PubMed:23408434
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PubMed/sourceid/23408434","sourcedb":"PubMed","sourceid":"23408434","source_url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408434","text":"Neuronatin-mediated aberrant calcium signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress underlie neuropathology in Lafora disease.\nLafora disease (LD) is a teenage-onset inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsy characterized by the accumulations of intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies and caused by mutations in protein phosphatase laforin or ubiquitin ligase malin. But how the loss of function of either laforin or malin causes disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, neuronatin was identified as a novel substrate of malin that regulates glycogen synthesis. Here we demonstrate that the level of neuronatin is significantly up-regulated in the skin biopsy sample of LD patients having mutations in both malin and laforin. Neuronatin is highly expressed in human fetal brain with gradual decrease in expression in developing and adult brain. However, in adult brain, neuronatin is predominantly expressed in parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and localized in their processes. The level of neuronatin is increased and accumulated as insoluble aggregates in the cortical area of LD brain biopsy samples, and there is also a dramatic loss of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. Ectopic expression of neuronatin in cultured neuronal cells results in increased intracellular Ca(2+), endoplasmic reticulum stress, proteasomal dysfunction, and cell death that can be partially rescued by malin. These findings suggest that the neuronatin-induced aberrant Ca(2+) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress might underlie LD pathogenesis.","tracks":[{"project":"Allie","denotations":[{"id":"SS1_23408434_1_0","span":{"begin":123,"end":137},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_23408434_1_0","span":{"begin":139,"end":141},"obj":"abbr"}],"relations":[{"id":"AE1_23408434_1_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_23408434_1_0","obj":"SS2_23408434_1_0"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"SS1_23408434_1_0","pred":"source","obj":"Allie"},{"subj":"SS2_23408434_1_0","pred":"source","obj":"Allie"}]},{"project":"CHEMDNER-training-test","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1306,"end":1312},"obj":"FORMULA"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1484,"end":1490},"obj":"FORMULA"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":29,"end":36},"obj":"SYSTEMATIC"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"CHEMDNER-training-test"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"CHEMDNER-training-test"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"CHEMDNER-training-test"}]},{"project":"PubmedHPO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":184,"end":193},"obj":"HP_0001336"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":273,"end":286},"obj":"HP_0100318"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"PubmedHPO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"PubmedHPO"}]},{"project":"DisGeNET","denotations":[{"id":"T0","span":{"begin":0,"end":10},"obj":"gene:4826"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":107,"end":121},"obj":"disease:C0751783"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":0,"end":10},"obj":"gene:4826"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":73,"end":79},"obj":"disease:C3825627"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":334,"end":341},"obj":"gene:7957"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":139,"end":141},"obj":"disease:C0751783"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":334,"end":341},"obj":"gene:7957"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":123,"end":137},"obj":"disease:C0751783"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":614,"end":624},"obj":"gene:4826"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":684,"end":686},"obj":"disease:C0751783"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1016,"end":1026},"obj":"gene:4826"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1106},"obj":"disease:C0751783"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1166,"end":1177},"obj":"gene:5816"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1106},"obj":"disease:C0751783"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1233,"end":1243},"obj":"gene:4826"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1336,"end":1342},"obj":"disease:C3825627"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1466},"obj":"gene:4826"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1549,"end":1551},"obj":"disease:C0751783"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1466},"obj":"gene:4826"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1527,"end":1533},"obj":"disease:C3825627"}],"relations":[{"id":"R1","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T0","obj":"T1"},{"id":"R2","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T2","obj":"T3"},{"id":"R3","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T4","obj":"T5"},{"id":"R4","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T6","obj":"T7"},{"id":"R5","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T8","obj":"T9"},{"id":"R6","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T10","obj":"T11"},{"id":"R7","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T12","obj":"T13"},{"id":"R8","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T14","obj":"T15"},{"id":"R9","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T16","obj":"T17"},{"id":"R10","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T18","obj":"T19"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"gene","uri":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"disease","uri":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T0","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET"}]},{"project":"sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":122},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":123,"end":368},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":369,"end":474},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":475,"end":575},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":576,"end":739},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":740,"end":858},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":859,"end":1002},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1003,"end":1210},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1211,"end":1423},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1424,"end":1565},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"}]},{"project":"NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":774,"end":779},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"9606"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"NCBITAXON"}]},{"project":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease","denotations":[{"id":"23408434-0#0#10#gene4826","span":{"begin":0,"end":10},"obj":"gene4826"},{"id":"23408434-0#107#121#diseaseC0751783","span":{"begin":107,"end":121},"obj":"diseaseC0751783"},{"id":"23408434-1#211#218#gene7957","span":{"begin":334,"end":341},"obj":"gene7957"},{"id":"23408434-1#0#14#diseaseC0751783","span":{"begin":123,"end":137},"obj":"diseaseC0751783"},{"id":"23408434-1#16#18#diseaseC0751783","span":{"begin":139,"end":141},"obj":"diseaseC0751783"},{"id":"23408434-1#49#79#diseaseC0751778","span":{"begin":172,"end":202},"obj":"diseaseC0751778"},{"id":"23408434-7#163#174#gene5816","span":{"begin":1166,"end":1177},"obj":"gene5816"},{"id":"23408434-7#101#103#diseaseC0751783","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1106},"obj":"diseaseC0751783"},{"id":"23408434-8#22#32#gene4826","span":{"begin":1233,"end":1243},"obj":"gene4826"},{"id":"23408434-8#145#156#diseaseC3887505","span":{"begin":1356,"end":1367},"obj":"diseaseC3887505"}],"relations":[{"id":"0#10#gene4826107#121#diseaseC0751783","pred":"associated_with","subj":"23408434-0#0#10#gene4826","obj":"23408