> top > docs > PubMed:27149138 > annotations

PubMed:27149138 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-68 Sentence denotes Generalized Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Ulcerative Colitis:
TextSentencer_T2 69-123 Sentence denotes Successful Treatment with Infliximab and Azathioprine.
TextSentencer_T3 124-255 Sentence denotes Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative skin disease, part of the spectrum of neutrophilic and auto-inflammatory dermatoses.
TextSentencer_T4 256-331 Sentence denotes Its pathogenesis is unknown, although immune pathways have been implicated.
TextSentencer_T5 332-393 Sentence denotes Lesion biopsies show a predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate.
TextSentencer_T6 394-595 Sentence denotes The incidence of PG is uncertain, but it is estimated to be 3-10 per million per year, occurring at any age but most commonly between 20 and 50 years with a possible slightly higher incidence in women.
TextSentencer_T7 596-679 Sentence denotes Approximately 50% of patients with PG also have another disease associated with PG.
TextSentencer_T8 680-782 Sentence denotes The most common is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's and ulcerative colitis (UC).
TextSentencer_T9 783-907 Sentence denotes Local treatment may be sufficient for mild cases, while for severe cases systemic immunosuppressants are the mainstay (1,2).
TextSentencer_T10 908-1017 Sentence denotes We report the case of a patient with bullous PG and UC successfully treated with infliximab and azathioprine.
TextSentencer_T11 1018-1239 Sentence denotes A 32-year-old male Caucasian patient presented with painful violaceous vesicles and enlarging bullae of various sizes and with acute onset, located on the trunk and bilaterally on both the lower and the upper extremities.
TextSentencer_T12 1240-1350 Sentence denotes Lesions on the trunk were composed of hemorrhagic pustules with a surrounding erythematous overhanging border.
TextSentencer_T13 1351-1433 Sentence denotes Some of the lesions had undergone central necrosis and ulceration (Figure 1, a-d).
TextSentencer_T14 1434-1631 Sentence denotes The patient reported of the lesions had appeared one week ago, simultaneously with the exacerbation of a known inflammatory bowel disease with hemorrhagic mucoid diarrhea and fever of up to 38.5°C.
TextSentencer_T15 1632-1881 Sentence denotes The patient's medical history included UC affecting the whole colon (pancolitis), diagnosed 5 months prior to the onset of the epidermal lesions, for which the patient was receiving treatment with oral prednisolone 10 mg/day and mesalazine granules.
TextSentencer_T16 1882-2018 Sentence denotes Blood tests showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and increased inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
TextSentencer_T17 2019-2264 Sentence denotes Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) andtibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA), perinuclear neutrophil antibodies (p-ANCA), antiphospholipid antibodies, and tumor markers were within normal limits.
TextSentencer_T18 2265-2371 Sentence denotes The patient was negative for cryoglobulins, viral hepatitis (B, C) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
TextSentencer_T19 2372-2401 Sentence denotes Blood cultures were negative.
TextSentencer_T20 2402-2475 Sentence denotes Microscopy and cultures for mycobacteria and fungi gave negative results.
TextSentencer_T21 2476-2528 Sentence denotes Stool samples tested negative for infections agents.
TextSentencer_T22 2529-2564 Sentence denotes The Mantoux skin test was negative.
TextSentencer_T23 2565-2698 Sentence denotes Colonoscopy showed severe pancolitis, and biopsies from the rectum and sigmoid colon were consistent with chronic ulcerative colitis.
TextSentencer_T24 2699-2790 Sentence denotes Abdominal ultrasound and chest and abdominal X-rays did not result in significant findings.
TextSentencer_T25 2791-2859 Sentence denotes Because of severe anemia, the patient received 2 blood transfusions.
TextSentencer_T26 2860-3017 Sentence denotes The histopathologic examination carried out on the erythematous border of a lesion on the lower leg showed a neutrophilic infiltrate, confined to the dermis.
TextSentencer_T27 3018-3089 Sentence denotes On the basis of clinical findings, the diagnosis of PG was established.
TextSentencer_T28 3090-3168 Sentence denotes Topical wound care consisted of local wound care and a topical corticosteroid.
TextSentencer_T29 3169-3314 Sentence denotes Systemic therapy was initiated with 40 mg/day methylprednisolone for 7 days, 30 mg/day for 7 days, then 25 mg/day, and then tapered down further.
TextSentencer_T30 3315-3422 Sentence denotes The patient received an infusion of infliximab 7.5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter.
TextSentencer_T31 3423-3498 Sentence denotes After week 2, oral azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg daily was added to the treatment.
TextSentencer_T32 3499-3588 Sentence denotes The patient also received mesalazine tablets (2 g ×2/day) and mesalazine enema (1-2/day).
TextSentencer_T33 3589-3676 Sentence denotes The patient showed good response to treatment, with clinical remission of skin lesions.
TextSentencer_T34 3677-3749 Sentence denotes Lesions healed with characteristic thin, atrophic scars (Figure 2, a-d).
TextSentencer_T35 3750-3891 Sentence denotes At 7-month follow-up the patient was continuing with infusions of infliximab 7.5 mg/kg and azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg and was still in remission.
