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Inflammaging

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-74 Sentence denotes (68)Ga-radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of infection and inflammation.
T2 75-287 Sentence denotes Infection imaging has been challenging over the past four decades, which provided an excellent playing field for researchers working in this area, and till date the quest continues to find an ideal imaging agent.
T3 288-496 Sentence denotes Labelled leukocytes were first developed in the 1970s for imaging infection lesions such as osteomyelitis, cellulitis, diabetic foot, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, fever of unknown origin, etc.
T4 497-634 Sentence denotes Subsequently labelled antibiotics such as (99m)Tc-labelled ciprofloxacin have emerged for directly identifying live bacterial infections.
T5 635-789 Sentence denotes From the early 1970s through the mid-1980s,( 67)Ga-Citrate was the prime radionuclide for imaging of inflammation and infection of musculoskeletal origin.
T6 790-1055 Sentence denotes Although (68)Ga-PET was described in 1960s for tumour imaging, recent reports described (68)Ga-Citrate and (68)Ga-transferrin as possible agents for PET-imaging of infection due to successful application of (67)Ga-Citrate SPECT in the past, despite its limitations.
T7 1056-1180 Sentence denotes It is important to establish a faster imaging method for (68)Ga, as its half-life is 68 min compared to 78.3 hrs for (67)Ga.
T8 1181-1359 Sentence denotes Preparation of (68)Ga-Citrate and (68)Ga-transferrin is described, with very high yield and high radiochemical purity (RCP), which is ideally suited for routine clinical studies.
T9 1360-1822 Sentence denotes Biodistribution of (68)Ga-Citrate-PET images were characterised with high blood pool, high liver and bone (growth plate) uptake with low soft-tissue activity. (68)Ga-Citrate or (68)Ga-transferrin was able to detect infected lesions in rats within 5-10 min post injection but a focal intense uptake at the lesion (SUV(max)) was visualized only at 30 min, which increased for up to 6 hrs post injection with concomitant decrease in the cardiac blood pool activity.
T10 1823-1891 Sentence denotes The liver and bowel activity decreased after 90 min then stabilised.
T11 1892-1995 Sentence denotes In the patient studies, infection lesions were detected within 30 min post injection of (68)Ga-Citrate.
T12 1996-2073 Sentence denotes Cardiac blood pool and liver activities decreased during the period of study.
T13 2074-2153 Sentence denotes Interestingly, there was persistent high vascular activity in the thigh region.
T14 2154-2326 Sentence denotes One of the major limitations of (67)Ga-Citrate SPECT is the delayed post injection waiting time of 48 hrs, in contrast to 60 min post injection waiting with (68)Ga-Citrate.
T15 2327-2492 Sentence denotes The distinct difference in imaging time is intriguing, although there is no chemical difference between (67)Ga-Citrate and (68)Ga-Citrate, except for the radiolabel.
T16 2493-2562 Sentence denotes No literature is available on early imaging times using (67)Ga-SPECT.
T17 2563-2732 Sentence denotes When compared (68)Ga/(67)Ga-Citrate images at 60 min post injection in normal rats, (68)Ga-PET showed better images with low background activity than (67)Ga-SPECT agent.
T18 2733-2946 Sentence denotes This may be due to short half-life of (68)Ga (68 min), as it would have decayed one half-life at 60 min post-imaging time, compared to the SPECT agent ((67)Ga), which would require 76 hrs to undergo one half-life.
T19 2947-3068 Sentence denotes Therefore, the visual difference in background can be attributed to the difference in the half-lives of these two agents.
T20 3069-3254 Sentence denotes Similarly, uptake of (68)Ga by liver, cardiac blood pool activity is much lower than (67)Ga at 60 min post injection period, may be attributed to the faster decay of (68)Ga than (67)Ga.
T21 3255-3510 Sentence denotes High background activity of (68)Ga-Citrate in the thorax and upper abdomen at 60 min post-injection may interfere with detecting lesions in these regions; therefore, (68)Ga-PET is more suitable for imaging lesions in the lower abdomen and the extremities.
T22 3511-3654 Sentence denotes The short half-life of (68)Ga (68 min) may be advantageous from low dosimetry to the patients, but disadvantageous for longer periods of study.
T23 3655-3787 Sentence denotes Since (68)Ga-Citrate was capable of detecting infection within 60 min, the need for imaging for longer periods may not be warranted.
T24 3788-4180 Sentence denotes The functional imaging was not limited to diagnosing infection but it could be extended to surgical planning and antibiotic therapy monitoring of osteomyelitis and in distinguishing prosthetic infection from loosening of prosthesis. (18)F-FDG is sensitive but has the limitation of giving false positive results in patients with bone prosthesis, even if there is no infection or mobilisation.
T25 4181-4283 Sentence denotes But the available literature clearly indicated (68)Ga-Citrate was positive only in cases of infection.
T26 4284-4516 Sentence denotes In summary, preliminary reports suggest (68)Ga-Citrate PET/CT is useful in the diagnosis of suspected bone infections with reliable sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy.
T27 4517-4682 Sentence denotes Preliminary reports with (68)Ga-Transferrin showed it is capable of detecting both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (Staph A) and Gram-negative Proteus mirobilis.
T28 4683-4811 Sentence denotes This is an incidental finding but gives an insight into the potential of this agent to detect more than one bacterial infection.
