PubMed:27477178
Annnotations
Inflammaging
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0-17 | Sentence | denotes | Trichotillomania: |
T2 | 18-66 | Sentence | denotes | Bizzare Patern of Hair Loss at 11-Year-old Girl. |
T3 | 67-245 | Sentence | denotes | Trichotillomania (TTM) is defined by the Diagnostics and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DMS-IV) as hair loss from a patient`s repetitive self-pulling of hair. |
T4 | 246-348 | Sentence | denotes | The disorder is included under anxiety disorders because it shares some obsessive-compulsive features. |
T5 | 349-462 | Sentence | denotes | Patients have the tendency towards feelings of unattractiveness, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem (1,2). |
T6 | 463-568 | Sentence | denotes | It is a major psychiatric problem, but many patients with this disorder first present to a dermatologist. |
T7 | 569-714 | Sentence | denotes | An 11-year-old girl came to our department with a 2-month history of diffuse hair loss on the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area (Figure 1). |
T8 | 715-804 | Sentence | denotes | She had originally been examined by a pediatrician with the diagnosis of alopecia areata. |
T9 | 805-927 | Sentence | denotes | The patient`s personal history included hay fever and shortsightedness, and she suffered from varicella and mononucleosis. |
T10 | 928-1063 | Sentence | denotes | Nobody in the family history suffered from alopecia areata, but her father has male androgenetic alopecia (Norwood/Hamilton MAGA C3F3). |
T11 | 1064-1206 | Sentence | denotes | The mother noticed that the child had had changeable mood for about 2 months and did not want to communicate with other persons in the family. |
T12 | 1207-1247 | Sentence | denotes | The family did not have any pet at home. |
T13 | 1248-1312 | Sentence | denotes | At school, her favorite subjects were Math and Computer Studies. |
T14 | 1313-1418 | Sentence | denotes | She did not like Physical Education and did not participate in any sport activities during her free time. |
T15 | 1419-1493 | Sentence | denotes | This was very strange because she was obese (body-mass index (BMI) 24.69). |
T16 | 1494-1579 | Sentence | denotes | She was sometimes angry with her 13-year-old sister who had better results at school. |
T17 | 1580-1631 | Sentence | denotes | The girl had suddenly started to wear a blue scarf. |
T18 | 1632-1696 | Sentence | denotes | The parents did not notice that she pulled out her hair at home. |
T19 | 1697-1875 | Sentence | denotes | Dermatological examination of the capillitium found a zone of incomplete alopecia in the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area, without inflammation, desquamation, and scaring. |
T20 | 1876-1917 | Sentence | denotes | Hairs were of variable length (Figure 1). |
T21 | 1918-2036 | Sentence | denotes | There was a patch of incomplete alopecia above the forehead between two stripes of hair of variable length (Figure 2). |
T22 | 2037-2101 | Sentence | denotes | The hair pull test was negative along the edges of the alopecia. |
T23 | 2102-2165 | Sentence | denotes | Mycological examination from the skin capillitium was negative. |
T24 | 2166-2285 | Sentence | denotes | The trichoscopy and skin biopsy of the parietotemporal region of the capillitium (Figure 3) confirmed trichotillomania. |
T25 | 2286-2441 | Sentence | denotes | Laboratory tests (blood count, iron, ferritin, transferrin, selenium, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, serology and hormones of thyroid gland) were negative. |
T26 | 2442-2512 | Sentence | denotes | We referred the girl for ophthalmologic and psychological examination. |
T27 | 2513-2595 | Sentence | denotes | Ophthalmologic examination proved that there was no need to add any more diopters. |
T28 | 2596-2693 | Sentence | denotes | The psychological examination provided us with a picture in which she drew her family (Figure 4). |
T29 | 2694-2802 | Sentence | denotes | The strongest authority in the family was the mother because she looked after the girls for most of the day. |
T30 | 2803-2845 | Sentence | denotes | She was in the first place in the picture. |
T31 | 2846-2919 | Sentence | denotes | The father had longer working hours and spent more time outside the home. |
T32 | 2920-2955 | Sentence | denotes | He worked as a long vehicle driver. |
T33 | 2956-2998 | Sentence | denotes | He was in the second place in the picture. |
T34 | 2999-3121 | Sentence | denotes | There was sibling rivalry between the girls, but the parents did not notice this problem and preferred the older daughter. |
T35 | 3122-3221 | Sentence | denotes | She was successful at school and was prettier (slim, higher, curly brown hair, without spectacles). |
T36 | 3222-3369 | Sentence | denotes | Our 11-years-old patient noticed all these differences between them, but at her level of mental development was not able to cope with this problem. |
T37 | 3370-3406 | Sentence | denotes | She wanted to be her sister's equal. |
T38 | 3407-3560 | Sentence | denotes | The sister is drawn in the picture in the third place next to father, while the patient's own figure was drawn larger and slim even though she was obese. |
T39 | 3561-3625 | Sentence | denotes | Notably, all three female figures had very nice long brown hair. |
T40 | 3626-3749 | Sentence | denotes | It seemed that the mother and our patient had better quality of hair and more intense color than the sister in the drawing. |
T41 | 3750-3805 | Sentence | denotes | The only hairless person in the picture was the father. |
T42 | 3806-3876 | Sentence | denotes | The girl did not want to talk about her problems and feelings at home. |
T43 | 3877-3968 | Sentence | denotes | Then it was confirmed that our patient was very sensitive, anxious, willful, and withdrawn. |
T44 | 3969-4047 | Sentence | denotes | She was interested in her body and very perceptive of her physical appearance. |
T45 | 4048-4190 | Sentence | denotes | From the psychological point of view, the parents started to pay more interest to their younger daughter and tried to understand and help her. |
T46 | 4191-4476 | Sentence | denotes | After consultation with the psychiatrist, we did not start psychopharmacologic therapy for trichotillomania; instead, we started treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, mild shampoo, mild topical steroids (e.g. hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%) in solution and methionine in capsules. |
T47 | 4477-4533 | Sentence | denotes | With parents' cooperation, the treatment was successful. |
T48 | 4534-4703 | Sentence | denotes | The name trichotillomania was first employed by the French dermatologist Francois Henri Hallopeau in 1889, who described a young man pulling his hair out in tufts (3-5). |
T49 | 4704-4796 | Sentence | denotes | The word is derived from the Greek thrix (hair), tillein (to pull), and mania (madness) (5). |
T50 | 4797-4965 | Sentence | denotes | The prevalence of TTM in the general adult population ranges from 0.6% to 4%, and 2-4% of the general psychiatric outpatient population meet the criteria for TTM (2-5). |
T51 | 4966-5051 | Sentence | denotes | The prevalence among children and adolescents has been estimated at less than 1% (5). |
T52 | 5052-5100 | Sentence | denotes | The disease can occur at any age and in any sex. |
T53 | 5101-5184 | Sentence | denotes | The age of onset of hair pulling is significantly later for men than for women (3). |
T54 | 5185-5280 | Sentence | denotes | There are three subsets of age: preschool children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults. |
