PubMed:2566167 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

    21k_plant_trait_mention

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for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is present in both mammalian and higher plant genomes.\nProliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; also called cyclin) was originally described in proliferating mammalian cells as a nuclear protein with an apparent Mr of 33,000-36,000 and recently was found to be a DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein. To elucidate whether PCNA/cyclin is a universal protein necessary for proliferation of eukaryotes, a search was conducted for PCNA/cyclin homologues in higher plants. In Southern blot-hybridization analysis, a rat PCNA/cyclin cDNA probe hybridized with homologous sequences in genomic DNAs from rice, soybean, and tobacco. A PCNA/cyclin-related molecular clone (pCJ-1) was isolated from rice DNA and was partially sequenced. The pCJ-1 probe hybridized with a 1.2-kilobase transcript in RNA from rice root tips and shoots. Immunoblot analysis of the soluble extract of soybean root tips with monospecific anti-PCNA/cyclin identified an immunoreactive protein with an apparent Mr of 34,000. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of an immunoreactive PCNA/cyclin protein in the nuclei of cells in the meristem of soybean root tips. The highly homologous nature of the gene for PCNA/cyclin throughout the animal and plant kingdoms suggests that the product of the gene plays an essential role in DNA replication in eukaryotes."}

    OryzaGP_2022

    {"project":"OryzaGP_2022","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":9,"end":43},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":140,"end":174},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":755,"end":756},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/11216"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":822,"end":823},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/11216"}],"text":"Gene for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is present in both mammalian and higher plant genomes.\nProliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; also called cyclin) was originally described in proliferating mammalian cells as a nuclear protein with an apparent Mr of 33,000-36,000 and recently was found to be a DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein. To elucidate whether PCNA/cyclin is a universal protein necessary for proliferation of eukaryotes, a search was conducted for PCNA/cyclin homologues in higher plants. In Southern blot-hybridization analysis, a rat PCNA/cyclin cDNA probe hybridized with homologous sequences in genomic DNAs from rice, soybean, and tobacco. A PCNA/cyclin-related molecular clone (pCJ-1) was isolated from rice DNA and was partially sequenced. The pCJ-1 probe hybridized with a 1.2-kilobase transcript in RNA from rice root tips and shoots. Immunoblot analysis of the soluble extract of soybean root tips with monospecific anti-PCNA/cyclin identified an immunoreactive protein with an apparent Mr of 34,000. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of an immunoreactive PCNA/cyclin protein in the nuclei of cells in the meristem of soybean root tips. The highly homologous nature of the gene for PCNA/cyclin throughout the animal and plant kingdoms suggests that the product of the gene plays an essential role in DNA replication in eukaryotes."}

    pqqtest_sentence

    {"project":"pqqtest_sentence","denotations":[{"id":"M_0","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:TO:0000117-rat damage resistance"},{"id":"M_1","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:PO:0001005-archesporial cells visible stage"},{"id":"M_2","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:funRiceGene:172-root epidermal cells"},{"id":"M_3","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:TO:0000598-protein content"},{"id":"M_4","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:PO:0025233-portion of embryo plant tissue"},{"id":"M_5","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:PO:0000066-epithem cell"},{"id":"M_6","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:TO:0006054-arsenic content trait"},{"id":"M_7","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:PO:0006501-leaf abscission zone"},{"id":"M_8","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:funRiceGene:75-GA inactivation"},{"id":"M_9","span":{"begin":599,"end":625},"obj":"cand:PECO:0007521-actinomycin D 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for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is present in both mammalian and higher plant genomes.\nProliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; also called cyclin) was originally described in proliferating mammalian cells as a nuclear protein with an apparent Mr of 33,000-36,000 and recently was found to be a DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein. To elucidate whether PCNA/cyclin is a universal protein necessary for proliferation of eukaryotes, a search was conducted for PCNA/cyclin homologues in higher plants. In Southern blot-hybridization analysis, a rat PCNA/cyclin cDNA probe hybridized with homologous sequences in genomic DNAs from rice, soybean, and tobacco. A PCNA/cyclin-related molecular clone (pCJ-1) was isolated from rice DNA and was partially sequenced. The pCJ-1 probe hybridized with a 1.2-kilobase transcript in RNA from rice root tips and shoots. Immunoblot analysis of the soluble extract of soybean root tips with monospecific anti-PCNA/cyclin identified an immunoreactive protein with an apparent Mr of 34,000. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of an immunoreactive PCNA/cyclin protein in the nuclei of cells in the meristem of soybean root tips. The highly homologous nature of the gene for PCNA/cyclin throughout the animal and plant kingdoms suggests that the product of the gene plays an essential role in DNA replication in eukaryotes."}

