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PubMed:28173633 JSONTXT

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pqqtest_sentence

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
M_0 62-70 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_1 318-326 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_2 968-976 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_3 1237-1245 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_4 1366-1374 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_5 1585-1593 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_6 1770-1778 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_7 261-275 xzyao:38549 denotes previous study
M_8 1669-1680 WTO:0000011, funRiceGene:359 denotes development
M_9 804-824 xzyao:29649 denotes different expression
M_10 1264-1278 xzyao:3470 denotes RIL population
M_11 863-874 funRiceGene:346, xzyao:15326 denotes cold stress
M_12 1684-1692 xzyao:38844 denotes the gene
M_13 814-833 xzyao:38569 denotes expression patterns
M_14 40-44 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_15 116-120 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_16 176-180 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_17 238-242 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_18 293-297 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_19 381-385 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_20 463-467 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_21 517-521 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_22 863-867 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_23 933-937 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_24 977-981 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_25 1246-1250 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_26 1344-1348 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_27 1563-1567 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_28 1748-1752 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_29 8-23 xzyao:31476 denotes functional gene
M_30 1468-1483 xzyao:31476 denotes functional gene
M_31 1631-1646 xzyao:31476 denotes functional gene
M_32 1399-1415 xzyao:27524 denotes wild-type plants
M_33 468-484 xzyao:11659 denotes tolerant variety
M_34 1335-1358 xzyao:44265 denotes enhanced cold tolerance
M_35 868-874 funRiceGene:361 denotes stress
M_36 45-54 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_37 243-252 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_38 982-991 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_39 1251-1260 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_40 1349-1358 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_41 1568-1577 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_42 1753-1762 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_43 40-54 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:22726 denotes cold tolerance
M_44 238-252 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:22726 denotes cold tolerance
M_45 977-991 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:22726 denotes cold tolerance
M_46 1246-1260 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:22726 denotes cold tolerance
M_47 1344-1358 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:22726 denotes cold tolerance
M_48 1563-1577 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:22726 denotes cold tolerance
M_49 1748-1762 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:22726 denotes cold tolerance
M_50 225-233 funRiceGene:189 denotes breeding
M_51 1735-1743 funRiceGene:189 denotes breeding
M_52 80-84 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_53 220-224 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_54 1603-1607 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_55 1788-1792 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_56 999-1007 hunflair:NA:CellLine denotes RI lines
M_57 781-793 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_58 951-963 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_59 1053-1065 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_60 1289-1301 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_61 1448-1460 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_62 80-84 pubtator:4530:Species denotes rice
M_63 220-224 pubtator:4530:Species denotes rice
M_64 1603-1607 pubtator:4530:Species denotes rice
M_65 1788-1792 pubtator:4530:Species denotes rice

21k_plant_trait_mention

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
M_0 977-991 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:3220 denotes cold tolerance
M_1 1246-1260 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:3220 denotes cold tolerance
M_2 1344-1358 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:3220 denotes cold tolerance
M_3 1563-1577 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:3220 denotes cold tolerance
M_4 1748-1762 TO:0000303, funRiceGene:81, xzyao:3220 denotes cold tolerance
M_5 982-991 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_6 1251-1260 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_7 1349-1358 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_8 1568-1577 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_9 1753-1762 funRiceGene:214 denotes tolerance
M_10 933-947 xzyao:1201 denotes cold induction
M_11 225-233 funRiceGene:189 denotes breeding
M_12 1735-1743 funRiceGene:189 denotes breeding
M_13 318-326 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_14 968-976 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_15 1237-1245 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_16 1366-1374 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_17 1585-1593 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_18 1770-1778 PO:0008037, funRiceGene:218 denotes seedling
M_19 176-180 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_20 238-242 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_21 381-385 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_22 863-867 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_23 933-937 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_24 977-981 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_25 1246-1250 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_26 1344-1348 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_27 1563-1567 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_28 1748-1752 WTO:0000129, funRiceGene:509 denotes cold
M_29 1669-1680 WTO:0000011, funRiceGene:359 denotes development
M_30 463-484 xzyao:1678 denotes cold-tolerant variety
M_31 80-84 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_32 220-224 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_33 1603-1607 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_34 1788-1792 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_35 999-1007 hunflair:NA:CellLine denotes RI lines
M_36 781-793 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_37 951-963 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_38 1053-1065 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_39 1289-1301 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_40 1448-1460 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_41 80-84 pubtator:4530:Species denotes rice
M_42 220-224 pubtator:4530:Species denotes rice
M_43 1603-1607 pubtator:4530:Species denotes rice
M_44 1788-1792 pubtator:4530:Species denotes rice

