| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| TextSentencer_T1 |
0-37 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Genetic conflicts in human pregnancy. |
| TextSentencer_T2 |
38-133 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pregnancy has commonly been viewed as a cooperative interaction between a mother and her fetus. |
| TextSentencer_T3 |
134-288 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The effects of natural selection on genes expressed in fetuses, however, may be opposed by the effects of natural selection on genes expressed in mothers. |
| TextSentencer_T4 |
289-377 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this sense, a genetic conflict can be said to exist between maternal and fetal genes. |
| TextSentencer_T5 |
378-551 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fetal genes will be selected to increase the transfer of nutrients to their fetus, and maternal genes will be selected to limit transfers in excess of some maternal optimum. |
| TextSentencer_T6 |
552-670 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus a process of evolutionary escalation is predicted in which fetal actions are opposed by maternal countermeasures. |
| TextSentencer_T7 |
671-875 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The phenomenon of genomic imprinting means that a similar conflict exists within fetal cells between genes that are expressed when maternally derived, and genes that are expressed when paternally derived. |
| TextSentencer_T8 |
876-1066 |
Sentence |
denotes |
During implantation, fetally derived cells (trophoblast) invade the maternal endometrium and remodel the endometrial spiral arteries into low-resistance vessels that are unable to constrict. |
| TextSentencer_T9 |
1067-1104 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This invasion has three consequences. |
| TextSentencer_T10 |
1105-1173 |
Sentence |
denotes |
First, the fetus gains direct access to its mother's arterial blood. |
| TextSentencer_T11 |
1174-1316 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, a mother cannot reduce the nutrient content of blood reaching the placenta without reducing the nutrient supply to her own tissues. |
| TextSentencer_T12 |
1317-1440 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Second, the volume of blood reaching the placenta becomes largely independent of control by the local maternal vasculature. |
| TextSentencer_T13 |
1441-1549 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Third, the placenta is able to release hormones and other substances directly into the maternal circulation. |
| TextSentencer_T14 |
1550-1717 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Placental hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL), are predicted to manipulate maternal physiology for fetal benefit. |
| TextSentencer_T15 |
1718-1829 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For example, hPL is proposed to act on maternal prolactin receptors to increase maternal resistance to insulin. |
| TextSentencer_T16 |
1830-1942 |
Sentence |
denotes |
If unopposed, the effect of hPL would be to maintain higher blood glucose levels for longer periods after meals. |
| TextSentencer_T17 |
1943-2022 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This action, however, is countered by increased maternal production of insulin. |
| TextSentencer_T18 |
2023-2129 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Gestational diabetes develops if the mother is unable to mount an adequate response to fetal manipulation. |
| TextSentencer_T19 |
2130-2264 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly, fetal genes are predicted to enhance the flow of maternal blood through the placenta by increasing maternal blood pressure. |
| TextSentencer_T20 |
2265-2443 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Preeclampsia can be interpreted as an attempt by a poorly nourished fetus to increase its supply of nutrients by increasing the resistance of its mother's peripheral circulation. |
| T1 |
0-37 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Genetic conflicts in human pregnancy. |
| T2 |
38-133 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Pregnancy has commonly been viewed as a cooperative interaction between a mother and her fetus. |
| T3 |
134-288 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The effects of natural selection on genes expressed in fetuses, however, may be opposed by the effects of natural selection on genes expressed in mothers. |
| T4 |
289-377 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this sense, a genetic conflict can be said to exist between maternal and fetal genes. |
| T5 |
378-551 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fetal genes will be selected to increase the transfer of nutrients to their fetus, and maternal genes will be selected to limit transfers in excess of some maternal optimum. |
| T6 |
552-670 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus a process of evolutionary escalation is predicted in which fetal actions are opposed by maternal countermeasures. |
| T7 |
671-875 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The phenomenon of genomic imprinting means that a similar conflict exists within fetal cells between genes that are expressed when maternally derived, and genes that are expressed when paternally derived. |
| T8 |
876-1066 |
Sentence |
denotes |
During implantation, fetally derived cells (trophoblast) invade the maternal endometrium and remodel the endometrial spiral arteries into low-resistance vessels that are unable to constrict. |
| T9 |
1067-1104 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This invasion has three consequences. |
| T10 |
1105-1173 |
Sentence |
denotes |
First, the fetus gains direct access to its mother's arterial blood. |
| T11 |
1174-1316 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, a mother cannot reduce the nutrient content of blood reaching the placenta without reducing the nutrient supply to her own tissues. |
| T12 |
1317-1440 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Second, the volume of blood reaching the placenta becomes largely independent of control by the local maternal vasculature. |
| T13 |
1441-1549 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Third, the placenta is able to release hormones and other substances directly into the maternal circulation. |
| T14 |
1550-1717 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Placental hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL), are predicted to manipulate maternal physiology for fetal benefit. |
| T15 |
1718-1829 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For example, hPL is proposed to act on maternal prolactin receptors to increase maternal resistance to insulin. |
| T16 |
1830-1942 |
Sentence |
denotes |
If unopposed, the effect of hPL would be to maintain higher blood glucose levels for longer periods after meals. |
| T17 |
1943-2022 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This action, however, is countered by increased maternal production of insulin. |
| T18 |
2023-2129 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Gestational diabetes develops if the mother is unable to mount an adequate response to fetal manipulation. |
| T19 |
2130-2264 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly, fetal genes are predicted to enhance the flow of maternal blood through the placenta by increasing maternal blood pressure. |
| T20 |
2265-2443 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Preeclampsia can be interpreted as an attempt by a poorly nourished fetus to increase its supply of nutrients by increasing the resistance of its mother's peripheral circulation. |