    OryzaGP_2021_v2

    {"project":"OryzaGP_2021_v2","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":410,"end":414},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":515,"end":519},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":603,"end":607},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":714,"end":718},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":894,"end":898},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/456"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":970,"end":974},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/456"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":998,"end":1002},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1150,"end":1154},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1225,"end":1229},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/456"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1276,"end":1280},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T95957","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T95804","span":{"begin":410,"end":414},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T50437","span":{"begin":515,"end":519},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T39393","span":{"begin":603,"end":607},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T60824","span":{"begin":714,"end":718},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T88600","span":{"begin":894,"end":898},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os01g0147900"},{"id":"T57041","span":{"begin":970,"end":974},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os01g0147900"},{"id":"T22610","span":{"begin":998,"end":1002},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T13565","span":{"begin":1150,"end":1154},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T17285","span":{"begin":1225,"end":1229},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os01g0147900"},{"id":"T85642","span":{"begin":1276,"end":1280},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"}],"text":"Gene for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is present in both mammalian and higher plant genomes.\nProliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; also called cyclin) was originally described in proliferating mammalian cells as a nuclear protein with an apparent Mr of 33,000-36,000 and recently was found to be a DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein. To elucidate whether PCNA/cyclin is a universal protein necessary for proliferation of eukaryotes, a search was conducted for PCNA/cyclin homologues in higher plants. In Southern blot-hybridization analysis, a rat PCNA/cyclin cDNA probe hybridized with homologous sequences in genomic DNAs from rice, soybean, and tobacco. A PCNA/cyclin-related molecular clone (pCJ-1) was isolated from rice DNA and was partially sequenced. The pCJ-1 probe hybridized with a 1.2-kilobase transcript in RNA from rice root tips and shoots. Immunoblot analysis of the soluble extract of soybean root tips with monospecific anti-PCNA/cyclin identified an immunoreactive protein with an apparent Mr of 34,000. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of an immunoreactive PCNA/cyclin protein in the nuclei of cells in the meristem of soybean root tips. The highly homologous nature of the gene for PCNA/cyclin throughout the animal and plant kingdoms suggests that the product of the gene plays an essential role in DNA replication in eukaryotes."}

