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However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza viruses.\nRESEARCH QUESTION: The aim of the study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).\nSTUDY DESIGN: and Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. We compared two independent cohorts of ARDS patients infected with either COVID-19 (n=73) or H1N1 (n=75). We analyzed and compared their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and prognosis.\nRESULTS: The median age of COVID-19 patients was higher than that of H1N1 patients, and there was a higher proportion of males among COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). COVID-19 patients exhibited higher proportions of non-productive coughs, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms than those of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.05). H1N1 patients had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores than COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). The PaO2/FiO2 of 198.2 mmHg in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than the PaO2/FiO2 of 107.0 mmHg of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). Ground-glass opacities was more common in COVID-19 patients than in H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). There was a greater variety of antiviral therapies administered to COVID-19 patients than to H1N1 patients. The in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients was 28.8%, while that of H1N1 patients was 34.7% (p=0.483). SOFA-score adjusted mortality of H1N1 patients was significantly higher than that of COVID-19 patients with the rate ratio was 2.009 (95% CI [1.563, 2.583], p\u003c0.001).\nINTERPRETATION: There were many differences between COVID-19 and H1N1-induced ARDS patients in clinical presentations. Compared with H1N1, patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS had lower severity of illness scores at presentation and lower SOFA-score adjusted mortality."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO-v1","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":41,"end":76},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":47,"end":76},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":87,"end":95},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":140,"end":164},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":166,"end":174},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":345,"end":353},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":377,"end":387},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":406,"end":415},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":525,"end":533},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":538,"end":556},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":538,"end":547},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":557,"end":566},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":584,"end":619},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":590,"end":619},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":621,"end":625},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":739,"end":743},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":774,"end":782},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":941,"end":949},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1055},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1083},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1305,"end":1313},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1372},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1510,"end":1518},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1628,"end":1636},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1698,"end":1706},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1861,"end":1869},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1995,"end":2003},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":2021,"end":2025},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":2096,"end":2104},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":2113,"end":2117},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A18","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A19","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A20","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A21","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A22","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A23","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A24","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A25","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A26","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A27","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A28","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A29","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T29","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A30","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T30","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"}],"text":"Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1.\nBACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in December 2019, considerable attention has been focused on its elucidation. However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza viruses.\nRESEARCH QUESTION: The aim of the study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).\nSTUDY DESIGN: and Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. We compared two independent cohorts of ARDS patients infected with either COVID-19 (n=73) or H1N1 (n=75). We analyzed and compared their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and prognosis.\nRESULTS: The median age of COVID-19 patients was higher than that of H1N1 patients, and there was a higher proportion of males among COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). COVID-19 patients exhibited higher proportions of non-productive coughs, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms than those of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.05). H1N1 patients had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores than COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). The PaO2/FiO2 of 198.2 mmHg in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than the PaO2/FiO2 of 107.0 mmHg of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). Ground-glass opacities was more common in COVID-19 patients than in H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). There was a greater variety of antiviral therapies administered to COVID-19 patients than to H1N1 patients. The in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients was 28.8%, while that of H1N1 patients was 34.7% (p=0.483). SOFA-score adjusted mortality of H1N1 patients was significantly higher than that of COVID-19 patients with the rate ratio was 2.009 (95% CI [1.563, 2.583], p\u003c0.001).\nINTERPRETATION: There were many differences between COVID-19 and H1N1-induced ARDS patients in clinical presentations. Compared with H1N1, patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS had lower severity of illness scores at presentation and lower SOFA-score adjusted mortality."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP-v1","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":47,"end":67},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":557,"end":566},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":590,"end":610},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1125,"end":1146},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1129,"end":1146},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1148,"end":1155},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031246"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031245"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378"}],"text":"Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1.\nBACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in December 2019, considerable attention has been focused on its elucidation. However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza viruses.\nRESEARCH QUESTION: The aim of the study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).\nSTUDY DESIGN: and Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. We compared two independent cohorts of ARDS patients infected with either COVID-19 (n=73) or H1N1 (n=75). We analyzed and compared their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and prognosis.\nRESULTS: The median age of COVID-19 patients was higher than that of H1N1 patients, and there was a higher proportion of males among COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). COVID-19 patients exhibited higher proportions of non-productive coughs, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms than those of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.05). H1N1 patients had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores than COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). The PaO2/FiO2 of 198.2 mmHg in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than the PaO2/FiO2 of 107.0 mmHg of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). Ground-glass opacities was more common in COVID-19 patients than in H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). There was a greater variety of antiviral therapies administered to COVID-19 patients than to H1N1 patients. The in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients was 28.8%, while that of H1N1 patients was 34.7% (p=0.483). SOFA-score adjusted mortality of H1N1 patients was significantly higher than that of COVID-19 patients with the rate ratio was 2.009 (95% CI [1.563, 2.583], p\u003c0.001).\nINTERPRETATION: There were many differences between COVID-19 and H1N1-induced ARDS patients in clinical presentations. Compared with H1N1, patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS had lower severity of illness scores at presentation and lower SOFA-score adjusted mortality."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON-v1","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1261,"end":1266},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498"},{"id":"A6629","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062"}],"text":"Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1.\nBACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in December 2019, considerable attention has been focused on its elucidation. However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza viruses.\nRESEARCH QUESTION: The aim of the study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).\nSTUDY DESIGN: and Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. We compared two independent cohorts of ARDS patients infected with either COVID-19 (n=73) or H1N1 (n=75). We analyzed and compared their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and prognosis.\nRESULTS: The median age of COVID-19 patients was higher than that of H1N1 patients, and there was a higher proportion of males among COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). COVID-19 patients exhibited higher proportions of non-productive coughs, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms than those of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.05). H1N1 patients had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores than COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). The PaO2/FiO2 of 198.2 mmHg in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than the PaO2/FiO2 of 107.0 mmHg of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). Ground-glass opacities was more common in COVID-19 patients than in H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). There was a greater variety of antiviral therapies administered to COVID-19 patients than to H1N1 patients. The in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients was 28.8%, while that of H1N1 patients was 34.7% (p=0.483). SOFA-score adjusted mortality of H1N1 patients was significantly higher than that of COVID-19 patients with the rate ratio was 2.009 (95% CI [1.563, 2.583], p\u003c0.001).\nINTERPRETATION: There were many differences between COVID-19 and H1N1-induced ARDS patients in clinical presentations. Compared with H1N1, patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS had lower severity of illness scores at presentation and lower SOFA-score adjusted mortality."}

{"project":"MeasurableQuantitativeAnnotation","denotations":[{"id":"E1","span":{"begin":1337,"end":1346},"obj":"entity"},{"id":"N1","span":{"begin":1350,"end":1355},"obj":"num"},{"id":"U1","span":{"begin":1356,"end":1360},"obj":"unit"},{"id":"E1","span":{"begin":1673,"end":1694},"obj":"entity"},{"id":"N1","span":{"begin":1720,"end":1724},"obj":"num"},{"id":"U1","span":{"begin":1724,"end":1725},"obj":"unit"}],"relations":[{"id":"R1","pred":"associateWith","subj":"E1","obj":"N1"},{"id":"R2","pred":"associateOf","subj":"N1","obj":"U1"},{"id":"R1","pred":"associateWith","subj":"E1","obj":"N1"},{"id":"R2","pred":"associateOf","subj":"N1","obj":"U1"}],"text":"Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1.\nBACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in December 2019, considerable attention has been focused on its elucidation. However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza viruses.\nRESEARCH QUESTION: The aim of the study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).\nSTUDY DESIGN: and Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. We compared two independent cohorts of ARDS patients infected with either COVID-19 (n=73) or H1N1 (n=75). We analyzed and compared their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and prognosis.\nRESULTS: The median age of COVID-19 patients was higher than that of H1N1 patients, and there was a higher proportion of males among COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). COVID-19 patients exhibited higher proportions of non-productive coughs, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms than those of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.05). H1N1 patients had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores than COVID-19 patients (p\u003c0.05). The PaO2/FiO2 of 198.2 mmHg in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than the PaO2/FiO2 of 107.0 mmHg of H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). Ground-glass opacities was more common in COVID-19 patients than in H1N1 patients (p\u003c0.001). There was a greater variety of antiviral therapies administered to COVID-19 patients than to H1N1 patients. The in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients was 28.8%, while that of H1N1 patients was 34.7% (p=0.483). SOFA-score adjusted mortality of H1N1 patients was significantly higher than that of COVID-19 patients with the rate ratio was 2.009 (95% CI [1.563, 2.583], p\u003c0.001).\nINTERPRETATION: There were many differences between COVID-19 and H1N1-induced ARDS patients in clinical presentations. Compared with H1N1, patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS had lower severity of illness scores at presentation and lower SOFA-score adjusted mortality."}