T1 0-74 Sentence denotes (68)Ga-radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of infection and inflammation.
T2 75-287 Sentence denotes Infection imaging has been challenging over the past four decades, which provided an excellent playing field for researchers working in this area, and till date the quest continues to find an ideal imaging agent.
T3 288-496 Sentence denotes Labelled leukocytes were first developed in the 1970s for imaging infection lesions such as osteomyelitis, cellulitis, diabetic foot, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, fever of unknown origin, etc.
T4 497-634 Sentence denotes Subsequently labelled antibiotics such as (99m)Tc-labelled ciprofloxacin have emerged for directly identifying live bacterial infections.
T5 635-789 Sentence denotes From the early 1970s through the mid-1980s,( 67)Ga-Citrate was the prime radionuclide for imaging of inflammation and infection of musculoskeletal origin.
T6 790-1055 Sentence denotes Although (68)Ga-PET was described in 1960s for tumour imaging, recent reports described (68)Ga-Citrate and (68)Ga-transferrin as possible agents for PET-imaging of infection due to successful application of (67)Ga-Citrate SPECT in the past, despite its limitations.
T7 1056-1180 Sentence denotes It is important to establish a faster imaging method for (68)Ga, as its half-life is 68 min compared to 78.3 hrs for (67)Ga.
T8 1181-1359 Sentence denotes Preparation of (68)Ga-Citrate and (68)Ga-transferrin is described, with very high yield and high radiochemical purity (RCP), which is ideally suited for routine clinical studies.
T9 1360-1822 Sentence denotes Biodistribution of (68)Ga-Citrate-PET images were characterised with high blood pool, high liver and bone (growth plate) uptake with low soft-tissue activity. (68)Ga-Citrate or (68)Ga-transferrin was able to detect infected lesions in rats within 5-10 min post injection but a focal intense uptake at the lesion (SUV(max)) was visualized only at 30 min, which increased for up to 6 hrs post injection with concomitant decrease in the cardiac blood pool activity.
T10 1823-1891 Sentence denotes The liver and bowel activity decreased after 90 min then stabilised.
T11 1892-1995 Sentence denotes In the patient studies, infection lesions were detected within 30 min post injection of (68)Ga-Citrate.
T12 1996-2073 Sentence denotes Cardiac blood pool and liver activities decreased during the period of study.
T13 2074-2153 Sentence denotes Interestingly, there was persistent high vascular activity in the thigh region.
T14 2154-2326 Sentence denotes One of the major limitations of (67)Ga-Citrate SPECT is the delayed post injection waiting time of 48 hrs, in contrast to 60 min post injection waiting with (68)Ga-Citrate.
T15 2327-2492 Sentence denotes The distinct difference in imaging time is intriguing, although there is no chemical difference between (67)Ga-Citrate and (68)Ga-Citrate, except for the radiolabel.
T16 2493-2562 Sentence denotes No literature is available on early imaging times using (67)Ga-SPECT.
T17 2563-2732 Sentence denotes When compared (68)Ga/(67)Ga-Citrate images at 60 min post injection in normal rats, (68)Ga-PET showed better images with low background activity than (67)Ga-SPECT agent.
T18 2733-2946 Sentence denotes This may be due to short half-life of (68)Ga (68 min), as it would have decayed one half-life at 60 min post-imaging time, compared to the SPECT agent ((67)Ga), which would require 76 hrs to undergo one half-life.
T19 2947-3068 Sentence denotes Therefore, the visual difference in background can be attributed to the difference in the half-lives of these two agents.
T20 3069-3254 Sentence denotes Similarly, uptake of (68)Ga by liver, cardiac blood pool activity is much lower than (67)Ga at 60 min post injection period, may be attributed to the faster decay of (68)Ga than (67)Ga.
T21 3255-3510 Sentence denotes High background activity of (68)Ga-Citrate in the thorax and upper abdomen at 60 min post-injection may interfere with detecting lesions in these regions; therefore, (68)Ga-PET is more suitable for imaging lesions in the lower abdomen and the extremities.
T22 3511-3654 Sentence denotes The short half-life of (68)Ga (68 min) may be advantageous from low dosimetry to the patients, but disadvantageous for longer periods of study.
T23 3655-3787 Sentence denotes Since (68)Ga-Citrate was capable of detecting infection within 60 min, the need for imaging for longer periods may not be warranted.
T24 3788-4180 Sentence denotes The functional imaging was not limited to diagnosing infection but it could be extended to surgical planning and antibiotic therapy monitoring of osteomyelitis and in distinguishing prosthetic infection from loosening of prosthesis. (18)F-FDG is sensitive but has the limitation of giving false positive results in patients with bone prosthesis, even if there is no infection or mobilisation.
T25 4181-4283 Sentence denotes But the available literature clearly indicated (68)Ga-Citrate was positive only in cases of infection.
T26 4284-4516 Sentence denotes In summary, preliminary reports suggest (68)Ga-Citrate PET/CT is useful in the diagnosis of suspected bone infections with reliable sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy.
T27 4517-4682 Sentence denotes Preliminary reports with (68)Ga-Transferrin showed it is capable of detecting both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (Staph A) and Gram-negative Proteus mirobilis.
T28 4683-4811 Sentence denotes This is an incidental finding but gives an insight into the potential of this agent to detect more than one bacterial infection.