    OryzaGP_2021_FLAIR

    {"project":"OryzaGP_2021_FLAIR","denotations":[{"id":"M_0","span":{"begin":751,"end":756},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_1","span":{"begin":818,"end":823},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_2","span":{"begin":9,"end":43},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_3","span":{"begin":140,"end":174},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_4","span":{"begin":690,"end":697},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_5","span":{"begin":957,"end":964},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_6","span":{"begin":1212,"end":1219},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_7","span":{"begin":703,"end":710},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_8","span":{"begin":1303,"end":1309},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_9","span":{"begin":45,"end":83},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_10","span":{"begin":349,"end":387},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_11","span":{"begin":599,"end":602},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_12","span":{"begin":684,"end":688},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_13","span":{"begin":776,"end":780},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_14","span":{"begin":884,"end":888},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Species"},{"id":"M_15","span":{"begin":194,"end":200},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_16","span":{"begin":415,"end":421},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_17","span":{"begin":520,"end":526},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_18","span":{"begin":608,"end":614},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_19","span":{"begin":719,"end":725},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_20","span":{"begin":1003,"end":1009},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_21","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1161},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_22","span":{"begin":1281,"end":1287},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_23","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_24","span":{"begin":410,"end":414},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_25","span":{"begin":515,"end":519},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_26","span":{"begin":603,"end":607},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_27","span":{"begin":714,"end":718},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_28","span":{"begin":998,"end":1002},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_29","span":{"begin":1150,"end":1154},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"},{"id":"M_30","span":{"begin":1276,"end":1280},"obj":"hunflair:NA:Gene"}],"text":"Gene for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is present in both mammalian and higher plant genomes.\nProliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; also called cyclin) was originally described in proliferating mammalian cells as a nuclear protein with an apparent Mr of 33,000-36,000 and recently was found to be a DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein. To elucidate whether PCNA/cyclin is a universal protein necessary for proliferation of eukaryotes, a search was conducted for PCNA/cyclin homologues in higher plants. In Southern blot-hybridization analysis, a rat PCNA/cyclin cDNA probe hybridized with homologous sequences in genomic DNAs from rice, soybean, and tobacco. A PCNA/cyclin-related molecular clone (pCJ-1) was isolated from rice DNA and was partially sequenced. The pCJ-1 probe hybridized with a 1.2-kilobase transcript in RNA from rice root tips and shoots. Immunoblot analysis of the soluble extract of soybean root tips with monospecific anti-PCNA/cyclin identified an immunoreactive protein with an apparent Mr of 34,000. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of an immunoreactive PCNA/cyclin protein in the nuclei of cells in the meristem of soybean root tips. The highly homologous nature of the gene for PCNA/cyclin throughout the animal and plant kingdoms suggests that the product of the gene plays an essential role in DNA replication in eukaryotes."}

    OryzaGP_2021

    {"project":"OryzaGP_2021","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":9,"end":43},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":45,"end":83},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":140,"end":174},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":194,"end":200},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":349,"end":387},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":410,"end":414},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":415,"end":421},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":515,"end":519},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":520,"end":526},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":603,"end":607},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":608,"end":614},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":714,"end":718},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":719,"end":725},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":894,"end":898},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/456"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":970,"end":974},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/456"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":998,"end":1002},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1003,"end":1009},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1150,"end":1154},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1161},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1225,"end":1229},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/456"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1276,"end":1280},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1281,"end":1287},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/oryzabase.gene/13034"},{"id":"T49343","span":{"begin":9,"end":43},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T77132","span":{"begin":45,"end":83},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T386","span":{"begin":140,"end":174},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T47540","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T35040","span":{"begin":194,"end":200},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T33235","span":{"begin":349,"end":387},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T39826","span":{"begin":410,"end":414},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T97255","span":{"begin":415,"end":421},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T35426","span":{"begin":515,"end":519},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T34360","span":{"begin":520,"end":526},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T9768","span":{"begin":603,"end":607},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T40024","span":{"begin":608,"end":614},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T62397","span":{"begin":714,"end":718},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T7932","span":{"begin":719,"end":725},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T69338","span":{"begin":894,"end":898},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os01g05490"},{"id":"T82865","span":{"begin":970,"end":974},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os01g05490"},{"id":"T87877","span":{"begin":998,"end":1002},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T94095","span":{"begin":1003,"end":1009},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T53633","span":{"begin":1150,"end":1154},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T40415","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1161},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T31107","span":{"begin":1225,"end":1229},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os01g05490"},{"id":"T56967","span":{"begin":1276,"end":1280},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T63465","span":{"begin":1281,"end":1287},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/ricegap/LOC_Os02g56130"},{"id":"T24435","span":{"begin":9,"end":43},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T50572","span":{"begin":45,"end":83},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T60901","span":{"begin":140,"end":174},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T57732","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"http://identifiers.org/rapdb.locus/Os02g0805200"},{"id":"T85138","span":{"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for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is present in both mammalian and higher plant genomes.\nProliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; also called cyclin) was originally described in proliferating mammalian cells as a nuclear protein with an apparent Mr of 33,000-36,000 and recently was found to be a DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein. To elucidate whether PCNA/cyclin is a universal protein necessary for proliferation of eukaryotes, a search was conducted for PCNA/cyclin homologues in higher plants. In Southern blot-hybridization analysis, a rat PCNA/cyclin cDNA probe hybridized with homologous sequences in genomic DNAs from rice, soybean, and tobacco. A PCNA/cyclin-related molecular clone (pCJ-1) was isolated from rice DNA and was partially sequenced. The pCJ-1 probe hybridized with a 1.2-kilobase transcript in RNA from rice root tips and shoots. Immunoblot analysis of the soluble extract of soybean root tips with monospecific anti-PCNA/cyclin identified an immunoreactive protein with an apparent Mr of 34,000. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of an immunoreactive PCNA/cyclin protein in the nuclei of cells in the meristem of soybean root tips. The highly homologous nature of the gene for PCNA/cyclin throughout the animal and plant kingdoms suggests that the product of the gene plays an essential role in DNA replication in eukaryotes."}

