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LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 67-75 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 98-145 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 98-131 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T4 147-155 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T5 172-180 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 396-404 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 475-483 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 570-577 Disease denotes malaria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005136
T9 864-872 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T10 906-914 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T11 918-925 Disease denotes malaria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005136
T12 1073-1081 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T13 1323-1331 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T14 1581-1589 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T15 1591-1599 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T16 1682-1690 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 1694-1701 Disease denotes malaria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005136
T18 2061-2069 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 2070-2080 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T20 2096-2104 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T21 2105-2115 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T22 2155-2162 Disease denotes malaria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005136
T23 2221-2228 Disease denotes malaria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005136
T24 2425-2433 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 2478-2485 Disease denotes malaria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005136

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 77-86 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes OBJECTIVE
T2 182-185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T3 193-194 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 210-213 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T5 317-325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes actively
T6 425-428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T7 486-491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T8 744-747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 denotes aim
T9 1257-1267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T10 1386-1398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T11 1836-1837 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T12 2580-2586 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 12-23 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T2 28-46 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T3 534-545 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T4 613-624 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T5 645-656 Chemical denotes Chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T6 661-679 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T7 808-819 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T8 824-842 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T9 1027-1032 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T10 1247-1256 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T11 1271-1282 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T12 1287-1305 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T13 1531-1546 Chemical denotes antiviral drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T14 1531-1540 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T15 1541-1546 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T16 1548-1559 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T17 1561-1579 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T18 2003-2014 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T19 2019-2037 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T20 2262-2273 Chemical denotes Chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T21 2278-2296 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T22 2302-2311 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T23 2385-2390 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T24 2468-2473 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T25 2549-2554 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
3 12-23 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
4 28-46 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
5 67-75 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
46 98-145 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
47 147-157 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
48 172-180 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
49 396-404 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
50 406-424 Chemical denotes Hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
51 475-485 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
52 534-545 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
53 570-577 Disease denotes malaria MESH:D008288
54 613-624 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
55 645-656 Chemical denotes Chloroquine MESH:D002738
56 661-679 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
57 808-819 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
58 824-842 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
59 864-872 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
60 906-914 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
61 918-925 Disease denotes malaria MESH:D008288
62 1073-1081 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
63 1271-1282 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
64 1287-1305 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
65 1323-1331 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
66 1548-1559 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
67 1561-1579 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
68 1581-1589 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
69 1591-1599 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
70 1626-1637 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
71 1682-1690 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
72 1694-1701 Disease denotes malaria MESH:D008288
73 2003-2014 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
74 2019-2037 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
75 2061-2069 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
76 2070-2080 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
77 2096-2104 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
78 2105-2115 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
79 2155-2162 Disease denotes malaria MESH:D008288
80 2221-2228 Disease denotes malaria MESH:D008288
81 2262-2273 Chemical denotes Chloroquine MESH:D002738
82 2278-2296 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
83 2425-2433 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
84 2435-2441 Species denotes People Tax:9606
85 2478-2485 Disease denotes malaria MESH:D008288

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-76 Sentence denotes Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.
T2 77-87 Sentence denotes OBJECTIVE:
T3 88-288 Sentence denotes The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic which has swiftly involved the entire world and raised great public health concerns.
T4 289-405 Sentence denotes The scientific community is actively exploring treatments that would potentially be effective in combating COVID-19.
T5 406-501 Sentence denotes Hydroxychloroquine has been demonstrated to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro.
T6 502-578 Sentence denotes In malarial pandemic countries, chloroquine is widely used to treat malaria.
T7 579-644 Sentence denotes In malarial non-pandemic nations, chloroquine is not widely used.
T8 645-739 Sentence denotes Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine share similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action.
T9 740-960 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to indirectly investigate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 by determining the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic nations.
T10 961-1082 Sentence denotes We sought evidence to support or refute the hypothesis that these drugs could show efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.
T11 1083-1105 Sentence denotes MATERIALS AND METHODS:
T12 1106-1306 Sentence denotes We reviewed in vitro studies, in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports, that were conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine.
T13 1307-1496 Sentence denotes The studies on "COVID-19 and its allied treatment were found from World Health Organization (WHO), ISI-Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries.
T14 1497-1638 Sentence denotes The search was based on keywords: antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment modalities, and coronavirus.
T15 1639-1738 Sentence denotes In addition, we analyzed the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic countries.
T16 1739-1796 Sentence denotes The review and analyses were performed on March 28, 2020.
T17 1797-1805 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T18 1806-1869 Sentence denotes For this study, we identified a total of 09 published articles:
T19 1870-1963 Sentence denotes 03 clinical trials with sample size 150; 03 in vitro studies and 03 expert consensus reports.
T20 1964-2081 Sentence denotes These studies were all suggestive that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19 infections.
T21 2082-2248 Sentence denotes We found that COVID-19 infections are highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least pandemic and are least pandemic in nations where malaria is highly pandemic.
T22 2249-2261 Sentence denotes CONCLUSIONS:
T23 2262-2337 Sentence denotes Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have antiviral characteristics in vitro.
T24 2338-2434 Sentence denotes The findings support the hypothesis that these drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.
T25 2435-2486 Sentence denotes People are currently using these drugs for malaria.
T26 2487-2672 Sentence denotes It is reasonable, given the hypothetical benefit of these two drugs, that they are now being tested in clinical trials to assess their effectiveness to combat this global health crisis.

