PubMed:21378309 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PubMed/sourceid/21378309","sourcedb":"PubMed","sourceid":"21378309","source_url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21378309","text":"Autophagy: a pathway that contributes to connexin degradation.\nThe function of connexins, which form gap junctions, can be rapidly modulated by degradation, because they have half-lives of only a few hours. Autophagy is a degradation pathway that has been implicated in several diseases and can be induced by cellular stresses such as starvation. We investigated the involvement of autophagy in proteolysis of the wild-type connexins CX50 and CX43, and a cataract-associated connexin mutant, CX50P88S, which forms cytoplasmic accumulations. We observed that cytoplasmic connexins were partially (cup-shaped) or completely (ring-shaped) enclosed by structures containing the autophagy-related protein LC3. Intracellular connexins also colocalized with p62, a protein that might serve as a cargo receptor for autophagic degradation. Starvation induced a decrease in connexin levels that was blocked by treatment with chloroquine, a lysosomal protease inhibitor, or by knockdown of the autophagy-related protein Atg5. These results demonstrate that autophagy can regulate cellular levels of wild-type connexins and imply that the persistence of accumulations of CX50P88S results from insufficient degradation capacity of constitutive autophagy.","tracks":[{"project":"PubmedHPO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":455,"end":463},"obj":"HP_0000518"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"PubmedHPO"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning","denotations":[{"id":"8","span":{"begin":434,"end":438},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"9","span":{"begin":443,"end":447},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"10","span":{"begin":455,"end":463},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"11","span":{"begin":700,"end":703},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"12","span":{"begin":751,"end":754},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"13","span":{"begin":915,"end":926},"obj":"ChemicalEntity"},{"id":"14","span":{"begin":1009,"end":1013},"obj":"GeneOrGeneProduct"},{"id":"15","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1205},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A8","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"8","obj":"Gene:2703"},{"id":"A9","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"9","obj":"Gene:2697"},{"id":"A10","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"10","obj":"MESH:D002386"},{"id":"A11","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"11","obj":"Gene:84557"},{"id":"A12","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"12","obj":"Gene:23636"},{"id":"A13","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"13","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A14","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"14","obj":"Gene:9474"},{"id":"A15","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"15","obj":"MESH:D000309"},{"subj":"8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning"},{"subj":"9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning"},{"subj":"10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning"},{"subj":"11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning"},{"subj":"12","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning"},{"subj":"13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning"},{"subj":"14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning"},{"subj":"15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning"}]},{"project":"LitCoin-Disease-Tuning-1","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":278,"end":286},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":335,"end":345},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":455,"end":463},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":831,"end":841},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"ID:","subj":"T1","obj":"D004194"},{"id":"A2","pred":"ID:","subj":"T2","obj":"D013217"},{"id":"A3","pred":"ID:","subj":"T3","obj":"D002386"},{"id":"A4","pred":"ID:","subj":"T4","obj":"D013217"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Disease-Tuning-1"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Disease-Tuning-1"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Disease-Tuning-1"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCoin-Disease-Tuning-1"}]},{"project":"LitEisuke","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":335,"end":345},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":455,"end":463},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":831,"end":841},"obj":"DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"#label","subj":"T1","obj":"D013217"},{"id":"A2","pred":"#label","subj":"T2","obj":"D002386"},{"id":"A3","pred":"#label","subj":"T3","obj":"D013217"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitEisuke"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitEisuke"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitEisuke"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"PubmedHPO","color":"#93ecc7","default":true},{"id":"LitCoin-PubTator-for-Tuning","color":"#ecad93"},{"id":"LitCoin-Disease-Tuning-1","color":"#9393ec"},{"id":"LitEisuke","color":"#acec93"}]}]}}