T55 | 5281-5319 | Sentence | denotes | The mean age of onset is pre-pubertal. |
T56 | 5320-5379 | Sentence | denotes | It ranges from 8 to 13 years (on average 11.3 years) (2-5). |
T57 | 5380-5491 | Sentence | denotes | The occurrence of hair-pulling in the first year of life is a rare event, probably comprising <1% of cases (5). |
T58 | 5492-5780 | Sentence | denotes | The etiology of TTM is complex and may be triggered by a psychosocial stressor within the family, such as separation from an attachment figure, hospitalization of the child or parent, birth of a younger sibling, sibling rivalry, moving to a new house, or problems with school performance. |
T59 | 5781-5923 | Sentence | denotes | It has been hypothesized that the habit may begin with "playing" with the hair, with later chronic pulling resulting in obvious hair loss (2). |
T60 | 5924-6028 | Sentence | denotes | Environment is a factor because children usually pull their hair when alone and in relaxed surroundings. |
T61 | 6029-6115 | Sentence | denotes | The bedroom, bathroom, or family room are "high-risk" situations for hair-pulling (5). |
T62 | 6116-6283 | Sentence | denotes | Men and women also differed in terms of the hair pulling site (men pull hair from the stomach/back and the moustache/beard areas, while women pull from the scalp) (3). |
T63 | 6284-6429 | Sentence | denotes | Pulling hair from siblings, pets, dolls, and stuffed animals has also been documented, often occurring in the same pattern as in the patient (5). |
T64 | 6430-6581 | Sentence | denotes | Genetic factors contributing to the development of TTM are mutations of the SLITRK1 gene, which plays a role in cortex development and neuronal growth. |
T65 | 6582-6693 | Sentence | denotes | The protein SAPAP3 has been present in 4.2% of TTM cases and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). |
T66 | 6694-6755 | Sentence | denotes | It may be involved in the development of the spectrum of OCD. |
T67 | 6756-6891 | Sentence | denotes | A significantly different concordance rate for TTM was found in monozygotic (38.1%) compared with dizygotic (0%) twins in 34 pairs (3). |
T68 | 6892-6999 | Sentence | denotes | The core diagnostic feature is the repetitive pulling of hairs from one`s own body, resulting in hair loss. |
T69 | 7000-7146 | Sentence | denotes | The targeted hair is mostly on the scalp (75%), but may also be from the eyebrows (42%), eyelashes (53%), beard (10%), and pubic area (17%) (3,5). |
T70 | 7147-7226 | Sentence | denotes | There are three subtypes of hair pulling - early onset, automatic, and focused. |
T71 | 7227-7296 | Sentence | denotes | Diagnostic criteria for TTM according to DSM-IV criteria are (2,3,5): |
T72 | 7297-7842 | Sentence | denotes | 1) recurrent pulling of one`s hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; 2) an increasing sense of tension immediately prior to pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior; 3) pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair; 4) the disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due to a general medical condition (e.g., a dermatologic condition); 5) the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. |
T73 | 7843-8068 | Sentence | denotes | The differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata (Table 1) (6), tinea capitis, telogen effluvium, secondary syphilis, traction alopecia, loose anagen syndrome, lichen planopilaris, alopecia mucinosa, and scleroderma (2-5). |
T74 | 8069-8176 | Sentence | denotes | Biopsy of an involved area (ideally from a recent site of hair loss) can help to confirm the diagnosis (5). |
T75 | 8177-8304 | Sentence | denotes | On histologic examination, there are typically increased numbers of catagen and telogen hairs without evidence of inflammation. |
T76 | 8305-8388 | Sentence | denotes | Chronic hair pulling induces a catagen phase, and more hairs will be telogen hairs. |
T77 | 8389-8445 | Sentence | denotes | Pigment casts and empty anagen follicles are often seen. |
T78 | 8446-8518 | Sentence | denotes | Perifollicular hemorrhage near the hair bulb is an indicator of TTM (2). |
T79 | 8519-8680 | Sentence | denotes | Complications of TTM are rare, but they comprise secondary bacterial infections with regional lymphadenopathy as a result of picking and scratching at the scalp. |
T80 | 8681-8787 | Sentence | denotes | Many patients play with and ingest the pulled hairs (e.g. touching the hair to lips, biting, and chewing). |
T81 | 8788-8903 | Sentence | denotes | Trichophagia (ingestion of the hair) can lead to a rare complication named trichobezoar (a "hair ball" in stomach). |
T82 | 8904-9008 | Sentence | denotes | This habit is present in approximately 5% to 30% of adult patients, but it is less frequent in children. |
T83 | 9009-9100 | Sentence | denotes | Patient with trichophagia present with pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. |
T84 | 9101-9170 | Sentence | denotes | Radiologic examination and gastroscopy should not be delayed (2,4,5). |
T85 | 9171-9290 | Sentence | denotes | The management of the disease is difficult and requires strong cooperation between the physician, patient, and parents. |
T86 | 9291-9483 | Sentence | denotes | The dermatologist cannot take part in the therapy, strictly speaking, but without the psychological, psychopharmacologic, and topic dermatologic treatment a vicious circle will be perpetuated. |
T1 | 0-17 | Sentence | denotes | Trichotillomania: |
T2 | 18-66 | Sentence | denotes | Bizzare Patern of Hair Loss at 11-Year-old Girl. |
T3 | 67-245 | Sentence | denotes | Trichotillomania (TTM) is defined by the Diagnostics and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DMS-IV) as hair loss from a patient`s repetitive self-pulling of hair. |
T4 | 246-348 | Sentence | denotes | The disorder is included under anxiety disorders because it shares some obsessive-compulsive features. |
T5 | 349-462 | Sentence | denotes | Patients have the tendency towards feelings of unattractiveness, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem (1,2). |
T6 | 463-568 | Sentence | denotes | It is a major psychiatric problem, but many patients with this disorder first present to a dermatologist. |
T7 | 569-714 | Sentence | denotes | An 11-year-old girl came to our department with a 2-month history of diffuse hair loss on the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area (Figure 1). |
T8 | 715-804 | Sentence | denotes | She had originally been examined by a pediatrician with the diagnosis of alopecia areata. |
T9 | 805-927 | Sentence | denotes | The patient`s personal history included hay fever and shortsightedness, and she suffered from varicella and mononucleosis. |
T10 | 928-1063 | Sentence | denotes | Nobody in the family history suffered from alopecia areata, but her father has male androgenetic alopecia (Norwood/Hamilton MAGA C3F3). |
T11 | 1064-1206 | Sentence | denotes | The mother noticed that the child had had changeable mood for about 2 months and did not want to communicate with other persons in the family. |
T12 | 1207-1247 | Sentence | denotes | The family did not have any pet at home. |
T13 | 1248-1312 | Sentence | denotes | At school, her favorite subjects were Math and Computer Studies. |
T14 | 1313-1418 | Sentence | denotes | She did not like Physical Education and did not participate in any sport activities during her free time. |
T15 | 1419-1493 | Sentence | denotes | This was very strange because she was obese (body-mass index (BMI) 24.69). |
