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Few effects of far transfer of working memory training in ADHD: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown that children with ADHD profit from working memory training, although few studies have investigated transfer effects comprehensively. The current Randomized Controlled Trial analyzes transfer to other neuropsychological (NP) domains, academic performance and everyday functioning at home and school.
METHOD: Sixty-seven children with ADHD were randomized into a control group or a training group. The training group underwent Cogmed's RoboMemo program. All participants were assessed pre-training, immediately after and eight months later with a battery of NP tests, measures of mathematical and reading skills, as well as rating scales filled out by parents and teachers.
RESULTS: There was a significant training effect in psychomotor speed, but not to any other NP measures. Reading and mathematics were improved. There were no training induced changes in symptom rating scales either at home or at school. The increased reading scores remained significant eight months later.
CONCLUSION: The study is the most comprehensive study of transfer effects to date, and with mixed results compared to previous research. More research is needed regarding how to improve the training program and the conditions and thresholds for successful training.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN19133620.
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