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PubMed_ArguminSci

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 155-312 DRI_Challenge denotes Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a pathogen belonging to the genus Deltacoronavirus that in 2014 caused outbreaks of piglet diarrhea in the United States.
T2 313-468 DRI_Challenge denotes To identify suitable therapeutic targets, a more comprehensive understanding of the viral entry pathway is required, particularly of the role of proteases.
T3 469-646 DRI_Approach denotes Here, we identified the proteases that activate the viral spike (S) glycoprotein to initiate cell entry and also pinpointed the host-cellular pathways that PDCoV uses for entry.
T4 647-828 DRI_Outcome denotes Our results revealed that cathepsin L (CTSL) and cathepsin B (CTSB) in lysosomes and extracellular trypsin in cell cultures independently activate the S protein for membrane fusion.
T5 829-1104 DRI_Outcome denotes Pretreating the cells with the lysosomal acidification inhibitor bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1) completely inhibited PDCoV entry, and siRNA-mediated ablation of CTSL or CTSB expression significantly reduced viral infection, indicating that PDCoV uses an endosomal pathway for entry.
T6 1105-1223 DRI_Approach denotes Of note, trypsin treatment of cell cultures also activated PDCoV entry, even when the endosomal pathway was inhibited.
T7 1224-1374 DRI_Outcome denotes This observation indicated that trypsin-induced S protein cleavage and activation in cell cultures enables viral entry directly from the cell surface.
T8 1375-1598 DRI_Outcome denotes Our results provide critical insights into the PDCoV infection mechanism, uncovering two distinct viral entry pathways: one through cathepsin L and cathepsin B in the endosome and another via a protease at the cell surface.
T9 1599-1906 DRI_Background denotes Because PDCoV infection sites represent a proteases-rich environment, these findings suggest that endosome inhibitor treatment alone is insufficient to block PDCoV entry into intestinal epithelial cells in vivo Therefore, approaches that inhibit viral entry from the cell membrane should also be considered.

sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-55 Sentence denotes Porcine deltacoronavirus enters cells via two pathways:
T2 56-154 Sentence denotes A protease-mediated one at the cell surface and another facilitated by cathepsins in the endosome.
T3 155-312 Sentence denotes Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a pathogen belonging to the genus Deltacoronavirus that in 2014 caused outbreaks of piglet diarrhea in the United States.
T4 313-468 Sentence denotes To identify suitable therapeutic targets, a more comprehensive understanding of the viral entry pathway is required, particularly of the role of proteases.
T5 469-646 Sentence denotes Here, we identified the proteases that activate the viral spike (S) glycoprotein to initiate cell entry and also pinpointed the host-cellular pathways that PDCoV uses for entry.
T6 647-828 Sentence denotes Our results revealed that cathepsin L (CTSL) and cathepsin B (CTSB) in lysosomes and extracellular trypsin in cell cultures independently activate the S protein for membrane fusion.
T7 829-1104 Sentence denotes Pretreating the cells with the lysosomal acidification inhibitor bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1) completely inhibited PDCoV entry, and siRNA-mediated ablation of CTSL or CTSB expression significantly reduced viral infection, indicating that PDCoV uses an endosomal pathway for entry.
T8 1105-1223 Sentence denotes Of note, trypsin treatment of cell cultures also activated PDCoV entry, even when the endosomal pathway was inhibited.
T9 1224-1374 Sentence denotes This observation indicated that trypsin-induced S protein cleavage and activation in cell cultures enables viral entry directly from the cell surface.
T10 1375-1598 Sentence denotes Our results provide critical insights into the PDCoV infection mechanism, uncovering two distinct viral entry pathways: one through cathepsin L and cathepsin B in the endosome and another via a protease at the cell surface.
T11 1599-1906 Sentence denotes Because PDCoV infection sites represent a proteases-rich environment, these findings suggest that endosome inhibitor treatment alone is insufficient to block PDCoV entry into intestinal epithelial cells in vivo Therefore, approaches that inhibit viral entry from the cell membrane should also be considered.

Glycosmos6-MAT

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 1774-1784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000043 denotes intestinal

GlyCosmos15-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 282-290 Phenotype denotes diarrhea HP:0002014

mondo_disease

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 282-290 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T2 1029-1044 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T3 1428-1437 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T4 1613-1622 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

NCBITAXON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue db_id
T1 8-24 OrganismTaxon denotes deltacoronavirus 1159901
T2 163-179 OrganismTaxon denotes deltacoronavirus 1159901
T3 225-241 OrganismTaxon denotes Deltacoronavirus 1159901

Anatomy-MAT

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mat_id
T1 1774-1784 Body_part denotes intestinal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000043

Anatomy-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 718-727 Body_part denotes lysosomes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005764
T2 732-745 Body_part denotes extracellular http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005576
T3 812-820 Body_part denotes membrane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000094|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158
T6 1774-1801 Body_part denotes intestinal epithelial cells http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002563
T7 1866-1879 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005886

Glycosmos15-CL

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue cl_id
T1 1774-1801 Cell denotes intestinal epithelial cells http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0002563