T16 | 1494-1579 | Sentence | denotes | She was sometimes angry with her 13-year-old sister who had better results at school. |
T17 | 1580-1631 | Sentence | denotes | The girl had suddenly started to wear a blue scarf. |
T18 | 1632-1696 | Sentence | denotes | The parents did not notice that she pulled out her hair at home. |
T19 | 1697-1875 | Sentence | denotes | Dermatological examination of the capillitium found a zone of incomplete alopecia in the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area, without inflammation, desquamation, and scaring. |
T20 | 1876-1917 | Sentence | denotes | Hairs were of variable length (Figure 1). |
T21 | 1918-2036 | Sentence | denotes | There was a patch of incomplete alopecia above the forehead between two stripes of hair of variable length (Figure 2). |
T22 | 2037-2101 | Sentence | denotes | The hair pull test was negative along the edges of the alopecia. |
T23 | 2102-2165 | Sentence | denotes | Mycological examination from the skin capillitium was negative. |
T24 | 2166-2285 | Sentence | denotes | The trichoscopy and skin biopsy of the parietotemporal region of the capillitium (Figure 3) confirmed trichotillomania. |
T25 | 2286-2441 | Sentence | denotes | Laboratory tests (blood count, iron, ferritin, transferrin, selenium, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, serology and hormones of thyroid gland) were negative. |
T26 | 2442-2512 | Sentence | denotes | We referred the girl for ophthalmologic and psychological examination. |
T27 | 2513-2595 | Sentence | denotes | Ophthalmologic examination proved that there was no need to add any more diopters. |
T28 | 2596-2693 | Sentence | denotes | The psychological examination provided us with a picture in which she drew her family (Figure 4). |
T29 | 2694-2802 | Sentence | denotes | The strongest authority in the family was the mother because she looked after the girls for most of the day. |
T30 | 2803-2845 | Sentence | denotes | She was in the first place in the picture. |
T31 | 2846-2919 | Sentence | denotes | The father had longer working hours and spent more time outside the home. |
T32 | 2920-2955 | Sentence | denotes | He worked as a long vehicle driver. |
T33 | 2956-2998 | Sentence | denotes | He was in the second place in the picture. |
T34 | 2999-3121 | Sentence | denotes | There was sibling rivalry between the girls, but the parents did not notice this problem and preferred the older daughter. |
T35 | 3122-3221 | Sentence | denotes | She was successful at school and was prettier (slim, higher, curly brown hair, without spectacles). |
T36 | 3222-3369 | Sentence | denotes | Our 11-years-old patient noticed all these differences between them, but at her level of mental development was not able to cope with this problem. |
T37 | 3370-3406 | Sentence | denotes | She wanted to be her sister's equal. |
T38 | 3407-3560 | Sentence | denotes | The sister is drawn in the picture in the third place next to father, while the patient's own figure was drawn larger and slim even though she was obese. |
T39 | 3561-3625 | Sentence | denotes | Notably, all three female figures had very nice long brown hair. |
T40 | 3626-3749 | Sentence | denotes | It seemed that the mother and our patient had better quality of hair and more intense color than the sister in the drawing. |
T41 | 3750-3805 | Sentence | denotes | The only hairless person in the picture was the father. |
T42 | 3806-3876 | Sentence | denotes | The girl did not want to talk about her problems and feelings at home. |
T43 | 3877-3968 | Sentence | denotes | Then it was confirmed that our patient was very sensitive, anxious, willful, and withdrawn. |
T44 | 3969-4047 | Sentence | denotes | She was interested in her body and very perceptive of her physical appearance. |
T45 | 4048-4190 | Sentence | denotes | From the psychological point of view, the parents started to pay more interest to their younger daughter and tried to understand and help her. |
T46 | 4191-4476 | Sentence | denotes | After consultation with the psychiatrist, we did not start psychopharmacologic therapy for trichotillomania; instead, we started treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, mild shampoo, mild topical steroids (e.g. hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%) in solution and methionine in capsules. |
T47 | 4477-4533 | Sentence | denotes | With parents' cooperation, the treatment was successful. |
T48 | 4534-4703 | Sentence | denotes | The name trichotillomania was first employed by the French dermatologist Francois Henri Hallopeau in 1889, who described a young man pulling his hair out in tufts (3-5). |
T49 | 4704-4796 | Sentence | denotes | The word is derived from the Greek thrix (hair), tillein (to pull), and mania (madness) (5). |
T50 | 4797-4965 | Sentence | denotes | The prevalence of TTM in the general adult population ranges from 0.6% to 4%, and 2-4% of the general psychiatric outpatient population meet the criteria for TTM (2-5). |
T51 | 4966-5051 | Sentence | denotes | The prevalence among children and adolescents has been estimated at less than 1% (5). |
T52 | 5052-5100 | Sentence | denotes | The disease can occur at any age and in any sex. |
T53 | 5101-5184 | Sentence | denotes | The age of onset of hair pulling is significantly later for men than for women (3). |
T54 | 5185-5280 | Sentence | denotes | There are three subsets of age: preschool children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults. |
T55 | 5281-5319 | Sentence | denotes | The mean age of onset is pre-pubertal. |
T56 | 5320-5379 | Sentence | denotes | It ranges from 8 to 13 years (on average 11.3 years) (2-5). |
T57 | 5380-5491 | Sentence | denotes | The occurrence of hair-pulling in the first year of life is a rare event, probably comprising <1% of cases (5). |
T58 | 5492-5780 | Sentence | denotes | The etiology of TTM is complex and may be triggered by a psychosocial stressor within the family, such as separation from an attachment figure, hospitalization of the child or parent, birth of a younger sibling, sibling rivalry, moving to a new house, or problems with school performance. |
T59 | 5781-5923 | Sentence | denotes | It has been hypothesized that the habit may begin with "playing" with the hair, with later chronic pulling resulting in obvious hair loss (2). |
T60 | 5924-6028 | Sentence | denotes | Environment is a factor because children usually pull their hair when alone and in relaxed surroundings. |
T61 | 6029-6115 | Sentence | denotes | The bedroom, bathroom, or family room are "high-risk" situations for hair-pulling (5). |
T62 | 6116-6283 | Sentence | denotes | Men and women also differed in terms of the hair pulling site (men pull hair from the stomach/back and the moustache/beard areas, while women pull from the scalp) (3). |
T63 | 6284-6429 | Sentence | denotes | Pulling hair from siblings, pets, dolls, and stuffed animals has also been documented, often occurring in the same pattern as in the patient (5). |
T64 | 6430-6581 | Sentence | denotes | Genetic factors contributing to the development of TTM are mutations of the SLITRK1 gene, which plays a role in cortex development and neuronal growth. |
T65 | 6582-6693 | Sentence | denotes | The protein SAPAP3 has been present in 4.2% of TTM cases and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). |
T66 | 6694-6755 | Sentence | denotes | It may be involved in the development of the spectrum of OCD. |
T67 | 6756-6891 | Sentence | denotes | A significantly different concordance rate for TTM was found in monozygotic (38.1%) compared with dizygotic (0%) twins in 34 pairs (3). |