TextSentencer_T36 3892-4010 Sentence denotes We reported our experience with a case of generalized bullous pyoderma gangrenosum associated with ulcerative colitis.
TextSentencer_T37 4011-4057 Sentence denotes Generalized pyoderma gangrenosum is very rare.
TextSentencer_T38 4058-4137 Sentence denotes Bullous or atypical PG was first described by Perry and Winklemann in 1972 (1).
TextSentencer_T39 4138-4261 Sentence denotes Brunsting et al. coined the term pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) to describe a series of patients with recurrent ulcerations (3).
TextSentencer_T40 4262-4305 Sentence denotes The incidence of this disease is uncertain.
TextSentencer_T41 4306-4386 Sentence denotes Its pathogenesis is unknown, but an immunological background has been suggested.
TextSentencer_T42 4387-4517 Sentence denotes In approximately 50% of patients, an underlying immunological disease is present, commonly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (4-6).
TextSentencer_T43 4518-4606 Sentence denotes In larger series of patients with PG, approximately 50% present with a primary disorder.
TextSentencer_T44 4607-4654 Sentence denotes Ulcerative colitis is found in 10-15% of cases.
TextSentencer_T45 4655-4708 Sentence denotes Crohn's disease is associated with PG closed than UC.
TextSentencer_T46 4709-4776 Sentence denotes Less than 3% of patients with Crohn's disease or UC develop PG (6).
TextSentencer_T47 4777-4863 Sentence denotes PG is characterized by cutaneous ulcerations with mucopurulent or hemorrhagic exudate.
TextSentencer_T48 4864-4962 Sentence denotes It begins as an inflammatory pustule with a surrounding halo that enlarges and begins to ulcerate.
TextSentencer_T49 4963-5054 Sentence denotes These very painful ulcers present with undermined bluish borders with surrounding erythema.
TextSentencer_T50 5055-5146 Sentence denotes The lesions of PG most commonly occur on the legs, but they may occur anywhere on the body.
TextSentencer_T51 5147-5197 Sentence denotes The clinical picture of PG is very characteristic.
TextSentencer_T52 5198-5344 Sentence denotes Therefore the diagnosis of PG is based firstly on clinical signs and on the patient's history of underlying diseases and then supported by biopsy.
TextSentencer_T53 5345-5404 Sentence denotes PG has four distinctive clinical and histological variants.
TextSentencer_T54 5405-5517 Sentence denotes Some have morphological and histological features that overlap with other reactive neutrophilic skin conditions.
TextSentencer_T55 5518-5567 Sentence denotes There are no diagnostic serologic features (6,7).
TextSentencer_T56 5568-5679 Sentence denotes There is no evidence that the efficacy of treatment strategies for PG differs between IBD and non-IBD patients.
TextSentencer_T57 5680-5780 Sentence denotes For patients with a diffuse disease or rapidly progressive process, systemic treatment is essential.
TextSentencer_T58 5781-5828 Sentence denotes Immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment.
TextSentencer_T59 5829-5936 Sentence denotes Traditionally, the most commonly used drugs with the best clinical experience are systemic corticosteroids.
TextSentencer_T60 5937-6004 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids have been considered as first line treatment (6,8).
TextSentencer_T61 6005-6232 Sentence denotes As reported by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) in 2008, an evidence-based consensus on the management of special situations in patients with ulcerative colitis, systemic corticosteroids are recommended (9).
TextSentencer_T62 6233-6412 Sentence denotes Treatment with corticosteroids (e.g. prednisolone 1-2 mg per kg/day or pulse therapy with 1 g of methylprednisolone) aims to prevent progression and rapidly stop inflammation (6).
TextSentencer_T63 6413-6508 Sentence denotes Additional mesalamine and corticosteroids may be effective in patients with bowel disease (10).
TextSentencer_T64 6509-6659 Sentence denotes In recent years, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, such as infliximab and adalimumab, were reported to be effective for PG associated with IBD.
TextSentencer_T65 6660-6802 Sentence denotes These drugs block the biological activity of TNF-α, which effects regulatory T cells, restoring their capacity to inhibit cytokine production.
TextSentencer_T66 6803-6913 Sentence denotes The TNF-α inhibitors thus suppress the inflammatory processes that is involved in the pathogenesis of PG (11).
TextSentencer_T67 6914-7055 Sentence denotes Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, is given by infusion at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every 8 weeks, usually at a dosage of 5 mg/kg.
TextSentencer_T68 7056-7239 Sentence denotes UC of patients with frequent disease relapse or those that are resistant or dependent on corticosteroids is often treated with purine antimetabolites, such as azathioprine (AZA) (10).
TextSentencer_T69 7240-7337 Sentence denotes AZA, a purine antimetabolite (2.5 mg per kg/day) is administered for its steroid-sparing effects.
TextSentencer_T70 7338-7385 Sentence denotes The response occurs after 2 to 4 weeks (6, 10).
TextSentencer_T71 7386-7422 Sentence denotes Infliximab can be combined with AZA.
TextSentencer_T72 7423-7591 Sentence denotes Patients with UC treated with infliximab plus AZA were more likely to achieve corticosteroid-free remission at 16 weeks than those receiving either monotherapy (10,12).
