PubMed:24828047 JSONTXT

{"project":"silkworm_phenotype","denotations":[{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1494,"end":1497},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1304,"end":1307},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1069},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":963,"end":966},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":958,"end":961},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1395,"end":1399},"obj":"Gene:101739895"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1360,"end":1367},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1208},"obj":"Gene:692415"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1184,"end":1191},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":888,"end":895},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":304,"end":312},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":94,"end":105},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":85,"end":93},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1600,"end":1604},"obj":"Gene:101739895"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1566,"end":1571},"obj":"Gene:692415"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1472,"end":1476},"obj":"Gene:101739895"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":71,"end":79},"obj":"Species:7091"}],"text":"A single female-specific piRNA is the primary determiner of sex in the silkworm.\nThe silkworm Bombyx mori uses a WZ sex determination system that is analogous to the one found in birds and some reptiles. In this system, males have two Z sex chromosomes, whereas females have Z and W sex chromosomes. The silkworm W chromosome has a dominant role in female determination, suggesting the existence of a dominant feminizing gene in this chromosome. However, the W chromosome is almost fully occupied by transposable element sequences, and no functional protein-coding gene has been identified so far. Female-enriched PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the only known transcripts that are produced from the sex-determining region of the W chromosome, but the function(s) of these piRNAs are unknown. Here we show that a W-chromosome-derived, female-specific piRNA is the feminizing factor of B. mori. This piRNA is produced from a piRNA precursor which we named Fem. Fem sequences were arranged in tandem in the sex-determining region of the W chromosome. Inhibition of Fem-derived piRNA-mediated signalling in female embryos led to the production of the male-specific splice variants of B. mori doublesex (Bmdsx), a gene which acts at the downstream end of the sex differentiation cascade. A target gene of Fem-derived piRNA was identified on the Z chromosome of B. mori. This gene, which we named Masc, encoded a CCCH-type zinc finger protein. We show that the silencing of Masc messenger RNA by Fem piRNA is required for the production of female-specific isoforms of Bmdsx in female embryos, and that Masc protein controls both dosage compensation and masculinization in male embryos. Our study characterizes a single small RNA that is responsible for primary sex determination in the WZ sex determination system."}

{"project":"silkworm","denotations":[{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1360,"end":1367},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":71,"end":79},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":85,"end":93},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":94,"end":105},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":304,"end":312},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":888,"end":895},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1184,"end":1191},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1208},"obj":"Gene:692415"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1395,"end":1399},"obj":"Gene:101739895"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1472,"end":1476},"obj":"Gene:101739895"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1566,"end":1571},"obj":"Gene:692415"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1600,"end":1604},"obj":"Gene:101739895"}],"text":"A single female-specific piRNA is the primary determiner of sex in the silkworm.\nThe silkworm Bombyx mori uses a WZ sex determination system that is analogous to the one found in birds and some reptiles. In this system, males have two Z sex chromosomes, whereas females have Z and W sex chromosomes. The silkworm W chromosome has a dominant role in female determination, suggesting the existence of a dominant feminizing gene in this chromosome. However, the W chromosome is almost fully occupied by transposable element sequences, and no functional protein-coding gene has been identified so far. Female-enriched PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the only known transcripts that are produced from the sex-determining region of the W chromosome, but the function(s) of these piRNAs are unknown. Here we show that a W-chromosome-derived, female-specific piRNA is the feminizing factor of B. mori. This piRNA is produced from a piRNA precursor which we named Fem. Fem sequences were arranged in tandem in the sex-determining region of the W chromosome. Inhibition of Fem-derived piRNA-mediated signalling in female embryos led to the production of the male-specific splice variants of B. mori doublesex (Bmdsx), a gene which acts at the downstream end of the sex differentiation cascade. A target gene of Fem-derived piRNA was identified on the Z chromosome of B. mori. This gene, which we named Masc, encoded a CCCH-type zinc finger protein. We show that the silencing of Masc messenger RNA by Fem piRNA is required for the production of female-specific isoforms of Bmdsx in female embryos, and that Masc protein controls both dosage compensation and masculinization in male embryos. Our study characterizes a single small RNA that is responsible for primary sex determination in the WZ sex determination system."}