T68 | 6892-6999 | Sentence | denotes | The core diagnostic feature is the repetitive pulling of hairs from one`s own body, resulting in hair loss. |
T69 | 7000-7146 | Sentence | denotes | The targeted hair is mostly on the scalp (75%), but may also be from the eyebrows (42%), eyelashes (53%), beard (10%), and pubic area (17%) (3,5). |
T70 | 7147-7226 | Sentence | denotes | There are three subtypes of hair pulling - early onset, automatic, and focused. |
T71 | 7227-7296 | Sentence | denotes | Diagnostic criteria for TTM according to DSM-IV criteria are (2,3,5): |
T72 | 7297-7842 | Sentence | denotes | 1) recurrent pulling of one`s hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; 2) an increasing sense of tension immediately prior to pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior; 3) pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair; 4) the disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due to a general medical condition (e.g., a dermatologic condition); 5) the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. |
T73 | 7843-8068 | Sentence | denotes | The differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata (Table 1) (6), tinea capitis, telogen effluvium, secondary syphilis, traction alopecia, loose anagen syndrome, lichen planopilaris, alopecia mucinosa, and scleroderma (2-5). |
T74 | 8069-8176 | Sentence | denotes | Biopsy of an involved area (ideally from a recent site of hair loss) can help to confirm the diagnosis (5). |
T75 | 8177-8304 | Sentence | denotes | On histologic examination, there are typically increased numbers of catagen and telogen hairs without evidence of inflammation. |
T76 | 8305-8388 | Sentence | denotes | Chronic hair pulling induces a catagen phase, and more hairs will be telogen hairs. |
T77 | 8389-8445 | Sentence | denotes | Pigment casts and empty anagen follicles are often seen. |
T78 | 8446-8518 | Sentence | denotes | Perifollicular hemorrhage near the hair bulb is an indicator of TTM (2). |
T79 | 8519-8680 | Sentence | denotes | Complications of TTM are rare, but they comprise secondary bacterial infections with regional lymphadenopathy as a result of picking and scratching at the scalp. |
T80 | 8681-8787 | Sentence | denotes | Many patients play with and ingest the pulled hairs (e.g. touching the hair to lips, biting, and chewing). |
T81 | 8788-8903 | Sentence | denotes | Trichophagia (ingestion of the hair) can lead to a rare complication named trichobezoar (a "hair ball" in stomach). |
T82 | 8904-9008 | Sentence | denotes | This habit is present in approximately 5% to 30% of adult patients, but it is less frequent in children. |
T83 | 9009-9100 | Sentence | denotes | Patient with trichophagia present with pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. |
T84 | 9101-9170 | Sentence | denotes | Radiologic examination and gastroscopy should not be delayed (2,4,5). |
T85 | 9171-9290 | Sentence | denotes | The management of the disease is difficult and requires strong cooperation between the physician, patient, and parents. |
T86 | 9291-9483 | Sentence | denotes | The dermatologist cannot take part in the therapy, strictly speaking, but without the psychological, psychopharmacologic, and topic dermatologic treatment a vicious circle will be perpetuated. |
sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
TextSentencer_T1 | 0-17 | Sentence | denotes | Trichotillomania: |
TextSentencer_T2 | 18-66 | Sentence | denotes | Bizzare Patern of Hair Loss at 11-Year-old Girl. |
TextSentencer_T3 | 67-245 | Sentence | denotes | Trichotillomania (TTM) is defined by the Diagnostics and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DMS-IV) as hair loss from a patient`s repetitive self-pulling of hair. |
TextSentencer_T4 | 246-348 | Sentence | denotes | The disorder is included under anxiety disorders because it shares some obsessive-compulsive features. |
TextSentencer_T5 | 349-462 | Sentence | denotes | Patients have the tendency towards feelings of unattractiveness, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem (1,2). |
TextSentencer_T6 | 463-568 | Sentence | denotes | It is a major psychiatric problem, but many patients with this disorder first present to a dermatologist. |
TextSentencer_T7 | 569-714 | Sentence | denotes | An 11-year-old girl came to our department with a 2-month history of diffuse hair loss on the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area (Figure 1). |
TextSentencer_T8 | 715-804 | Sentence | denotes | She had originally been examined by a pediatrician with the diagnosis of alopecia areata. |
TextSentencer_T9 | 805-927 | Sentence | denotes | The patient`s personal history included hay fever and shortsightedness, and she suffered from varicella and mononucleosis. |
TextSentencer_T10 | 928-1063 | Sentence | denotes | Nobody in the family history suffered from alopecia areata, but her father has male androgenetic alopecia (Norwood/Hamilton MAGA C3F3). |
TextSentencer_T11 | 1064-1206 | Sentence | denotes | The mother noticed that the child had had changeable mood for about 2 months and did not want to communicate with other persons in the family. |
TextSentencer_T12 | 1207-1247 | Sentence | denotes | The family did not have any pet at home. |
TextSentencer_T13 | 1248-1312 | Sentence | denotes | At school, her favorite subjects were Math and Computer Studies. |
TextSentencer_T14 | 1313-1418 | Sentence | denotes | She did not like Physical Education and did not participate in any sport activities during her free time. |
TextSentencer_T15 | 1419-1493 | Sentence | denotes | This was very strange because she was obese (body-mass index (BMI) 24.69). |
TextSentencer_T16 | 1494-1579 | Sentence | denotes | She was sometimes angry with her 13-year-old sister who had better results at school. |
TextSentencer_T17 | 1580-1631 | Sentence | denotes | The girl had suddenly started to wear a blue scarf. |
TextSentencer_T18 | 1632-1696 | Sentence | denotes | The parents did not notice that she pulled out her hair at home. |
TextSentencer_T19 | 1697-1875 | Sentence | denotes | Dermatological examination of the capillitium found a zone of incomplete alopecia in the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area, without inflammation, desquamation, and scaring. |
TextSentencer_T20 | 1876-1917 | Sentence | denotes | Hairs were of variable length (Figure 1). |
TextSentencer_T21 | 1918-2036 | Sentence | denotes | There was a patch of incomplete alopecia above the forehead between two stripes of hair of variable length (Figure 2). |
TextSentencer_T22 | 2037-2101 | Sentence | denotes | The hair pull test was negative along the edges of the alopecia. |
TextSentencer_T23 | 2102-2165 | Sentence | denotes | Mycological examination from the skin capillitium was negative. |
TextSentencer_T24 | 2166-2285 | Sentence | denotes | The trichoscopy and skin biopsy of the parietotemporal region of the capillitium (Figure 3) confirmed trichotillomania. |
TextSentencer_T25 | 2286-2441 | Sentence | denotes | Laboratory tests (blood count, iron, ferritin, transferrin, selenium, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, serology and hormones of thyroid gland) were negative. |
TextSentencer_T26 | 2442-2512 | Sentence | denotes | We referred the girl for ophthalmologic and psychological examination. |
TextSentencer_T27 | 2513-2595 | Sentence | denotes | Ophthalmologic examination proved that there was no need to add any more diopters. |
TextSentencer_T28 | 2596-2693 | Sentence | denotes | The psychological examination provided us with a picture in which she drew her family (Figure 4). |