T1 0-68 Sentence denotes Generalized Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Ulcerative Colitis:
T2 69-123 Sentence denotes Successful Treatment with Infliximab and Azathioprine.
T3 124-255 Sentence denotes Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative skin disease, part of the spectrum of neutrophilic and auto-inflammatory dermatoses.
T4 256-331 Sentence denotes Its pathogenesis is unknown, although immune pathways have been implicated.
T5 332-393 Sentence denotes Lesion biopsies show a predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate.
T6 394-595 Sentence denotes The incidence of PG is uncertain, but it is estimated to be 3-10 per million per year, occurring at any age but most commonly between 20 and 50 years with a possible slightly higher incidence in women.
T7 596-679 Sentence denotes Approximately 50% of patients with PG also have another disease associated with PG.
T8 680-782 Sentence denotes The most common is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's and ulcerative colitis (UC).
T9 783-907 Sentence denotes Local treatment may be sufficient for mild cases, while for severe cases systemic immunosuppressants are the mainstay (1,2).
T10 908-1017 Sentence denotes We report the case of a patient with bullous PG and UC successfully treated with infliximab and azathioprine.
T11 1018-1239 Sentence denotes A 32-year-old male Caucasian patient presented with painful violaceous vesicles and enlarging bullae of various sizes and with acute onset, located on the trunk and bilaterally on both the lower and the upper extremities.
T12 1240-1350 Sentence denotes Lesions on the trunk were composed of hemorrhagic pustules with a surrounding erythematous overhanging border.
T13 1351-1433 Sentence denotes Some of the lesions had undergone central necrosis and ulceration (Figure 1, a-d).
T14 1434-1631 Sentence denotes The patient reported of the lesions had appeared one week ago, simultaneously with the exacerbation of a known inflammatory bowel disease with hemorrhagic mucoid diarrhea and fever of up to 38.5°C.
T15 1632-1881 Sentence denotes The patient's medical history included UC affecting the whole colon (pancolitis), diagnosed 5 months prior to the onset of the epidermal lesions, for which the patient was receiving treatment with oral prednisolone 10 mg/day and mesalazine granules.
T16 1882-2018 Sentence denotes Blood tests showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and increased inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
T17 2019-2264 Sentence denotes Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) andtibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA), perinuclear neutrophil antibodies (p-ANCA), antiphospholipid antibodies, and tumor markers were within normal limits.
T18 2265-2371 Sentence denotes The patient was negative for cryoglobulins, viral hepatitis (B, C) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
T19 2372-2401 Sentence denotes Blood cultures were negative.
T20 2402-2475 Sentence denotes Microscopy and cultures for mycobacteria and fungi gave negative results.
T21 2476-2528 Sentence denotes Stool samples tested negative for infections agents.
T22 2529-2564 Sentence denotes The Mantoux skin test was negative.
T23 2565-2698 Sentence denotes Colonoscopy showed severe pancolitis, and biopsies from the rectum and sigmoid colon were consistent with chronic ulcerative colitis.
T24 2699-2790 Sentence denotes Abdominal ultrasound and chest and abdominal X-rays did not result in significant findings.
T25 2791-2859 Sentence denotes Because of severe anemia, the patient received 2 blood transfusions.
T26 2860-3017 Sentence denotes The histopathologic examination carried out on the erythematous border of a lesion on the lower leg showed a neutrophilic infiltrate, confined to the dermis.
T27 3018-3089 Sentence denotes On the basis of clinical findings, the diagnosis of PG was established.
T28 3090-3168 Sentence denotes Topical wound care consisted of local wound care and a topical corticosteroid.
T29 3169-3314 Sentence denotes Systemic therapy was initiated with 40 mg/day methylprednisolone for 7 days, 30 mg/day for 7 days, then 25 mg/day, and then tapered down further.
T30 3315-3422 Sentence denotes The patient received an infusion of infliximab 7.5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter.
T31 3423-3498 Sentence denotes After week 2, oral azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg daily was added to the treatment.
T32 3499-3588 Sentence denotes The patient also received mesalazine tablets (2 g ×2/day) and mesalazine enema (1-2/day).
T33 3589-3676 Sentence denotes The patient showed good response to treatment, with clinical remission of skin lesions.
T34 3677-3749 Sentence denotes Lesions healed with characteristic thin, atrophic scars (Figure 2, a-d).
T35 3750-3891 Sentence denotes At 7-month follow-up the patient was continuing with infusions of infliximab 7.5 mg/kg and azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg and was still in remission.
T36 3892-4010 Sentence denotes We reported our experience with a case of generalized bullous pyoderma gangrenosum associated with ulcerative colitis.
T37 4011-4057 Sentence denotes Generalized pyoderma gangrenosum is very rare.
T38 4058-4137 Sentence denotes Bullous or atypical PG was first described by Perry and Winklemann in 1972 (1).
T39 4138-4261 Sentence denotes Brunsting et al. coined the term pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) to describe a series of patients with recurrent ulcerations (3).
T40 4262-4305 Sentence denotes The incidence of this disease is uncertain.