OryzaGP_2021

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 40-54 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T2 40-54 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T3 40-54 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T4 40-54 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T5 238-252 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T6 238-252 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T7 238-252 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T8 238-252 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T9 334-340 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/21658 denotes qCTS-9
T10 613-619 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/21658 denotes qCTS-9
T11 977-991 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T12 977-991 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T13 977-991 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T14 977-991 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T15 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/682 denotes RI
T16 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6818 denotes RI
T17 1246-1260 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T18 1246-1260 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T19 1246-1260 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T20 1246-1260 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T21 1344-1358 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T22 1344-1358 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T23 1344-1358 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T24 1344-1358 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T25 1495-1501 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/21658 denotes qCTS-9
T26 1563-1577 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T27 1563-1577 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T28 1563-1577 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T29 1563-1577 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T30 1658-1664 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/21658 denotes qCTS-9
T31 1748-1762 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T32 1748-1762 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T33 1748-1762 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T34 1748-1762 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T35 1852-1855 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/7170 denotes MAS
T49188 334-340 http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os09g24440 denotes qCTS-9
T13894 613-619 http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os09g24440 denotes qCTS-9
T53639 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os05g38120 denotes RI
T21582 1495-1501 http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os09g24440 denotes qCTS-9
T22439 1658-1664 http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os09g24440 denotes qCTS-9
T59571 1852-1855 http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os04g10010 denotes MAS
T88918 334-340 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes qCTS-9
T75474 613-619 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes qCTS-9
T78082 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os05g0455200 denotes RI
T16163 1495-1501 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes qCTS-9
T77668 1658-1664 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes qCTS-9
T57868 1852-1855 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os04g0179200 denotes MAS
T7358 334-340 http://identifiers.org/uniprot/Q761Z4 denotes qCTS-9
T45296 613-619 http://identifiers.org/uniprot/Q761Z4 denotes qCTS-9
T68353 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/uniprot/Q60EM7 denotes RI
T88940 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/uniprot/D4QFI4 denotes RI
T56231 1495-1501 http://identifiers.org/uniprot/Q761Z4 denotes qCTS-9
T81479 1658-1664 http://identifiers.org/uniprot/Q761Z4 denotes qCTS-9
T22690 1852-1855 http://identifiers.org/uniprot/Q01M90 denotes MAS
M_0 999-1007 hunflair:NA:CellLine denotes RI lines
M_1 781-793 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_2 951-963 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_3 1053-1065 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_4 1289-1301 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_5 1448-1460 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_6 80-84 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_7 220-224 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_8 1603-1607 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_9 1788-1792 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice

OryzaGP_2022

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 40-54 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T2 40-54 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T3 40-54 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T4 40-54 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T5 238-252 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T6 238-252 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T7 238-252 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T8 238-252 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T9 977-991 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T10 977-991 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T11 977-991 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T12 977-991 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T13 1246-1260 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T14 1246-1260 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T15 1246-1260 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T16 1246-1260 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T17 1344-1358 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T18 1344-1358 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T19 1344-1358 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T20 1344-1358 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T21 1563-1577 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T22 1563-1577 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T23 1563-1577 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T24 1563-1577 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance
T25 1748-1762 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6368 denotes cold tolerance
T26 1748-1762 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6367 denotes cold tolerance
T27 1748-1762 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6366 denotes cold tolerance
T28 1748-1762 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6365 denotes cold tolerance

OryzaGP_2021_v2

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 334-340 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/21658 denotes qCTS-9
T2 613-619 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/21658 denotes qCTS-9
T3 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/682 denotes RI
T4 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/6818 denotes RI
T5 1495-1501 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/21658 denotes qCTS-9
T6 1658-1664 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/21658 denotes qCTS-9
T7 1852-1855 http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/7170 denotes MAS
T17913 334-340 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes qCTS-9
T80970 613-619 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes qCTS-9
T92905 781-793 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes Os09g0410300
T97519 951-963 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes Os09g0410300
T25471 999-1001 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os05g0455200 denotes RI
T32126 1053-1065 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes Os09g0410300
T90985 1289-1301 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes Os09g0410300
T8 1448-1460 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes Os09g0410300
T9 1495-1501 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes qCTS-9
T10 1658-1664 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os09g0410300 denotes qCTS-9
T11 1852-1855 http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os04g0179200 denotes MAS