TextSentencer_T29 | 2694-2802 | Sentence | denotes | The strongest authority in the family was the mother because she looked after the girls for most of the day. |
TextSentencer_T30 | 2803-2845 | Sentence | denotes | She was in the first place in the picture. |
TextSentencer_T31 | 2846-2919 | Sentence | denotes | The father had longer working hours and spent more time outside the home. |
TextSentencer_T32 | 2920-2955 | Sentence | denotes | He worked as a long vehicle driver. |
TextSentencer_T33 | 2956-2998 | Sentence | denotes | He was in the second place in the picture. |
TextSentencer_T34 | 2999-3121 | Sentence | denotes | There was sibling rivalry between the girls, but the parents did not notice this problem and preferred the older daughter. |
TextSentencer_T35 | 3122-3221 | Sentence | denotes | She was successful at school and was prettier (slim, higher, curly brown hair, without spectacles). |
TextSentencer_T36 | 3222-3369 | Sentence | denotes | Our 11-years-old patient noticed all these differences between them, but at her level of mental development was not able to cope with this problem. |
TextSentencer_T37 | 3370-3406 | Sentence | denotes | She wanted to be her sister's equal. |
TextSentencer_T38 | 3407-3560 | Sentence | denotes | The sister is drawn in the picture in the third place next to father, while the patient's own figure was drawn larger and slim even though she was obese. |
TextSentencer_T39 | 3561-3625 | Sentence | denotes | Notably, all three female figures had very nice long brown hair. |
TextSentencer_T40 | 3626-3749 | Sentence | denotes | It seemed that the mother and our patient had better quality of hair and more intense color than the sister in the drawing. |
TextSentencer_T41 | 3750-3805 | Sentence | denotes | The only hairless person in the picture was the father. |
TextSentencer_T42 | 3806-3876 | Sentence | denotes | The girl did not want to talk about her problems and feelings at home. |
TextSentencer_T43 | 3877-3968 | Sentence | denotes | Then it was confirmed that our patient was very sensitive, anxious, willful, and withdrawn. |
TextSentencer_T44 | 3969-4047 | Sentence | denotes | She was interested in her body and very perceptive of her physical appearance. |
TextSentencer_T45 | 4048-4190 | Sentence | denotes | From the psychological point of view, the parents started to pay more interest to their younger daughter and tried to understand and help her. |
TextSentencer_T46 | 4191-4476 | Sentence | denotes | After consultation with the psychiatrist, we did not start psychopharmacologic therapy for trichotillomania; instead, we started treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, mild shampoo, mild topical steroids (e.g. hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%) in solution and methionine in capsules. |
TextSentencer_T47 | 4477-4533 | Sentence | denotes | With parents' cooperation, the treatment was successful. |
TextSentencer_T48 | 4534-4703 | Sentence | denotes | The name trichotillomania was first employed by the French dermatologist Francois Henri Hallopeau in 1889, who described a young man pulling his hair out in tufts (3-5). |
TextSentencer_T49 | 4704-4796 | Sentence | denotes | The word is derived from the Greek thrix (hair), tillein (to pull), and mania (madness) (5). |
TextSentencer_T50 | 4797-4965 | Sentence | denotes | The prevalence of TTM in the general adult population ranges from 0.6% to 4%, and 2-4% of the general psychiatric outpatient population meet the criteria for TTM (2-5). |
TextSentencer_T51 | 4966-5051 | Sentence | denotes | The prevalence among children and adolescents has been estimated at less than 1% (5). |
TextSentencer_T52 | 5052-5100 | Sentence | denotes | The disease can occur at any age and in any sex. |
TextSentencer_T53 | 5101-5184 | Sentence | denotes | The age of onset of hair pulling is significantly later for men than for women (3). |
TextSentencer_T54 | 5185-5280 | Sentence | denotes | There are three subsets of age: preschool children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults. |
TextSentencer_T55 | 5281-5319 | Sentence | denotes | The mean age of onset is pre-pubertal. |
TextSentencer_T56 | 5320-5379 | Sentence | denotes | It ranges from 8 to 13 years (on average 11.3 years) (2-5). |
TextSentencer_T57 | 5380-5491 | Sentence | denotes | The occurrence of hair-pulling in the first year of life is a rare event, probably comprising <1% of cases (5). |
TextSentencer_T58 | 5492-5780 | Sentence | denotes | The etiology of TTM is complex and may be triggered by a psychosocial stressor within the family, such as separation from an attachment figure, hospitalization of the child or parent, birth of a younger sibling, sibling rivalry, moving to a new house, or problems with school performance. |
TextSentencer_T59 | 5781-5923 | Sentence | denotes | It has been hypothesized that the habit may begin with "playing" with the hair, with later chronic pulling resulting in obvious hair loss (2). |
TextSentencer_T60 | 5924-6028 | Sentence | denotes | Environment is a factor because children usually pull their hair when alone and in relaxed surroundings. |
TextSentencer_T61 | 6029-6115 | Sentence | denotes | The bedroom, bathroom, or family room are "high-risk" situations for hair-pulling (5). |
TextSentencer_T62 | 6116-6283 | Sentence | denotes | Men and women also differed in terms of the hair pulling site (men pull hair from the stomach/back and the moustache/beard areas, while women pull from the scalp) (3). |
TextSentencer_T63 | 6284-6429 | Sentence | denotes | Pulling hair from siblings, pets, dolls, and stuffed animals has also been documented, often occurring in the same pattern as in the patient (5). |
TextSentencer_T64 | 6430-6581 | Sentence | denotes | Genetic factors contributing to the development of TTM are mutations of the SLITRK1 gene, which plays a role in cortex development and neuronal growth. |
TextSentencer_T65 | 6582-6693 | Sentence | denotes | The protein SAPAP3 has been present in 4.2% of TTM cases and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). |
TextSentencer_T66 | 6694-6755 | Sentence | denotes | It may be involved in the development of the spectrum of OCD. |
TextSentencer_T67 | 6756-6891 | Sentence | denotes | A significantly different concordance rate for TTM was found in monozygotic (38.1%) compared with dizygotic (0%) twins in 34 pairs (3). |
TextSentencer_T68 | 6892-6999 | Sentence | denotes | The core diagnostic feature is the repetitive pulling of hairs from one`s own body, resulting in hair loss. |
TextSentencer_T69 | 7000-7146 | Sentence | denotes | The targeted hair is mostly on the scalp (75%), but may also be from the eyebrows (42%), eyelashes (53%), beard (10%), and pubic area (17%) (3,5). |
TextSentencer_T70 | 7147-7226 | Sentence | denotes | There are three subtypes of hair pulling - early onset, automatic, and focused. |
TextSentencer_T71 | 7227-7296 | Sentence | denotes | Diagnostic criteria for TTM according to DSM-IV criteria are (2,3,5): |
TextSentencer_T72 | 7297-7842 | Sentence | denotes | 1) recurrent pulling of one`s hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; 2) an increasing sense of tension immediately prior to pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior; 3) pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair; 4) the disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due to a general medical condition (e.g., a dermatologic condition); 5) the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. |
