Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-111 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Eplerenone attenuates pulse wave reflection in chronic kidney disease stage 3-4--a randomized controlled study. |
T2 |
112-123 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BACKGROUND: |
T3 |
124-261 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity associated with increased arterial stiffness. |
T4 |
262-388 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Plasma aldosterone levels are increased in CKD, and aldosterone has been found to increase vascular inflammation and fibrosis. |
T5 |
389-511 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It was hypothesized that aldosterone receptor inhibition with eplerenone could reduce arterial stiffness in CKD stage 3-4. |
T6 |
512-525 |
Sentence |
denotes |
STUDY DESIGN: |
T7 |
526-574 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The design was randomized, open, parallel group. |
T8 |
575-652 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Measurements of arterial stiffness markers were undertaken at weeks 1 and 24. |
T9 |
653-666 |
Sentence |
denotes |
INTERVENTION: |
T10 |
667-744 |
Sentence |
denotes |
24 weeks of add-on treatment with 25-50 mg eplerenone or standard medication. |
T11 |
745-754 |
Sentence |
denotes |
OUTCOMES: |
T12 |
755-829 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Primary outcome parameter was carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). |
T13 |
830-953 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Secondary outcomes were augmentation index (AIx), ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and urinary albumin excretion. |
T14 |
954-962 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
T15 |
963-1042 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fifty-four CKD patients (mean eGFR 36 mL/min/1.73 m(2), SD 11) were randomized. |
T16 |
1043-1082 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Forty-six patients completed the trial. |
T17 |
1083-1175 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mean difference in cfPWV changes between groups was 0.1 m/s (95%CI: -1.0, 1.3), P = 0.8. |
T18 |
1176-1256 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mean difference in AIx changes between groups was 4.4% (0.1, 8.6), P = 0.04. |
T19 |
1257-1291 |
Sentence |
denotes |
AASI was unchanged in both groups. |
T20 |
1292-1421 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The ratio of change in urinary albumin excretion in the eplerenone group compared to the control was 0.61 (0.37, 1.01), P = 0.05. |
T21 |
1422-1568 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Four patients were withdrawn from the eplerenone group including three because of possible side effects; one was withdrawn from the control group. |
T22 |
1569-1638 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mild hyperkalemia was seen on three occasions and was easily managed. |
T23 |
1639-1651 |
Sentence |
denotes |
LIMITATIONS: |
T24 |
1652-1705 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The full planned number of patients was not attained. |
T25 |
1706-1808 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The duration of the trial may have been too short to obtain full effect of eplerenone on the arteries. |
T26 |
1809-1821 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: |
T27 |
1822-1907 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Add-on treatment with eplerenone in CKD stage 3-4 did not significantly reduce cfPWV. |
T28 |
1908-1993 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There may be beneficial vascular effects leading to attenuated pulse wave reflection. |
T29 |
1994-2023 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Treatment was well-tolerated. |
T30 |
2024-2043 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TRIAL REGISTRATION: |
T31 |
2044-2074 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ClinicalTrials.govNCT01100203. |
T1 |
0-111 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Eplerenone attenuates pulse wave reflection in chronic kidney disease stage 3-4--a randomized controlled study. |
T2 |
112-123 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BACKGROUND: |
T3 |
124-261 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity associated with increased arterial stiffness. |
T4 |
262-388 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Plasma aldosterone levels are increased in CKD, and aldosterone has been found to increase vascular inflammation and fibrosis. |
T5 |
389-511 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It was hypothesized that aldosterone receptor inhibition with eplerenone could reduce arterial stiffness in CKD stage 3-4. |
T6 |
512-525 |
Sentence |
denotes |
STUDY DESIGN: |
T7 |
526-574 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The design was randomized, open, parallel group. |
T8 |
575-652 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Measurements of arterial stiffness markers were undertaken at weeks 1 and 24. |
T9 |
653-666 |
Sentence |
denotes |
INTERVENTION: |
T10 |
667-744 |
Sentence |
denotes |
24 weeks of add-on treatment with 25-50 mg eplerenone or standard medication. |
T11 |
745-754 |
Sentence |
denotes |
OUTCOMES: |
T12 |
755-829 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Primary outcome parameter was carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). |
T13 |
830-953 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Secondary outcomes were augmentation index (AIx), ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and urinary albumin excretion. |
T14 |
954-962 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
T15 |
963-1042 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fifty-four CKD patients (mean eGFR 36 mL/min/1.73 m(2), SD 11) were randomized. |
T16 |
1043-1082 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Forty-six patients completed the trial. |
T17 |
1083-1175 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mean difference in cfPWV changes between groups was 0.1 m/s (95%CI: -1.0, 1.3), P = 0.8. |
T18 |
1176-1256 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The mean difference in AIx changes between groups was 4.4% (0.1, 8.6), P = 0.04. |
T19 |
1257-1291 |
Sentence |
denotes |
AASI was unchanged in both groups. |
T20 |
1292-1421 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The ratio of change in urinary albumin excretion in the eplerenone group compared to the control was 0.61 (0.37, 1.01), P = 0.05. |
T21 |
1422-1568 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Four patients were withdrawn from the eplerenone group including three because of possible side effects; one was withdrawn from the control group. |
T22 |
1569-1638 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mild hyperkalemia was seen on three occasions and was easily managed. |
T23 |
1639-1651 |
Sentence |
denotes |
LIMITATIONS: |
T24 |
1652-1705 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The full planned number of patients was not attained. |
T25 |
1706-1808 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The duration of the trial may have been too short to obtain full effect of eplerenone on the arteries. |
T26 |
1809-1821 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: |
T27 |
1822-1907 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Add-on treatment with eplerenone in CKD stage 3-4 did not significantly reduce cfPWV. |
T28 |
1908-1993 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There may be beneficial vascular effects leading to attenuated pulse wave reflection. |
T29 |
1994-2023 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Treatment was well-tolerated. |
T30 |
2024-2043 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TRIAL REGISTRATION: |
T31 |
2044-2074 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ClinicalTrials.govNCT01100203. |