OryzaGP_2021_FLAIR

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
M_0 999-1007 hunflair:NA:CellLine denotes RI lines
M_1 781-793 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_2 951-963 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_3 1053-1065 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_4 1289-1301 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_5 1448-1460 hunflair:NA:Gene denotes Os09g0410300
M_6 80-84 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_7 220-224 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_8 1603-1607 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice
M_9 1788-1792 hunflair:NA:Species denotes rice

funRiceGenes-all

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
PTO-all_T1 40-54 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-all_T2 116-129 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold-tolerant
PTO-all_T3 238-252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-all_T4 293-306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold-tolerant
PTO-all_T5 463-476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold-tolerant
PTO-all_T6 977-991 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-all_T7 1246-1260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-all_T8 1344-1358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-all_T9 1563-1577 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-all_T10 1748-1762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance

funRiceGenes-exact

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
PTO-exact_T1 40-54 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-exact_T2 116-129 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold-tolerant
PTO-exact_T3 238-252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-exact_T4 293-306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold-tolerant
PTO-exact_T5 463-476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold-tolerant
PTO-exact_T6 977-991 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-exact_T7 1246-1260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-exact_T8 1344-1358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-exact_T9 1563-1577 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance
PTO-exact_T10 1748-1762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO_0000303 denotes cold tolerance

OryzaGP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 40-54 gene denotes cold tolerance
T2 238-252 gene denotes cold tolerance
T3 781-793 gene denotes Os09g0410300
T4 951-963 gene denotes Os09g0410300
T5 977-991 gene denotes cold tolerance
T6 1053-1065 gene denotes Os09g0410300
T7 1246-1260 gene denotes cold tolerance
T8 1289-1301 gene denotes Os09g0410300
T9 1344-1358 gene denotes cold tolerance
T10 1448-1460 gene denotes Os09g0410300
T11 1495-1501 gene denotes qCTS-9
T12 1563-1577 gene denotes cold tolerance
T13 1658-1664 gene denotes qCTS-9
T14 1748-1762 gene denotes cold tolerance

Oryza_sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-85 Sentence denotes A novel functional gene associated with cold tolerance at the seedling stage in rice.
T2 86-253 Sentence denotes Identification and cloning of cold-tolerant genes that can stably express under different cold environments are crucial for molecular rice breeding for cold tolerance.
T3 254-564 Sentence denotes In the previous study, we identified a cold-tolerant QTL at the seedling stage, qCTS-9 which could be detected under different cold environments using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cold-tolerant variety Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and a cold-sensitive variety Shanhuangzhan 2 (SHZ-2).
T4 565-745 Sentence denotes In this study, eight candidate genes within the qCTS-9 interval were identified through integrated analysis of QTL mapping with genomewide differential expression profiling of LTH.
T5 746-1008 Sentence denotes The qRT-PCR assay showed that only Os09g0410300 exhibited different expression patterns between LTH and SHZ-2 during cold stress, and significantly positive correlation was found between cold induction of Os09g0410300 and seedling cold tolerance in the RI lines.
T6 1009-1279 Sentence denotes Five SNPs and one InDel in the promoters of Os09g0410300 were detected between LTH and SHZ-2, and the InDel marker ID410300 designed based on the insertion-deletion polymorphism in the promoter was significantly associated with seedling cold tolerance in RIL population.
T7 1280-1416 Sentence denotes Further, Os09g0410300 over-expression plants exhibited enhanced cold tolerance at the seedling stage compared with the wild-type plants.
T8 1417-1502 Sentence denotes Thus, our results suggest that Os09g0410300 is the functional gene underlying qCTS-9.
T9 1503-1608 Sentence denotes To our knowledge, it is a novel gene contributed to enhance cold tolerance at the seedling stage in rice.
T10 1609-1857 Sentence denotes Identification of the functional gene underlying qCTS-9 and development of the gene-specific marker will facilitate molecular breeding for cold tolerance at the seedling stage in rice through transgenic approach and marker-assisted selection (MAS).