. Typhimurium was able to reduce (P\u003c0.05) the S. Typhimurium more rapidly than the untreated group. The Salmonella count reduced to 2.9 log₁₀ CFU/ml within 6h of post-challenge and S. Typhimurium was not detected at and after 24h of post-challenge. Reduction of Salmonella count in visceral organs was also observed at 6h post-challenge. Approximately 1.6 log₁₀ FU/ml Φ st1 was found to persist in the caecal wall of the chicks at 72 h of post-challenge. The present study indicated that Φ st1 may serve as a potential biocontrol agent to reduce the Salmonella count in caecal content of chickens.\n\n","tracks":[{"project":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":114},"obj":"Title"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":115,"end":2050},"obj":"Paragraph"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":16,"end":21},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":37,"end":42},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":62,"end":101},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":105,"end":113},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":132,"end":174},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":132,"end":154},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":155,"end":160},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":176,"end":181},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":207,"end":230},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":207,"end":214},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":279,"end":289},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":293,"end":301},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":321,"end":326},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":371,"end":383},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":392,"end":397},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":505,"end":519},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":550,"end":564},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":616,"end":621},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":630,"end":644},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":657,"end":662},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":807,"end":817},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":941,"end":955},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1042},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1172},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1239,"end":1249},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1337},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1350,"end":1362},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1411,"end":1419},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1452,"end":1466},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1499,"end":1513},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1567},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1634,"end":1648},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1725},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1735,"end":1750},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1821,"end":1826},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1855,"end":1880},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1855,"end":1861},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1874,"end":1880},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1946},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":2003,"end":2013},"obj":"Microorganism"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":2023,"end":2049},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":2023,"end":2029},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":2041,"end":2049},"obj":"Habitat"},{"id":"E1","span":{"begin":37,"end":42},"obj":"Exhibits"},{"id":"E2","span":{"begin":62,"end":101},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E3","span":{"begin":132,"end":174},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E4","span":{"begin":132,"end":174},"obj":"Exhibits"},{"id":"E5","span":{"begin":176,"end":181},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E6","span":{"begin":176,"end":181},"obj":"Exhibits"},{"id":"E7","span":{"begin":279,"end":289},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E8","span":{"begin":392,"end":397},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E9","span":{"begin":392,"end":397},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E10","span":{"begin":392,"end":397},"obj":"Exhibits"},{"id":"E11","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1172},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E12","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1337},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E13","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1337},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E14","span":{"begin":1452,"end":1466},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E15","span":{"begin":1452,"end":1466},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E16","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1567},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E17","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1725},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E18","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1725},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E19","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1725},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E20","span":{"begin":1821,"end":1826},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E21","span":{"begin":1821,"end":1826},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E22","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1946},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E23","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1946},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E24","span":{"begin":2003,"end":2013},"obj":"Lives_In"},{"id":"E25","span":{"begin":2003,"end":2013},"obj":"Lives_In"}],"relations":[{"id":"R1","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E1","obj":"T4"},{"id":"R2","pred":"Property","subj":"E1","obj":"T3"},{"id":"R3","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E2","obj":"T5"},{"id":"R4","pred":"Location","subj":"E2","obj":"T6"},{"id":"R5","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E3","obj":"T7"},{"id":"R6","pred":"Location","subj":"E3","obj":"T12"},{"id":"R7","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E4","obj":"T7"},{"id":"R8","pred":"Property","subj":"E4","obj":"T9"},{"id":"R9","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E5","obj":"T10"},{"id":"R10","pred":"Location","subj":"E5","obj":"T12"},{"id":"R11","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E6","obj":"T10"},{"id":"R12","pred":"Property","subj":"E6","obj":"T9"},{"id":"R13","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E7","obj":"T13"},{"id":"R14","pred":"Location","subj":"E7","obj":"T14"},{"id":"R15","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E8","obj":"T17"},{"id":"R16","pred":"Location","subj":"E8","obj":"T19"},{"id":"R17","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E9","obj":"T17"},{"id":"R18","pred":"Location","subj":"E9","obj":"T18"},{"id":"R19","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E10","obj":"T17"},{"id":"R20","pred":"Property","subj":"E10","obj":"T20"},{"id":"R21","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E11","obj":"T27"},{"id":"R22","pred":"Location","subj":"E11","obj":"T28"},{"id":"R23","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E12","obj":"T29"},{"id":"R24","pred":"Location","subj":"E12","obj":"T30"},{"id":"R25","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E13","obj":"T29"},{"id":"R26","pred":"Location","subj":"E13","obj":"T31"},{"id":"R27","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E14","obj":"T32"},{"id":"R28","pred":"Location","subj":"E14","obj":"T30"},{"id":"R29","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E15","obj":"T32"},{"id":"R30","pred":"Location","subj":"E15","obj":"T31"},{"id":"R31","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E16","obj":"T34"},{"id":"R32","pred":"Location","subj":"E16","obj":"T31"},{"id":"R33","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E17","obj":"T36"},{"id":"R34","pred":"Location","subj":"E17","obj":"T37"},{"id":"R35","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E18","obj":"T36"},{"id":"R36","pred":"Location","subj":"E18","obj":"T41"},{"id":"R37","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E19","obj":"T36"},{"id":"R38","pred":"Location","subj":"E19","obj":"T40"},{"id":"R39","