T41 4306-4386 Sentence denotes Its pathogenesis is unknown, but an immunological background has been suggested.
T42 4387-4517 Sentence denotes In approximately 50% of patients, an underlying immunological disease is present, commonly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (4-6).
T43 4518-4606 Sentence denotes In larger series of patients with PG, approximately 50% present with a primary disorder.
T44 4607-4654 Sentence denotes Ulcerative colitis is found in 10-15% of cases.
T45 4655-4708 Sentence denotes Crohn's disease is associated with PG closed than UC.
T46 4709-4776 Sentence denotes Less than 3% of patients with Crohn's disease or UC develop PG (6).
T47 4777-4863 Sentence denotes PG is characterized by cutaneous ulcerations with mucopurulent or hemorrhagic exudate.
T48 4864-4962 Sentence denotes It begins as an inflammatory pustule with a surrounding halo that enlarges and begins to ulcerate.
T49 4963-5054 Sentence denotes These very painful ulcers present with undermined bluish borders with surrounding erythema.
T50 5055-5146 Sentence denotes The lesions of PG most commonly occur on the legs, but they may occur anywhere on the body.
T51 5147-5197 Sentence denotes The clinical picture of PG is very characteristic.
T52 5198-5344 Sentence denotes Therefore the diagnosis of PG is based firstly on clinical signs and on the patient's history of underlying diseases and then supported by biopsy.
T53 5345-5404 Sentence denotes PG has four distinctive clinical and histological variants.
T54 5405-5517 Sentence denotes Some have morphological and histological features that overlap with other reactive neutrophilic skin conditions.
T55 5518-5567 Sentence denotes There are no diagnostic serologic features (6,7).
T56 5568-5679 Sentence denotes There is no evidence that the efficacy of treatment strategies for PG differs between IBD and non-IBD patients.
T57 5680-5780 Sentence denotes For patients with a diffuse disease or rapidly progressive process, systemic treatment is essential.
T58 5781-5828 Sentence denotes Immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment.
T59 5829-5936 Sentence denotes Traditionally, the most commonly used drugs with the best clinical experience are systemic corticosteroids.
T60 5937-6004 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids have been considered as first line treatment (6,8).
T61 6005-6232 Sentence denotes As reported by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) in 2008, an evidence-based consensus on the management of special situations in patients with ulcerative colitis, systemic corticosteroids are recommended (9).
T62 6233-6412 Sentence denotes Treatment with corticosteroids (e.g. prednisolone 1-2 mg per kg/day or pulse therapy with 1 g of methylprednisolone) aims to prevent progression and rapidly stop inflammation (6).
T63 6413-6508 Sentence denotes Additional mesalamine and corticosteroids may be effective in patients with bowel disease (10).
T64 6509-6659 Sentence denotes In recent years, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, such as infliximab and adalimumab, were reported to be effective for PG associated with IBD.
T65 6660-6802 Sentence denotes These drugs block the biological activity of TNF-α, which effects regulatory T cells, restoring their capacity to inhibit cytokine production.
T66 6803-6913 Sentence denotes The TNF-α inhibitors thus suppress the inflammatory processes that is involved in the pathogenesis of PG (11).
T67 6914-7055 Sentence denotes Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, is given by infusion at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every 8 weeks, usually at a dosage of 5 mg/kg.
T68 7056-7239 Sentence denotes UC of patients with frequent disease relapse or those that are resistant or dependent on corticosteroids is often treated with purine antimetabolites, such as azathioprine (AZA) (10).
T69 7240-7337 Sentence denotes AZA, a purine antimetabolite (2.5 mg per kg/day) is administered for its steroid-sparing effects.
T70 7338-7385 Sentence denotes The response occurs after 2 to 4 weeks (6, 10).
T71 7386-7422 Sentence denotes Infliximab can be combined with AZA.
T72 7423-7591 Sentence denotes Patients with UC treated with infliximab plus AZA were more likely to achieve corticosteroid-free remission at 16 weeks than those receiving either monotherapy (10,12).

Inflammaging

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-68 Sentence denotes Generalized Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Ulcerative Colitis:
T2 69-123 Sentence denotes Successful Treatment with Infliximab and Azathioprine.
T3 124-255 Sentence denotes Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative skin disease, part of the spectrum of neutrophilic and auto-inflammatory dermatoses.
T4 256-331 Sentence denotes Its pathogenesis is unknown, although immune pathways have been implicated.
T5 332-393 Sentence denotes Lesion biopsies show a predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate.
T6 394-595 Sentence denotes The incidence of PG is uncertain, but it is estimated to be 3-10 per million per year, occurring at any age but most commonly between 20 and 50 years with a possible slightly higher incidence in women.
T7 596-679 Sentence denotes Approximately 50% of patients with PG also have another disease associated with PG.
T8 680-782 Sentence denotes The most common is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's and ulcerative colitis (UC).
T9 783-907 Sentence denotes Local treatment may be sufficient for mild cases, while for severe cases systemic immunosuppressants are the mainstay (1,2).
T10 908-1017 Sentence denotes We report the case of a patient with bullous PG and UC successfully treated with infliximab and azathioprine.