{"project":"silkwormbase","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":71,"end":79},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1472,"end":1476},"obj":"Gene:101739895"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1566,"end":1571},"obj":"Gene:692415"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1600,"end":1604},"obj":"Gene:101739895"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":85,"end":93},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":94,"end":105},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":304,"end":312},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":888,"end":895},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1184,"end":1191},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1208},"obj":"Gene:692415"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1360,"end":1367},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1395,"end":1399},"obj":"Gene:101739895"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":958,"end":961},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":963,"end":966},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1069},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1304,"end":1307},"obj":"BMO_00546"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1494,"end":1497},"obj":"BMO_00546"}],"text":"A single female-specific piRNA is the primary determiner of sex in the silkworm.\nThe silkworm Bombyx mori uses a WZ sex determination system that is analogous to the one found in birds and some reptiles. In this system, males have two Z sex chromosomes, whereas females have Z and W sex chromosomes. The silkworm W chromosome has a dominant role in female determination, suggesting the existence of a dominant feminizing gene in this chromosome. However, the W chromosome is almost fully occupied by transposable element sequences, and no functional protein-coding gene has been identified so far. Female-enriched PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the only known transcripts that are produced from the sex-determining region of the W chromosome, but the function(s) of these piRNAs are unknown. Here we show that a W-chromosome-derived, female-specific piRNA is the feminizing factor of B. mori. This piRNA is produced from a piRNA precursor which we named Fem. Fem sequences were arranged in tandem in the sex-determining region of the W chromosome. Inhibition of Fem-derived piRNA-mediated signalling in female embryos led to the production of the male-specific splice variants of B. mori doublesex (Bmdsx), a gene which acts at the downstream end of the sex differentiation cascade. A target gene of Fem-derived piRNA was identified on the Z chromosome of B. mori. This gene, which we named Masc, encoded a CCCH-type zinc finger protein. We show that the silencing of Masc messenger RNA by Fem piRNA is required for the production of female-specific isoforms of Bmdsx in female embryos, and that Masc protein controls both dosage compensation and masculinization in male embryos. Our study characterizes a single small RNA that is responsible for primary sex determination in the WZ sex determination system."}

{"project":"Allie","denotations":[{"id":"SS1_24828047_5_0","span":{"begin":614,"end":635},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_24828047_5_0","span":{"begin":637,"end":643},"obj":"abbr"}],"relations":[{"id":"AE1_24828047_5_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_24828047_5_0","obj":"SS2_24828047_5_0"}],"text":"A single female-specific piRNA is the primary determiner of sex in the silkworm.\nThe silkworm Bombyx mori uses a WZ sex determination system that is analogous to the one found in birds and some reptiles. In this system, males have two Z sex chromosomes, whereas females have Z and W sex chromosomes. The silkworm W chromosome has a dominant role in female determination, suggesting the existence of a dominant feminizing gene in this chromosome. However, the W chromosome is almost fully occupied by transposable element sequences, and no functional protein-coding gene has been identified so far. Female-enriched PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the only known transcripts that are produced from the sex-determining region of the W chromosome, but the function(s) of these piRNAs are unknown. Here we show that a W-chromosome-derived, female-specific piRNA is the feminizing factor of B. mori. This piRNA is produced from a piRNA precursor which we named Fem. Fem sequences were arranged in tandem in the sex-determining region of the W chromosome. Inhibition of Fem-derived piRNA-mediated signalling in female embryos led to the production of the male-specific splice variants of B. mori doublesex (Bmdsx), a gene which acts at the downstream end of the sex differentiation cascade. A target gene of Fem-derived piRNA was identified on the Z chromosome of B. mori. This gene, which we named Masc, encoded a CCCH-type zinc finger protein. We show that the silencing of Masc messenger RNA by Fem piRNA is required for the production of female-specific isoforms of Bmdsx in female embryos, and that Masc protein controls both dosage compensation and masculinization in male embryos. Our study characterizes a single small RNA that is responsible for primary sex determination in the WZ sex determination system."}