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E20","obj":"T38"},{"id":"R40","pred":"Location","subj":"E20","obj":"T40"},{"id":"R41","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E21","obj":"T38"},{"id":"R42","pred":"Location","subj":"E21","obj":"T41"},{"id":"R43","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E22","obj":"T42"},{"id":"R44","pred":"Location","subj":"E22","obj":"T46"},{"id":"R45","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E23","obj":"T42"},{"id":"R46","pred":"Location","subj":"E23","obj":"T44"},{"id":"R47","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E24","obj":"T43"},{"id":"R48","pred":"Location","subj":"E24","obj":"T46"},{"id":"R49","pred":"Microorganism","subj":"E25","obj":"T43"},{"id":"R50","pred":"Location","subj":"E25","obj":"T44"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A22","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T24","obj":"OBT:000061"},{"id":"A32","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T33","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A3","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T5","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A19","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T21","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A44","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T43","obj":"590"},{"id":"A5","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T7","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A38","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T39","obj":"OBT:001471"},{"id":"A13","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T15","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A1","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T3","obj":"OBT:000107"},{"id":"A35","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T36","obj":"590"},{"id":"A4","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T6","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A15","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T17","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A29","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T31","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A30","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T31","obj":"OBT:000700"},{"id":"A12","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T14","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A2","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T4","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A17","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T19","obj":"149385"},{"id":"A11","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T13","obj":"590"},{"id":"A36","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T37","obj":"OBT:000364"},{"id":"A25","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T27","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A45","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T44","obj":"OBT:001470"},{"id":"A39","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T40","obj":"OBT:001006"},{"id":"A27","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T29","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A46","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T45","obj":"OBT:001471"},{"id":"A10","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T12","obj":"OBT:001102"},{"id":"A8","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T10","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A33","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T34","obj":"590"},{"id":"A14","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T16","obj":"10699"},{"id":"A18","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T20","obj":"OBT:000107"},{"id":"A23","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T25","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A31","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T32","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A47","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T46","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A28","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T30","obj":"OBT:001488"},{"id":"A6","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T8","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A43","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T42","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A40","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T41","obj":"OBT:000700"},{"id":"A41","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T41","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A42","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T41","obj":"OBT:003263"},{"id":"A24","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T26","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A7","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T9","obj":"OBT:000107"},{"id":"A20","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T22","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A26","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T28","obj":"OBT:000061"},{"id":"A34","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T35","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A16","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T18","obj":"90371"},{"id":"A9","pred":"OntoBiotope","subj":"T11","obj":"OBT:003314"},{"id":"A21","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T23","obj":"12333"},{"id":"A37","pred":"NCBI_Taxonomy","subj":"T38","obj":"12333"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T21","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T22","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T23","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T24","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T25","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T26","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T27","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T28","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T29","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T30","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T31","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T32","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T33","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T34","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T35","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T36","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T37","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T38","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T40","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T39","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T41","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T42","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T43","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T44","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T45","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"T46","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E1","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E2","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E3","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E4","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E5","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E6","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E7","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E8","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E9","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E10","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E11","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E12","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E13","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E14","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E15","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E16","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E17","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E18","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E19","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E20","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E21","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E22","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E23","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E24","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"},{"subj":"E25","pred":"source","obj":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"bionlp-ost-19-BB-kb-ner-train","color":"#93a5ec","default":true}]}]}}