T11 1018-1239 Sentence denotes A 32-year-old male Caucasian patient presented with painful violaceous vesicles and enlarging bullae of various sizes and with acute onset, located on the trunk and bilaterally on both the lower and the upper extremities.
T12 1240-1350 Sentence denotes Lesions on the trunk were composed of hemorrhagic pustules with a surrounding erythematous overhanging border.
T13 1351-1433 Sentence denotes Some of the lesions had undergone central necrosis and ulceration (Figure 1, a-d).
T14 1434-1631 Sentence denotes The patient reported of the lesions had appeared one week ago, simultaneously with the exacerbation of a known inflammatory bowel disease with hemorrhagic mucoid diarrhea and fever of up to 38.5°C.
T15 1632-1881 Sentence denotes The patient's medical history included UC affecting the whole colon (pancolitis), diagnosed 5 months prior to the onset of the epidermal lesions, for which the patient was receiving treatment with oral prednisolone 10 mg/day and mesalazine granules.
T16 1882-2018 Sentence denotes Blood tests showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and increased inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
T17 2019-2264 Sentence denotes Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) andtibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA), perinuclear neutrophil antibodies (p-ANCA), antiphospholipid antibodies, and tumor markers were within normal limits.
T18 2265-2371 Sentence denotes The patient was negative for cryoglobulins, viral hepatitis (B, C) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
T19 2372-2401 Sentence denotes Blood cultures were negative.
T20 2402-2475 Sentence denotes Microscopy and cultures for mycobacteria and fungi gave negative results.
T21 2476-2528 Sentence denotes Stool samples tested negative for infections agents.
T22 2529-2564 Sentence denotes The Mantoux skin test was negative.
T23 2565-2698 Sentence denotes Colonoscopy showed severe pancolitis, and biopsies from the rectum and sigmoid colon were consistent with chronic ulcerative colitis.
T24 2699-2790 Sentence denotes Abdominal ultrasound and chest and abdominal X-rays did not result in significant findings.
T25 2791-2859 Sentence denotes Because of severe anemia, the patient received 2 blood transfusions.
T26 2860-3017 Sentence denotes The histopathologic examination carried out on the erythematous border of a lesion on the lower leg showed a neutrophilic infiltrate, confined to the dermis.
T27 3018-3089 Sentence denotes On the basis of clinical findings, the diagnosis of PG was established.
T28 3090-3168 Sentence denotes Topical wound care consisted of local wound care and a topical corticosteroid.
T29 3169-3314 Sentence denotes Systemic therapy was initiated with 40 mg/day methylprednisolone for 7 days, 30 mg/day for 7 days, then 25 mg/day, and then tapered down further.
T30 3315-3422 Sentence denotes The patient received an infusion of infliximab 7.5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter.
T31 3423-3498 Sentence denotes After week 2, oral azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg daily was added to the treatment.
T32 3499-3588 Sentence denotes The patient also received mesalazine tablets (2 g ×2/day) and mesalazine enema (1-2/day).
T33 3589-3676 Sentence denotes The patient showed good response to treatment, with clinical remission of skin lesions.
T34 3677-3749 Sentence denotes Lesions healed with characteristic thin, atrophic scars (Figure 2, a-d).
T35 3750-3891 Sentence denotes At 7-month follow-up the patient was continuing with infusions of infliximab 7.5 mg/kg and azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg and was still in remission.
T36 3892-4010 Sentence denotes We reported our experience with a case of generalized bullous pyoderma gangrenosum associated with ulcerative colitis.
T37 4011-4057 Sentence denotes Generalized pyoderma gangrenosum is very rare.
T38 4058-4137 Sentence denotes Bullous or atypical PG was first described by Perry and Winklemann in 1972 (1).
T39 4138-4261 Sentence denotes Brunsting et al. coined the term pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) to describe a series of patients with recurrent ulcerations (3).
T40 4262-4305 Sentence denotes The incidence of this disease is uncertain.
T41 4306-4386 Sentence denotes Its pathogenesis is unknown, but an immunological background has been suggested.
T42 4387-4517 Sentence denotes In approximately 50% of patients, an underlying immunological disease is present, commonly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (4-6).
T43 4518-4606 Sentence denotes In larger series of patients with PG, approximately 50% present with a primary disorder.
T44 4607-4654 Sentence denotes Ulcerative colitis is found in 10-15% of cases.
T45 4655-4708 Sentence denotes Crohn's disease is associated with PG closed than UC.
T46 4709-4776 Sentence denotes Less than 3% of patients with Crohn's disease or UC develop PG (6).
T47 4777-4863 Sentence denotes PG is characterized by cutaneous ulcerations with mucopurulent or hemorrhagic exudate.
T48 4864-4962 Sentence denotes It begins as an inflammatory pustule with a surrounding halo that enlarges and begins to ulcerate.
T49 4963-5054 Sentence denotes These very painful ulcers present with undermined bluish borders with surrounding erythema.
T50 5055-5146 Sentence denotes The lesions of PG most commonly occur on the legs, but they may occur anywhere on the body.
T51 5147-5197 Sentence denotes The clinical picture of PG is very characteristic.