TextSentencer_T73 | 7843-8068 | Sentence | denotes | The differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata (Table 1) (6), tinea capitis, telogen effluvium, secondary syphilis, traction alopecia, loose anagen syndrome, lichen planopilaris, alopecia mucinosa, and scleroderma (2-5). |
TextSentencer_T74 | 8069-8176 | Sentence | denotes | Biopsy of an involved area (ideally from a recent site of hair loss) can help to confirm the diagnosis (5). |
TextSentencer_T75 | 8177-8304 | Sentence | denotes | On histologic examination, there are typically increased numbers of catagen and telogen hairs without evidence of inflammation. |
TextSentencer_T76 | 8305-8388 | Sentence | denotes | Chronic hair pulling induces a catagen phase, and more hairs will be telogen hairs. |
TextSentencer_T77 | 8389-8445 | Sentence | denotes | Pigment casts and empty anagen follicles are often seen. |
TextSentencer_T78 | 8446-8518 | Sentence | denotes | Perifollicular hemorrhage near the hair bulb is an indicator of TTM (2). |
TextSentencer_T79 | 8519-8680 | Sentence | denotes | Complications of TTM are rare, but they comprise secondary bacterial infections with regional lymphadenopathy as a result of picking and scratching at the scalp. |
TextSentencer_T80 | 8681-8787 | Sentence | denotes | Many patients play with and ingest the pulled hairs (e.g. touching the hair to lips, biting, and chewing). |
TextSentencer_T81 | 8788-8903 | Sentence | denotes | Trichophagia (ingestion of the hair) can lead to a rare complication named trichobezoar (a "hair ball" in stomach). |
TextSentencer_T82 | 8904-9008 | Sentence | denotes | This habit is present in approximately 5% to 30% of adult patients, but it is less frequent in children. |
TextSentencer_T83 | 9009-9100 | Sentence | denotes | Patient with trichophagia present with pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. |
TextSentencer_T84 | 9101-9170 | Sentence | denotes | Radiologic examination and gastroscopy should not be delayed (2,4,5). |
TextSentencer_T85 | 9171-9290 | Sentence | denotes | The management of the disease is difficult and requires strong cooperation between the physician, patient, and parents. |
TextSentencer_T86 | 9291-9483 | Sentence | denotes | The dermatologist cannot take part in the therapy, strictly speaking, but without the psychological, psychopharmacologic, and topic dermatologic treatment a vicious circle will be perpetuated. |
T1 | 0-17 | Sentence | denotes | Trichotillomania: |
T2 | 18-66 | Sentence | denotes | Bizzare Patern of Hair Loss at 11-Year-old Girl. |
T3 | 67-245 | Sentence | denotes | Trichotillomania (TTM) is defined by the Diagnostics and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DMS-IV) as hair loss from a patient`s repetitive self-pulling of hair. |
T4 | 246-348 | Sentence | denotes | The disorder is included under anxiety disorders because it shares some obsessive-compulsive features. |
T5 | 349-462 | Sentence | denotes | Patients have the tendency towards feelings of unattractiveness, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem (1,2). |
T6 | 463-568 | Sentence | denotes | It is a major psychiatric problem, but many patients with this disorder first present to a dermatologist. |
T7 | 569-714 | Sentence | denotes | An 11-year-old girl came to our department with a 2-month history of diffuse hair loss on the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area (Figure 1). |
T8 | 715-804 | Sentence | denotes | She had originally been examined by a pediatrician with the diagnosis of alopecia areata. |
T9 | 805-927 | Sentence | denotes | The patient`s personal history included hay fever and shortsightedness, and she suffered from varicella and mononucleosis. |
T10 | 928-1063 | Sentence | denotes | Nobody in the family history suffered from alopecia areata, but her father has male androgenetic alopecia (Norwood/Hamilton MAGA C3F3). |
T11 | 1064-1206 | Sentence | denotes | The mother noticed that the child had had changeable mood for about 2 months and did not want to communicate with other persons in the family. |
T12 | 1207-1247 | Sentence | denotes | The family did not have any pet at home. |
T13 | 1248-1312 | Sentence | denotes | At school, her favorite subjects were Math and Computer Studies. |
T14 | 1313-1418 | Sentence | denotes | She did not like Physical Education and did not participate in any sport activities during her free time. |
T15 | 1419-1493 | Sentence | denotes | This was very strange because she was obese (body-mass index (BMI) 24.69). |
T16 | 1494-1579 | Sentence | denotes | She was sometimes angry with her 13-year-old sister who had better results at school. |
T17 | 1580-1631 | Sentence | denotes | The girl had suddenly started to wear a blue scarf. |
T18 | 1632-1696 | Sentence | denotes | The parents did not notice that she pulled out her hair at home. |
T19 | 1697-1875 | Sentence | denotes | Dermatological examination of the capillitium found a zone of incomplete alopecia in the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area, without inflammation, desquamation, and scaring. |
T20 | 1876-1917 | Sentence | denotes | Hairs were of variable length (Figure 1). |
T21 | 1918-2036 | Sentence | denotes | There was a patch of incomplete alopecia above the forehead between two stripes of hair of variable length (Figure 2). |
T22 | 2037-2101 | Sentence | denotes | The hair pull test was negative along the edges of the alopecia. |
T23 | 2102-2165 | Sentence | denotes | Mycological examination from the skin capillitium was negative. |
T24 | 2166-2285 | Sentence | denotes | The trichoscopy and skin biopsy of the parietotemporal region of the capillitium (Figure 3) confirmed trichotillomania. |
T25 | 2286-2441 | Sentence | denotes | Laboratory tests (blood count, iron, ferritin, transferrin, selenium, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, serology and hormones of thyroid gland) were negative. |
T26 | 2442-2512 | Sentence | denotes | We referred the girl for ophthalmologic and psychological examination. |
T27 | 2513-2595 | Sentence | denotes | Ophthalmologic examination proved that there was no need to add any more diopters. |
T28 | 2596-2693 | Sentence | denotes | The psychological examination provided us with a picture in which she drew her family (Figure 4). |
T29 | 2694-2802 | Sentence | denotes | The strongest authority in the family was the mother because she looked after the girls for most of the day. |
T30 | 2803-2845 | Sentence | denotes | She was in the first place in the picture. |
T31 | 2846-2919 | Sentence | denotes | The father had longer working hours and spent more time outside the home. |
T32 | 2920-2955 | Sentence | denotes | He worked as a long vehicle driver. |
T33 | 2956-2998 | Sentence | denotes | He was in the second place in the picture. |
T34 | 2999-3121 | Sentence | denotes | There was sibling rivalry between the girls, but the parents did not notice this problem and preferred the older daughter. |
T35 | 3122-3221 | Sentence | denotes | She was successful at school and was prettier (slim, higher, curly brown hair, without spectacles). |
T36 | 3222-3369 | Sentence | denotes | Our 11-years-old patient noticed all these differences between them, but at her level of mental development was not able to cope with this problem. |
T37 | 3370-3406 | Sentence | denotes | She wanted to be her sister's equal. |
T38 | 3407-3560 | Sentence | denotes | The sister is drawn in the picture in the third place next to father, while the patient's own figure was drawn larger and slim even though she was obese. |
T39 | 3561-3625 | Sentence | denotes | Notably, all three female figures had very nice long brown hair. |
