PubMed:21931845
Annnotations
PubMed_ArguminSci
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 117-191 | DRI_Background | denotes | The intestinal resident Candida glabrata opportunistically infects humans. |
| T2 | 192-282 | DRI_Challenge | denotes | However few genetic factors for adaptation in the intestine are identified in this fungus. |
| T3 | 283-411 | DRI_Challenge | denotes | Here we describe the C. glabrata CYB2 gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase as an adaptation factor for survival in the intestine. |
| T4 | 412-484 | DRI_Background | denotes | CYB2 was identified as a virulence factor by a silkworm infection study. |
| T5 | 485-572 | DRI_Approach | denotes | To determine the function of CYB2, we analysed in vitro phenotypes of the mutant Δcyb2. |
| T6 | 573-833 | DRI_Background | denotes | The Δcyb2 mutant grew well in glucose medium under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, was not supersensitive to nitric oxide which has fungicidal-effect in phagocytes, and had normal levels of general virulence factors protease, lipase and adherence activities. |
| T7 | 834-913 | DRI_Background | denotes | A previous report suggested that Cyb2p is responsible for lactate assimilation. |
| T8 | 914-1120 | DRI_Challenge | denotes | Additionally, it was speculated that lactate assimilation was required for Candida virulence because Candida must synthesize glucose via gluconeogenesis under glucose-limited conditions such as in the host. |
| T9 | 1121-1308 | DRI_Challenge | denotes | Indeed, the Δcyb2 mutant could not grow on lactate medium in which lactate is the sole carbon source in the absence of glucose, indicating that Cyb2p plays a role in lactate assimilation. |
| T10 | 1309-1502 | DRI_Challenge | denotes | We hypothesized that Cyb2p-mediated lactate assimilation is necessary for proliferation in the intestinal tract, as the intestine is rich in lactate produced by bacteria flora, but not glucose. |
| T11 | 1503-1623 | DRI_Outcome | denotes | The Δcyb2 mutant showed 100-fold decreased adaptation and few cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can adapt in mouse ceca. |
| T12 | 1624-1749 | DRI_Background | denotes | Interestingly, C. glabrata could assimilate lactate under hypoxic conditions, dependent on CYB2, but not yeast S. cerevisiae. |
| T13 | 1750-1912 | DRI_Challenge | denotes | Because accessible oxygen is limited in the intestine, the ability for lactate assimilation in hypoxic conditions may provide an advantage for a pathogenic yeast. |
| T14 | 1913-2036 | DRI_Challenge | denotes | From those results, we conclude that Cyb2p-mediated lactate assimilation is an intestinal adaptation factor of C. glabrata. |
silkworm
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 20-25 | Species:4932 | denotes | yeast |
| T2 | 26-42 | Species:5478 | denotes | Candida glabrata |
| T3 | 67-74 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T4 | 100-105 | Species:10090 | denotes | mouse |
| T5 | 141-157 | Species:5478 | denotes | Candida glabrata |
| T6 | 184-190 | Species:9606 | denotes | humans |
| T7 | 304-315 | Species:5478 | denotes | C. glabrata |
| T8 | 459-467 | Species:7091 | denotes | silkworm |
| T9 | 603-610 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T10 | 684-696 | Chemical:MESH:D009569 | denotes | nitric oxide |
| T11 | 892-899 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T12 | 951-958 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T13 | 989-996 | Species:5478 | denotes | Candida |
| T14 | 1015-1022 | Species:5478 | denotes | Candida |
| T15 | 1039-1046 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T16 | 1073-1080 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T17 | 1164-1171 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T18 | 1188-1195 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T19 | 1208-1214 | Chemical:MESH:D002244 | denotes | carbon |
| T20 | 1240-1247 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T21 | 1287-1294 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T22 | 1345-1352 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T23 | 1450-1457 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T24 | 1494-1501 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T25 | 1574-1598 | Species:4932 | denotes | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| T26 | 1612-1617 | Species:10090 | denotes | mouse |
| T27 | 1639-1650 | Species:5478 | denotes | C. glabrata |
| T28 | 1668-1675 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T29 | 1682-1700 | Disease:MESH:D009135 | denotes | hypoxic conditions |
| T30 | 1729-1734 | Species:4932 | denotes | yeast |
| T31 | 1735-1748 | Species:4932 | denotes | S. cerevisiae |
| T32 | 1769-1775 | Chemical:MESH:D010100 | denotes | oxygen |
| T33 | 1821-1828 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T34 | 1845-1863 | Disease:MESH:D009135 | denotes | hypoxic conditions |
| T35 | 1906-1911 | Species:4932 | denotes | yeast |
| T36 | 1965-1972 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T37 | 2024-2035 | Species:5478 | denotes | C. glabrata |
silkwormbase
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 20-25 | Species:4932 | denotes | yeast |
| T10 | 684-696 | Chemical:MESH:D009569 | denotes | nitric oxide |
| T11 | 892-899 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T12 | 951-958 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T13 | 989-996 | Species:5478 | denotes | Candida |
| T14 | 1015-1022 | Species:5478 | denotes | Candida |
| T15 | 1039-1046 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T16 | 1073-1080 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T17 | 1164-1171 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T18 | 1188-1195 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T19 | 1208-1214 | Chemical:MESH:D002244 | denotes | carbon |
| T2 | 26-42 | Species:5478 | denotes | Candida glabrata |
| T20 | 1240-1247 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T21 | 1287-1294 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T22 | 1345-1352 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T23 | 1450-1457 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T24 | 1494-1501 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |
| T25 | 1574-1598 | Species:4932 | denotes | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| T26 | 1612-1617 | Species:10090 | denotes | mouse |
| T27 | 1639-1650 | Species:5478 | denotes | C. glabrata |
| T29 | 1682-1700 | Disease:MESH:D009135 | denotes | hypoxic conditions |
| T3 | 67-74 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T30 | 1729-1734 | Species:4932 | denotes | yeast |
| T31 | 1735-1748 | Species:4932 | denotes | S. cerevisiae |
| T32 | 1769-1775 | Chemical:MESH:D010100 | denotes | oxygen |
| T33 | 1821-1828 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T34 | 1845-1863 | Disease:MESH:D009135 | denotes | hypoxic conditions |
| T35 | 1906-1911 | Species:4932 | denotes | yeast |
| T36 | 1965-1972 | Chemical:MESH:D019344 | denotes | lactate |
| T37 | 2024-2035 | Species:5478 | denotes | C. glabrata |
| T4 | 100-105 | Species:10090 | denotes | mouse |
| T5 | 141-157 | Species:5478 | denotes | Candida glabrata |
| T6 | 184-190 | Species:9606 | denotes | humans |
| T7 | 304-315 | Species:5478 | denotes | C. glabrata |
| T8 | 459-467 | Species:7091 | denotes | silkworm |
| T9 | 603-610 | Chemical:MESH:D005947 | denotes | glucose |