T52 5198-5344 Sentence denotes Therefore the diagnosis of PG is based firstly on clinical signs and on the patient's history of underlying diseases and then supported by biopsy.
T53 5345-5404 Sentence denotes PG has four distinctive clinical and histological variants.
T54 5405-5517 Sentence denotes Some have morphological and histological features that overlap with other reactive neutrophilic skin conditions.
T55 5518-5567 Sentence denotes There are no diagnostic serologic features (6,7).
T56 5568-5679 Sentence denotes There is no evidence that the efficacy of treatment strategies for PG differs between IBD and non-IBD patients.
T57 5680-5780 Sentence denotes For patients with a diffuse disease or rapidly progressive process, systemic treatment is essential.
T58 5781-5828 Sentence denotes Immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment.
T59 5829-5936 Sentence denotes Traditionally, the most commonly used drugs with the best clinical experience are systemic corticosteroids.
T60 5937-6004 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids have been considered as first line treatment (6,8).
T61 6005-6232 Sentence denotes As reported by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) in 2008, an evidence-based consensus on the management of special situations in patients with ulcerative colitis, systemic corticosteroids are recommended (9).
T62 6233-6412 Sentence denotes Treatment with corticosteroids (e.g. prednisolone 1-2 mg per kg/day or pulse therapy with 1 g of methylprednisolone) aims to prevent progression and rapidly stop inflammation (6).
T63 6413-6508 Sentence denotes Additional mesalamine and corticosteroids may be effective in patients with bowel disease (10).
T64 6509-6659 Sentence denotes In recent years, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, such as infliximab and adalimumab, were reported to be effective for PG associated with IBD.
T65 6660-6802 Sentence denotes These drugs block the biological activity of TNF-α, which effects regulatory T cells, restoring their capacity to inhibit cytokine production.
T66 6803-6913 Sentence denotes The TNF-α inhibitors thus suppress the inflammatory processes that is involved in the pathogenesis of PG (11).
T67 6914-7055 Sentence denotes Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, is given by infusion at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every 8 weeks, usually at a dosage of 5 mg/kg.
T68 7056-7239 Sentence denotes UC of patients with frequent disease relapse or those that are resistant or dependent on corticosteroids is often treated with purine antimetabolites, such as azathioprine (AZA) (10).
T69 7240-7337 Sentence denotes AZA, a purine antimetabolite (2.5 mg per kg/day) is administered for its steroid-sparing effects.
T70 7338-7385 Sentence denotes The response occurs after 2 to 4 weeks (6, 10).
T71 7386-7422 Sentence denotes Infliximab can be combined with AZA.
T72 7423-7591 Sentence denotes Patients with UC treated with infliximab plus AZA were more likely to achieve corticosteroid-free remission at 16 weeks than those receiving either monotherapy (10,12).
T1 0-68 Sentence denotes Generalized Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Ulcerative Colitis:
T2 69-123 Sentence denotes Successful Treatment with Infliximab and Azathioprine.
T3 124-255 Sentence denotes Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative skin disease, part of the spectrum of neutrophilic and auto-inflammatory dermatoses.
T4 256-331 Sentence denotes Its pathogenesis is unknown, although immune pathways have been implicated.
T5 332-393 Sentence denotes Lesion biopsies show a predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate.
T6 394-595 Sentence denotes The incidence of PG is uncertain, but it is estimated to be 3-10 per million per year, occurring at any age but most commonly between 20 and 50 years with a possible slightly higher incidence in women.
T7 596-679 Sentence denotes Approximately 50% of patients with PG also have another disease associated with PG.
T8 680-782 Sentence denotes The most common is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's and ulcerative colitis (UC).
T9 783-907 Sentence denotes Local treatment may be sufficient for mild cases, while for severe cases systemic immunosuppressants are the mainstay (1,2).
T10 908-1017 Sentence denotes We report the case of a patient with bullous PG and UC successfully treated with infliximab and azathioprine.
T11 1018-1239 Sentence denotes A 32-year-old male Caucasian patient presented with painful violaceous vesicles and enlarging bullae of various sizes and with acute onset, located on the trunk and bilaterally on both the lower and the upper extremities.
T12 1240-1350 Sentence denotes Lesions on the trunk were composed of hemorrhagic pustules with a surrounding erythematous overhanging border.
T13 1351-1433 Sentence denotes Some of the lesions had undergone central necrosis and ulceration (Figure 1, a-d).
T14 1434-1631 Sentence denotes The patient reported of the lesions had appeared one week ago, simultaneously with the exacerbation of a known inflammatory bowel disease with hemorrhagic mucoid diarrhea and fever of up to 38.5°C.
T15 1632-1881 Sentence denotes The patient's medical history included UC affecting the whole colon (pancolitis), diagnosed 5 months prior to the onset of the epidermal lesions, for which the patient was receiving treatment with oral prednisolone 10 mg/day and mesalazine granules.
T16 1882-2018 Sentence denotes Blood tests showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and increased inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
T17 2019-2264 Sentence denotes Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) andtibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA), perinuclear neutrophil antibodies (p-ANCA), antiphospholipid antibodies, and tumor markers were within normal limits.