T40 | 3626-3749 | Sentence | denotes | It seemed that the mother and our patient had better quality of hair and more intense color than the sister in the drawing. |
T41 | 3750-3805 | Sentence | denotes | The only hairless person in the picture was the father. |
T42 | 3806-3876 | Sentence | denotes | The girl did not want to talk about her problems and feelings at home. |
T43 | 3877-3968 | Sentence | denotes | Then it was confirmed that our patient was very sensitive, anxious, willful, and withdrawn. |
T44 | 3969-4047 | Sentence | denotes | She was interested in her body and very perceptive of her physical appearance. |
T45 | 4048-4190 | Sentence | denotes | From the psychological point of view, the parents started to pay more interest to their younger daughter and tried to understand and help her. |
T46 | 4191-4476 | Sentence | denotes | After consultation with the psychiatrist, we did not start psychopharmacologic therapy for trichotillomania; instead, we started treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, mild shampoo, mild topical steroids (e.g. hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%) in solution and methionine in capsules. |
T47 | 4477-4533 | Sentence | denotes | With parents' cooperation, the treatment was successful. |
T48 | 4534-4703 | Sentence | denotes | The name trichotillomania was first employed by the French dermatologist Francois Henri Hallopeau in 1889, who described a young man pulling his hair out in tufts (3-5). |
T49 | 4704-4796 | Sentence | denotes | The word is derived from the Greek thrix (hair), tillein (to pull), and mania (madness) (5). |
T50 | 4797-4965 | Sentence | denotes | The prevalence of TTM in the general adult population ranges from 0.6% to 4%, and 2-4% of the general psychiatric outpatient population meet the criteria for TTM (2-5). |
T51 | 4966-5051 | Sentence | denotes | The prevalence among children and adolescents has been estimated at less than 1% (5). |
T52 | 5052-5100 | Sentence | denotes | The disease can occur at any age and in any sex. |
T53 | 5101-5184 | Sentence | denotes | The age of onset of hair pulling is significantly later for men than for women (3). |
T54 | 5185-5280 | Sentence | denotes | There are three subsets of age: preschool children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults. |
T55 | 5281-5319 | Sentence | denotes | The mean age of onset is pre-pubertal. |
T56 | 5320-5379 | Sentence | denotes | It ranges from 8 to 13 years (on average 11.3 years) (2-5). |
T57 | 5380-5491 | Sentence | denotes | The occurrence of hair-pulling in the first year of life is a rare event, probably comprising <1% of cases (5). |
T58 | 5492-5780 | Sentence | denotes | The etiology of TTM is complex and may be triggered by a psychosocial stressor within the family, such as separation from an attachment figure, hospitalization of the child or parent, birth of a younger sibling, sibling rivalry, moving to a new house, or problems with school performance. |
T59 | 5781-5923 | Sentence | denotes | It has been hypothesized that the habit may begin with "playing" with the hair, with later chronic pulling resulting in obvious hair loss (2). |
T60 | 5924-6028 | Sentence | denotes | Environment is a factor because children usually pull their hair when alone and in relaxed surroundings. |
T61 | 6029-6115 | Sentence | denotes | The bedroom, bathroom, or family room are "high-risk" situations for hair-pulling (5). |
T62 | 6116-6283 | Sentence | denotes | Men and women also differed in terms of the hair pulling site (men pull hair from the stomach/back and the moustache/beard areas, while women pull from the scalp) (3). |
T63 | 6284-6429 | Sentence | denotes | Pulling hair from siblings, pets, dolls, and stuffed animals has also been documented, often occurring in the same pattern as in the patient (5). |
T64 | 6430-6581 | Sentence | denotes | Genetic factors contributing to the development of TTM are mutations of the SLITRK1 gene, which plays a role in cortex development and neuronal growth. |
T65 | 6582-6693 | Sentence | denotes | The protein SAPAP3 has been present in 4.2% of TTM cases and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). |
T66 | 6694-6755 | Sentence | denotes | It may be involved in the development of the spectrum of OCD. |
T67 | 6756-6891 | Sentence | denotes | A significantly different concordance rate for TTM was found in monozygotic (38.1%) compared with dizygotic (0%) twins in 34 pairs (3). |
T68 | 6892-6999 | Sentence | denotes | The core diagnostic feature is the repetitive pulling of hairs from one`s own body, resulting in hair loss. |
T69 | 7000-7146 | Sentence | denotes | The targeted hair is mostly on the scalp (75%), but may also be from the eyebrows (42%), eyelashes (53%), beard (10%), and pubic area (17%) (3,5). |
T70 | 7147-7226 | Sentence | denotes | There are three subtypes of hair pulling - early onset, automatic, and focused. |
T71 | 7227-7296 | Sentence | denotes | Diagnostic criteria for TTM according to DSM-IV criteria are (2,3,5): |
T72 | 7297-7842 | Sentence | denotes | 1) recurrent pulling of one`s hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; 2) an increasing sense of tension immediately prior to pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior; 3) pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair; 4) the disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due to a general medical condition (e.g., a dermatologic condition); 5) the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. |
T73 | 7843-8068 | Sentence | denotes | The differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata (Table 1) (6), tinea capitis, telogen effluvium, secondary syphilis, traction alopecia, loose anagen syndrome, lichen planopilaris, alopecia mucinosa, and scleroderma (2-5). |
T74 | 8069-8176 | Sentence | denotes | Biopsy of an involved area (ideally from a recent site of hair loss) can help to confirm the diagnosis (5). |
T75 | 8177-8304 | Sentence | denotes | On histologic examination, there are typically increased numbers of catagen and telogen hairs without evidence of inflammation. |
T76 | 8305-8388 | Sentence | denotes | Chronic hair pulling induces a catagen phase, and more hairs will be telogen hairs. |
T77 | 8389-8445 | Sentence | denotes | Pigment casts and empty anagen follicles are often seen. |
T78 | 8446-8518 | Sentence | denotes | Perifollicular hemorrhage near the hair bulb is an indicator of TTM (2). |
T79 | 8519-8680 | Sentence | denotes | Complications of TTM are rare, but they comprise secondary bacterial infections with regional lymphadenopathy as a result of picking and scratching at the scalp. |
T80 | 8681-8787 | Sentence | denotes | Many patients play with and ingest the pulled hairs (e.g. touching the hair to lips, biting, and chewing). |
T81 | 8788-8903 | Sentence | denotes | Trichophagia (ingestion of the hair) can lead to a rare complication named trichobezoar (a "hair ball" in stomach). |
T82 | 8904-9008 | Sentence | denotes | This habit is present in approximately 5% to 30% of adult patients, but it is less frequent in children. |
T83 | 9009-9100 | Sentence | denotes | Patient with trichophagia present with pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. |
T84 | 9101-9170 | Sentence | denotes | Radiologic examination and gastroscopy should not be delayed (2,4,5). |
T85 | 9171-9290 | Sentence | denotes | The management of the disease is difficult and requires strong cooperation between the physician, patient, and parents. |