PubMed_Structured_Abstracts

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 88-1082 OBJECTIVE denotes The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic which has swiftly involved the entire world and raised great public health concerns. The scientific community is actively exploring treatments that would potentially be effective in combating COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine has been demonstrated to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. In malarial pandemic countries, chloroquine is widely used to treat malaria. In malarial non-pandemic nations, chloroquine is not widely used. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine share similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to indirectly investigate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 by determining the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic nations. We sought evidence to support or refute the hypothesis that these drugs could show efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.
T2 1106-1796 MATERIALS AND METHODS denotes We reviewed in vitro studies, in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports, that were conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The studies on "COVID-19 and its allied treatment were found from World Health Organization (WHO), ISI-Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. The search was based on keywords: antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment modalities, and coronavirus. In addition, we analyzed the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic countries. The review and analyses were performed on March 28, 2020.
T3 1806-2248 RESULTS denotes For this study, we identified a total of 09 published articles: 03 clinical trials with sample size 150; 03 in vitro studies and 03 expert consensus reports. These studies were all suggestive that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19 infections. We found that COVID-19 infections are highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least pandemic and are least pandemic in nations where malaria is highly pandemic.
T4 2262-2672 CONCLUSIONS denotes Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have antiviral characteristics in vitro. The findings support the hypothesis that these drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. People are currently using these drugs for malaria. It is reasonable, given the hypothetical benefit of these two drugs, that they are now being tested in clinical trials to assess their effectiveness to combat this global health crisis.

LitCovid-OGER-BB

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 12-23 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes chloroquine
T2 28-46 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T3 67-75 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T4 98-110 SP_7 denotes severe acute
T5 111-122 SP_7;UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T6 123-145 SP_7 denotes syndrome coronavirus 2
T7 147-157 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T8 172-180 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T9 396-404 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T10 406-424 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes Hydroxychloroquine
T11 460-471 GO:0006260 denotes replication
T12 475-485 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T13 486-491 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T14 534-545 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes chloroquine
T15 613-624 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes chloroquine
T16 645-656 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes Chloroquine
T17 661-679 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T18 808-819 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes chloroquine
T19 824-842 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T20 864-872 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T21 906-914 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T22 1027-1032 CHEBI:23888;CHEBI:23888 denotes drugs
T23 1073-1081 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T24 1192-1201 SO:0000993 denotes consensus
T25 1271-1282 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes chloroquine
T26 1287-1305 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T27 1323-1331 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T28 1531-1540 CHEBI:35718;CHEBI:35718 denotes antiviral
T29 1541-1546 CHEBI:36044;CHEBI:36044 denotes drugs
T30 1548-1559 CHEBI:3638;CHEBI:3638;DG_10 denotes chloroquine
T31 1561-1579 CHEBI:5801;CHEBI:5801;DG_20 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T32 1581-1589 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T33 1591-1599 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T34 1626-1637 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T35 1682-1690 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T36 1945-1954 SO:0000993 denotes consensus
T37 2003-2014 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes chloroquine
T38 2019-2037 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T39 2061-2069 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T40 2096-2104 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T41 2262-2273 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes Chloroquine
T42 2278-2296 CHEBI:5801;DG_20;CHEBI:5801 denotes hydroxychloroquine
T43 2385-2390 CHEBI:23888;CHEBI:23888 denotes drugs
T44 2425-2433 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T45 2435-2441 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes People
T46 2468-2473 CHEBI:23888;CHEBI:23888 denotes drugs
T47 2549-2554 CHEBI:23888;CHEBI:23888 denotes drugs

LitCovid_AGAC_only

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
p14252s23 186-192 Reg denotes caused