T18 2265-2371 Sentence denotes The patient was negative for cryoglobulins, viral hepatitis (B, C) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
T19 2372-2401 Sentence denotes Blood cultures were negative.
T20 2402-2475 Sentence denotes Microscopy and cultures for mycobacteria and fungi gave negative results.
T21 2476-2528 Sentence denotes Stool samples tested negative for infections agents.
T22 2529-2564 Sentence denotes The Mantoux skin test was negative.
T23 2565-2698 Sentence denotes Colonoscopy showed severe pancolitis, and biopsies from the rectum and sigmoid colon were consistent with chronic ulcerative colitis.
T24 2699-2790 Sentence denotes Abdominal ultrasound and chest and abdominal X-rays did not result in significant findings.
T25 2791-2859 Sentence denotes Because of severe anemia, the patient received 2 blood transfusions.
T26 2860-3017 Sentence denotes The histopathologic examination carried out on the erythematous border of a lesion on the lower leg showed a neutrophilic infiltrate, confined to the dermis.
T27 3018-3089 Sentence denotes On the basis of clinical findings, the diagnosis of PG was established.
T28 3090-3168 Sentence denotes Topical wound care consisted of local wound care and a topical corticosteroid.
T29 3169-3314 Sentence denotes Systemic therapy was initiated with 40 mg/day methylprednisolone for 7 days, 30 mg/day for 7 days, then 25 mg/day, and then tapered down further.
T30 3315-3422 Sentence denotes The patient received an infusion of infliximab 7.5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter.
T31 3423-3498 Sentence denotes After week 2, oral azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg daily was added to the treatment.
T32 3499-3588 Sentence denotes The patient also received mesalazine tablets (2 g ×2/day) and mesalazine enema (1-2/day).
T33 3589-3676 Sentence denotes The patient showed good response to treatment, with clinical remission of skin lesions.
T34 3677-3749 Sentence denotes Lesions healed with characteristic thin, atrophic scars (Figure 2, a-d).
T35 3750-3891 Sentence denotes At 7-month follow-up the patient was continuing with infusions of infliximab 7.5 mg/kg and azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg and was still in remission.
T36 3892-4010 Sentence denotes We reported our experience with a case of generalized bullous pyoderma gangrenosum associated with ulcerative colitis.
T37 4011-4057 Sentence denotes Generalized pyoderma gangrenosum is very rare.
T38 4058-4137 Sentence denotes Bullous or atypical PG was first described by Perry and Winklemann in 1972 (1).
T39 4138-4261 Sentence denotes Brunsting et al. coined the term pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) to describe a series of patients with recurrent ulcerations (3).
T40 4262-4305 Sentence denotes The incidence of this disease is uncertain.
T41 4306-4386 Sentence denotes Its pathogenesis is unknown, but an immunological background has been suggested.
T42 4387-4517 Sentence denotes In approximately 50% of patients, an underlying immunological disease is present, commonly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (4-6).
T43 4518-4606 Sentence denotes In larger series of patients with PG, approximately 50% present with a primary disorder.
T44 4607-4654 Sentence denotes Ulcerative colitis is found in 10-15% of cases.
T45 4655-4708 Sentence denotes Crohn's disease is associated with PG closed than UC.
T46 4709-4776 Sentence denotes Less than 3% of patients with Crohn's disease or UC develop PG (6).
T47 4777-4863 Sentence denotes PG is characterized by cutaneous ulcerations with mucopurulent or hemorrhagic exudate.
T48 4864-4962 Sentence denotes It begins as an inflammatory pustule with a surrounding halo that enlarges and begins to ulcerate.
T49 4963-5054 Sentence denotes These very painful ulcers present with undermined bluish borders with surrounding erythema.
T50 5055-5146 Sentence denotes The lesions of PG most commonly occur on the legs, but they may occur anywhere on the body.
T51 5147-5197 Sentence denotes The clinical picture of PG is very characteristic.
T52 5198-5344 Sentence denotes Therefore the diagnosis of PG is based firstly on clinical signs and on the patient's history of underlying diseases and then supported by biopsy.
T53 5345-5404 Sentence denotes PG has four distinctive clinical and histological variants.
T54 5405-5517 Sentence denotes Some have morphological and histological features that overlap with other reactive neutrophilic skin conditions.
T55 5518-5567 Sentence denotes There are no diagnostic serologic features (6,7).
T56 5568-5679 Sentence denotes There is no evidence that the efficacy of treatment strategies for PG differs between IBD and non-IBD patients.
T57 5680-5780 Sentence denotes For patients with a diffuse disease or rapidly progressive process, systemic treatment is essential.
T58 5781-5828 Sentence denotes Immunosuppression is the mainstay of treatment.
T59 5829-5936 Sentence denotes Traditionally, the most commonly used drugs with the best clinical experience are systemic corticosteroids.
T60 5937-6004 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids have been considered as first line treatment (6,8).
T61 6005-6232 Sentence denotes As reported by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) in 2008, an evidence-based consensus on the management of special situations in patients with ulcerative colitis, systemic corticosteroids are recommended (9).