T86 | 9291-9483 | Sentence | denotes | The dermatologist cannot take part in the therapy, strictly speaking, but without the psychological, psychopharmacologic, and topic dermatologic treatment a vicious circle will be perpetuated. |
UBERON-AE
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T1 | 1969-1977 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008200 | denotes | forehead |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T2 | 2304-2309 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T3 | 2412-2425 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002046 | denotes | thyroid gland |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T4 | 2420-2425 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002530 | denotes | gland |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T5 | 4467-4475 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003893 | denotes | capsules |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T6 | 6202-6209 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000945 | denotes | stomach |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T7 | 8894-8901 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000945 | denotes | stomach |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T8 | 6223-6232 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010169 | denotes | moustache |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T9 | 6233-6238 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010167 | denotes | beard |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T10 | 7106-7111 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010167 | denotes | beard |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T11 | 6272-6277 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000403 | denotes | scalp |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T12 | 7035-7040 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000403 | denotes | scalp |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T13 | 8674-8679 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000403 | denotes | scalp |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T14 | 6542-6548 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001851 | denotes | cortex |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T15 | 7073-7081 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010163 | denotes | eyebrows |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T16 | 7089-7098 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001702 | denotes | eyelashes |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T17 | 8760-8764 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001833 | denotes | lips |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T18 | 8885-8889 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000006 | denotes | ball |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T19 | 9064-9072 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000172 | denotes | vomiting |
PubCasesHPO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
AB1 | 277-284 | HP:0000739 | denotes | anxiety |
AB2 | 788-803 | HP:0002229 | denotes | alopecia areata |
AB3 | 849-854 | HP:0001945 | denotes | fever |
AB4 | 971-986 | HP:0002229 | denotes | alopecia areata |
AB5 | 1025-1033 | HP:0001596 | denotes | alopecia |
AB6 | 1770-1778 | HP:0001596 | denotes | alopecia |
AB7 | 1950-1958 | HP:0001596 | denotes | alopecia |
AB8 | 2041-2050 | HP:0012167 | denotes | hair pull |
AB9 | 2092-2100 | HP:0001596 | denotes | alopecia |
AB10 | 4776-4781 | HP:0100754 | denotes | mania |
AB11 | 5121-5133 | HP:0012167 | denotes | hair pulling |
AB12 | 5398-5410 | HP:0012167 | denotes | hair-pulling |
AB13 | 6098-6110 | HP:0012167 | denotes | hair-pulling |
AB14 | 6160-6172 | HP:0012167 | denotes | hair pulling |
AB15 | 7175-7187 | HP:0012167 | denotes | hair pulling |
AB16 | 7879-7894 | HP:0002229 | denotes | alopecia areata |
AB17 | 7925-7942 | HP:0025470 | denotes | telogen effluvium |
AB18 | 7973-7981 | HP:0001596 | denotes | alopecia |
AB19 | 8027-8035 | HP:0001596 | denotes | alopecia |
AB20 | 8050-8061 | HP:0100324 | denotes | scleroderma |
AB21 | 8313-8325 | HP:0012167 | denotes | hair pulling |
AB22 | 8613-8628 | HP:0002716 | denotes | lymphadenopathy |
AB23 | 9048-9054 | HP:0000980 | denotes | pallor |
AB24 | 9056-9062 | HP:0002018 | denotes | nausea |
AB25 | 9064-9072 | HP:0002013 | denotes | vomiting |
AB26 | 9074-9082 | HP:0002039 | denotes | anorexia |
AB27 | 9088-9099 | HP:0001824 | denotes | weight loss |
performance-test
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T1 | 2304-2309 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T2 | 1969-1977 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008200 | denotes | forehead |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T3 | 2412-2425 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002046 | denotes | thyroid gland |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T4 | 2420-2425 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002530 | denotes | gland |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T5 | 4467-4475 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003893 | denotes | capsules |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T6 | 6202-6209 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000945 | denotes | stomach |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T7 | 8894-8901 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000945 | denotes | stomach |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T8 | 6223-6232 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010169 | denotes | moustache |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T9 | 6233-6238 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010167 | denotes | beard |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T10 | 7106-7111 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010167 | denotes | beard |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T11 | 6272-6277 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000403 | denotes | scalp |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T12 | 7035-7040 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000403 | denotes | scalp |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T13 | 8674-8679 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000403 | denotes | scalp |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T14 | 6542-6548 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001851 | denotes | cortex |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T15 | 6565-6573 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000602 | denotes | neuronal |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T16 | 7073-7081 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010163 | denotes | eyebrows |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T17 | 7089-7098 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001702 | denotes | eyelashes |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T18 | 8760-8764 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001833 | denotes | lips |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T19 | 8885-8889 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000006 | denotes | ball |
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T20 | 9064-9072 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000172 | denotes | vomiting |
PubCasesORDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
AB1 | 7983-8004 | ORDO:168 | denotes | loose anagen syndrome |
AB2 | 8006-8025 | ORDO:525 | denotes | lichen planopilaris |