    OryzaGP

    {"project":"OryzaGP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":9,"end":43},"obj":"gene"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":44,"end":83},"obj":"gene"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":140,"end":174},"obj":"gene"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"gene"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":194,"end":201},"obj":"gene"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":349,"end":387},"obj":"gene"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":894,"end":898},"obj":"gene"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":970,"end":974},"obj":"gene"}],"text":"Gene for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is present in both mammalian and higher plant genomes.\nProliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; also called cyclin) was originally described in proliferating mammalian cells as a nuclear protein with an apparent Mr of 33,000-36,000 and recently was found to be a DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein. To elucidate whether PCNA/cyclin is a universal protein necessary for proliferation of eukaryotes, a search was conducted for PCNA/cyclin homologues in higher plants. In Southern blot-hybridization analysis, a rat PCNA/cyclin cDNA probe hybridized with homologous sequences in genomic DNAs from rice, soybean, and tobacco. A PCNA/cyclin-related molecular clone (pCJ-1) was isolated from rice DNA and was partially sequenced. The pCJ-1 probe hybridized with a 1.2-kilobase transcript in RNA from rice root tips and shoots. Immunoblot analysis of the soluble extract of soybean root tips with monospecific anti-PCNA/cyclin identified an immunoreactive protein with an apparent Mr of 34,000. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of an immunoreactive PCNA/cyclin protein in the nuclei of cells in the meristem of soybean root tips. The highly homologous nature of the gene for PCNA/cyclin throughout the animal and plant kingdoms suggests that the product of the gene plays an essential role in DNA replication in eukaryotes."}

    Oryza_sentences

    {"project":"Oryza_sentences","blocks":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":139},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":140,"end":388},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":389,"end":555},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":556,"end":711},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":712,"end":813},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":814,"end":910},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":911,"end":1077},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1230},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1424},"obj":"Sentence"}],"text":"Gene for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is present in both mammalian and higher plant genomes.\nProliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; also called cyclin) was originally described in proliferating mammalian cells as a nuclear protein with an apparent Mr of 33,000-36,000 and recently was found to be a DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein. To elucidate whether PCNA/cyclin is a universal protein necessary for proliferation of eukaryotes, a search was conducted for PCNA/cyclin homologues in higher plants. In Southern blot-hybridization analysis, a rat PCNA/cyclin cDNA probe hybridized with homologous sequences in genomic DNAs from rice, soybean, and tobacco. A PCNA/cyclin-related molecular clone (pCJ-1) was isolated from rice DNA and was partially sequenced. The pCJ-1 probe hybridized with a 1.2-kilobase transcript in RNA from rice root tips and shoots. Immunoblot analysis of the soluble extract of soybean root tips with monospecific anti-PCNA/cyclin identified an immunoreactive protein with an apparent Mr of 34,000. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of an immunoreactive PCNA/cyclin protein in the nuclei of cells in the meristem of soybean root tips. The highly homologous nature of the gene for PCNA/cyclin throughout the animal and plant kingdoms suggests that the product of the gene plays an essential role in DNA replication in eukaryotes."}