T62 6233-6412 Sentence denotes Treatment with corticosteroids (e.g. prednisolone 1-2 mg per kg/day or pulse therapy with 1 g of methylprednisolone) aims to prevent progression and rapidly stop inflammation (6).
T63 6413-6508 Sentence denotes Additional mesalamine and corticosteroids may be effective in patients with bowel disease (10).
T64 6509-6659 Sentence denotes In recent years, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, such as infliximab and adalimumab, were reported to be effective for PG associated with IBD.
T65 6660-6802 Sentence denotes These drugs block the biological activity of TNF-α, which effects regulatory T cells, restoring their capacity to inhibit cytokine production.
T66 6803-6913 Sentence denotes The TNF-α inhibitors thus suppress the inflammatory processes that is involved in the pathogenesis of PG (11).
T67 6914-7055 Sentence denotes Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody, is given by infusion at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every 8 weeks, usually at a dosage of 5 mg/kg.
T68 7056-7239 Sentence denotes UC of patients with frequent disease relapse or those that are resistant or dependent on corticosteroids is often treated with purine antimetabolites, such as azathioprine (AZA) (10).
T69 7240-7337 Sentence denotes AZA, a purine antimetabolite (2.5 mg per kg/day) is administered for its steroid-sparing effects.
T70 7338-7385 Sentence denotes The response occurs after 2 to 4 weeks (6, 10).
T71 7386-7422 Sentence denotes Infliximab can be combined with AZA.
T72 7423-7591 Sentence denotes Patients with UC treated with infliximab plus AZA were more likely to achieve corticosteroid-free remission at 16 weeks than those receiving either monotherapy (10,12).

UBERON-AE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T1 1173-1178 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002100 denotes trunk
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T2 1255-1260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002100 denotes trunk
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T3 1385-1392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012131 denotes central
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T4 1694-1699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T5 2644-2649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T6 2625-2631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001052 denotes rectum
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T7 2636-2649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001159 denotes sigmoid colon
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T8 2724-2729 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 denotes chest
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T9 2840-2845 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T10 2956-2959 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000978 denotes leg
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T11 5100-5104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000978 denotes legs
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T12 3010-3016 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002067 denotes dermis
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T13 4855-4862 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007780 denotes exudate

PubCasesHPO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
AB1 124-144 HP:0025452 denotes Pyoderma gangrenosum
TI1 12-32 HP:0025452 denotes Pyoderma Gangrenosum
TI2 49-67 HP:0100279 denotes Ulcerative Colitis
AB2 758-776 HP:0100279 denotes ulcerative colitis
AB3 1290-1298 HP:0200039 denotes pustules
AB4 1596-1604 HP:0002014 denotes diarrhea
AB5 1609-1614 HP:0001945 denotes fever
AB6 1908-1914 HP:0001903 denotes anemia
AB7 1916-1928 HP:0001974 denotes leukocytosis
AB8 2309-2324 HP:0006562 denotes viral hepatitis
AB9 2342-2358 HP:0002721 denotes immunodeficiency
AB10 2679-2697 HP:0100279 denotes ulcerative colitis
AB11 2809-2815 HP:0001903 denotes anemia
AB12 3718-3732 HP:0001075 denotes atrophic scars
AB13 3954-3974 HP:0025452 denotes pyoderma gangrenosum
AB14 3991-4009 HP:0100279 denotes ulcerative colitis
AB15 4023-4043 HP:0025452 denotes pyoderma gangrenosum
AB16 4171-4191 HP:0025452 denotes pyoderma gangrenosum
AB17 4607-4625 HP:0100279 denotes Ulcerative colitis
AB18 4655-4670 HP:0100280 denotes Crohn's disease
AB19 4739-4754 HP:0100280 denotes Crohn's disease
AB20 4893-4900 HP:0200039 denotes pustule
AB21 5045-5053 HP:0010783 denotes erythema
AB22 6045-6052 HP:0002583 denotes Colitis
AB23 6167-6185 HP:0100279 denotes ulcerative colitis

PubCasesORDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
AB1 124-144 ORDO:48104 denotes Pyoderma gangrenosum
TI1 12-32 ORDO:48104 denotes Pyoderma Gangrenosum
AB2 3954-3974 ORDO:48104 denotes pyoderma gangrenosum
AB3 4023-4043 ORDO:48104 denotes pyoderma gangrenosum
AB4 4171-4191 ORDO:48104 denotes pyoderma gangrenosum

performance-test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T1 1385-1392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012131 denotes central
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T2 1882-1887 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes Blood
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T3 2372-2377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes Blood
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T4 2840-2845 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T5 2956-2959 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000978 denotes leg
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T6 5100-5104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000978 denotes legs
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T7 2724-2729 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 denotes chest
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T8 4855-4862 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007780 denotes exudate
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T9 3010-3016 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002067 denotes dermis
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T10 1173-1178 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002100 denotes trunk
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T11 1255-1260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002100 denotes trunk
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T12 1694-1699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T13 2644-2649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T14 2625-2631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001052 denotes rectum
PD-UBERON-AE-B_T15 2636-2649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001159 denotes sigmoid colon