434-0#107#121#diseaseC0751783"},{"id":"211#218#gene79570#14#diseaseC0751783","pred":"associated_with","subj":"23408434-1#211#218#gene7957","obj":"23408434-1#0#14#diseaseC0751783"},{"id":"211#218#gene795716#18#diseaseC0751783","pred":"associated_with","subj":"23408434-1#211#218#gene7957","obj":"23408434-1#16#18#diseaseC0751783"},{"id":"211#218#gene795749#79#diseaseC0751778","pred":"associated_with","subj":"23408434-1#211#218#gene7957","obj":"23408434-1#49#79#diseaseC0751778"},{"id":"163#174#gene5816101#103#diseaseC0751783","pred":"associated_with","subj":"23408434-7#163#174#gene5816","obj":"23408434-7#101#103#diseaseC0751783"},{"id":"22#32#gene4826145#156#diseaseC3887505","pred":"associated_with","subj":"23408434-8#22#32#gene4826","obj":"23408434-8#145#156#diseaseC3887505"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"23408434-0#0#10#gene4826","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-0#107#121#diseaseC0751783","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-1#211#218#gene7957","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-1#0#14#diseaseC0751783","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-1#16#18#diseaseC0751783","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-1#49#79#diseaseC0751778","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-7#163#174#gene5816","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-7#101#103#diseaseC0751783","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-8#22#32#gene4826","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"},{"subj":"23408434-8#145#156#diseaseC3887505","pred":"source","obj":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease"}]},{"project":"mondo_disease","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":107,"end":121},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":123,"end":137},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":139,"end":141},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":172,"end":202},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":684,"end":686},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1106},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1549,"end":1551},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009697"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009697"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009697"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0020074"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009697"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009697"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009697"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"}]},{"project":"Glycosmos6-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":662,"end":666},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000284"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":786,"end":791},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000098"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":852,"end":857},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000098"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":877,"end":882},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000098"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1107,"end":1112},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000098"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"}]},{"project":"Anatomy-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":662,"end":666},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":786,"end":791},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":852,"end":857},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":877,"end":882},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1107,"end":1112},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000284"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000098"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000098"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000098"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000098"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"}]},{"project":"Anatomy-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":63,"end":72},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":241,"end":254},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":662,"end":666},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":786,"end":791},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":852,"end":857},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":877,"end":882},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":946,"end":968},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1107,"end":1112},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1187,"end":1209},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1305},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1326,"end":1335},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1517,"end":1526},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007361"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005622"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001003"},{"id":"A5","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002097"},{"id":"A6","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002199"},{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6110636"},{"id":"A9","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"A10","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6110636"},{"id":"A11","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"A12","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6110636"},{"id":"A13","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0011005"},{"id":"A14","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955"},{"id":"A15","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6110636"},{"id":"A16","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0011005"},{"id":"A17","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005622"},{"id":"A18","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007361"},{"id":"A19","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007361"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"}]},{"project":"HP-phenotype","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":184,"end":193},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":194,"end":202},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":273,"end":286},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"HP:0001336"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"HP:0001250"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"HP:0100318"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"HP-phenotype"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"HP-phenotype"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"HP-phenotype"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"HP","uri":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_"}]},{"project":"CL-cell","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":946,"end":968},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1187,"end":1209},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1256,"end":1264},"obj":"Cell"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0011005"},{"id":"A2","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0011005"},{"id":"A3","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000540"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"CL-cell"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"CL-cell"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"CL-cell"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"Allie","color":"#93ecb8","default":true},{"id":"CHEMDNER-training-test","color":"#ec9e93"},{"id":"PubmedHPO","color":"#93a1ec"},{"id":"DisGeNET","color":"#bbec93"},{"id":"sentences","color":"#ec93d5"},{"id":"NCBITAXON","color":"#93ece8"},{"id":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease","color":"#ecce93"},{"id":"mondo_disease","color":"#b493ec"},{"id":"Glycosmos6-MAT","color":"#93ec9a"},{"id":"Anatomy-MAT","color":"#ec93a5"},{"id":"Anatomy-UBERON","color":"#93bfec"},{"id":"HP-phenotype","color":"#d9ec93"},{"id":"CL-cell","color":"#e593ec"}]}]}}