Allie

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
SS1_22918761_7_0 1278-1298 expanded denotes radiochemical purity
SS2_22918761_7_0 1300-1303 abbr denotes RCP
SS1_22918761_28_0 4614-4635 expanded denotes Staphylococcus aureus
SS2_22918761_28_0 4637-4644 abbr denotes Staph A
AE1_22918761_7_0 SS1_22918761_7_0 SS2_22918761_7_0 abbreviatedTo radiochemical purity,RCP
AE1_22918761_28_0 SS1_22918761_28_0 SS2_22918761_28_0 abbreviatedTo Staphylococcus aureus,Staph A

PubmedHPO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 422-437 HP_0100280 denotes Crohn's disease
T2 467-472 HP_0001945 denotes fever
T3 837-843 HP_0002664 denotes tumour

disease_gene_microbe_small

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T0 381-394 DOID:1019 denotes steomyelitis,
T1 396-406 DOID:3488 denotes ellulitis,
T2 423-438 DOID:8778 denotes rohn's disease,
T3 440-466 DOID:0050589 denotes nflammatory bowel disease,
T4 905-916 stringdb:9606.ENSP00000385834 denotes ransferrin
T5 1223-1234 stringdb:9606.ENSP00000385834 denotes ransferrin
T6 1545-1556 stringdb:9606.ENSP00000385834 denotes ransferrin
T7 3935-3948 DOID:1019 denotes steomyelitis
T8 4028-4031 stringdb:9606.ENSP00000338606 denotes DG
T9 4550-4561 stringdb:9606.ENSP00000385834 denotes ransferrin
T10 1596-1600 taxonomy:10116 denotes ats
T11 2642-2646 taxonomy:10116 denotes ats,
T12 4615-4636 taxonomy:1280 denotes taphylococcus aureus
T13 4665-4672 taxonomy:210425 denotes roteus