PubMed:21294818 JSONTXT

{"project":"silkworm_phenotype","denotations":[{"id":null,"span":{"begin":593,"end":596},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":430,"end":433},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":417,"end":428},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":379,"end":384},"obj":"BMO_00497"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":177,"end":182},"obj":"BMO_00497"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":44,"end":47},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":31,"end":42},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":22,"end":30},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":129,"end":141},"obj":"Disease:MESH:D010859"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":192,"end":215},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":283,"end":293},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":325,"end":335},"obj":"Chemical:MESH:D011621"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":449,"end":457},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":459,"end":470},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":626,"end":636},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1048,"end":1056},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1240},"obj":"Chemical:MESH:D014527"}],"text":"Positional cloning of silkworm white egg 2 (w-2) locus shows functional conservation and diversification of ABC transporters for pigmentation in insects.\nThe white, scarlet and brown genes of Drosophila melanogaster encode three half-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In Drosophila, precursors of ommochromes and pteridines are transported by White/Scarlet and White/Brown heterodimers, respectively. The white egg 2 (w-2) mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has white eggs and eyes because of lack of ommochrome granules in the serosa and eyes. Here, we report that the silkworm w-2 locus encodes an ortholog of Drosophila scarlet. Our results indicate that Bombyx Scarlet forms a heterodimer with Bombyx White to transport ommochrome precursors, suggesting that formation of a White/Scarlet heterodimer and its involvement in the transport of ommochrome precursors are evolutionarily ancient and widely conserved traits in insects. Contrary to dipteran insects, white and scarlet were juxtaposed in a head-to-tail orientation in the silkworm genome, suggesting that the origin of white and scarlet was a tandem duplication of their ancestral transporter gene. In Bombyx, White is also essential for the transport of uric acid in larval epidermis. However, our results suggest that a Bombyx White/Scarlet heterodimer is not involved in this process. Our results emphasize the functional conservation and diversification of half-type ABC transporter families in insects, which may contribute to their extremely diverse color patterns."}

{"project":"silkworm","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":22,"end":30},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":129,"end":141},"obj":"Disease:MESH:D010859"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":192,"end":215},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":283,"end":293},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":325,"end":335},"obj":"Chemical:MESH:D011621"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":449,"end":457},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":459,"end":470},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":626,"end":636},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1048,"end":1056},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1240},"obj":"Chemical:MESH:D014527"}],"text":"Positional cloning of silkworm white egg 2 (w-2) locus shows functional conservation and diversification of ABC transporters for pigmentation in insects.\nThe white, scarlet and brown genes of Drosophila melanogaster encode three half-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In Drosophila, precursors of ommochromes and pteridines are transported by White/Scarlet and White/Brown heterodimers, respectively. The white egg 2 (w-2) mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has white eggs and eyes because of lack of ommochrome granules in the serosa and eyes. Here, we report that the silkworm w-2 locus encodes an ortholog of Drosophila scarlet. Our results indicate that Bombyx Scarlet forms a heterodimer with Bombyx White to transport ommochrome precursors, suggesting that formation of a White/Scarlet heterodimer and its involvement in the transport of ommochrome precursors are evolutionarily ancient and widely conserved traits in insects. Contrary to dipteran insects, white and scarlet were juxtaposed in a head-to-tail orientation in the silkworm genome, suggesting that the origin of white and scarlet was a tandem duplication of their ancestral transporter gene. In Bombyx, White is also essential for the transport of uric acid in larval epidermis. However, our results suggest that a Bombyx White/Scarlet heterodimer is not involved in this process. Our results emphasize the functional conservation and diversification of half-type ABC transporter families in insects, which may contribute to their extremely diverse color patterns."}

{"project":"silkwormbase","denotations":[{"id":null,"span":{"begin":31,"end":42},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":44,"end":47},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":177,"end":182},"obj":"BMO_00497"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":379,"end":384},"obj":"BMO_00497"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":417,"end":428},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":430,"end":433},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":null,"span":{"begin":593,"end":596},"obj":"BMO_00181"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1240},"obj":"Chemical:MESH:D014527"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1048,"end":1056},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":626,"end":636},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":459,"end":470},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":449,"end":457},"obj":"Species:7091"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":325,"end":335},"obj":"Chemical:MESH:D011621"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":283,"end":293},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":192,"end":215},"obj":"Species:7227"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":129,"end":141},"obj":"Disease:MESH:D010859"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":22,"end":30},"obj":"Species:7091"}],"text":"Positional cloning of silkworm white egg 2 (w-2) locus shows functional conservation and diversification of ABC transporters for pigmentation in insects.\nThe white, scarlet and brown genes of Drosophila melanogaster encode three half-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In Drosophila, precursors of ommochromes and pteridines are transported by White/Scarlet and White/Brown heterodimers, respectively. The white egg 2 (w-2) mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has white eggs and eyes because of lack of ommochrome granules in the serosa and eyes. Here, we report that the silkworm w-2 locus encodes an ortholog of Drosophila scarlet. Our results indicate that Bombyx Scarlet forms a heterodimer with Bombyx White to transport ommochrome precursors, suggesting that formation of a White/Scarlet heterodimer and its involvement in the transport of ommochrome precursors are evolutionarily ancient and widely conserved traits in insects. Contrary to dipteran insects, white and scarlet were juxtaposed in a head-to-tail orientation in the silkworm genome, suggesting that the origin of white and scarlet was a tandem duplication of their ancestral transporter gene. In Bombyx, White is also essential for the transport of uric acid in larval epidermis. However, our results suggest that a Bombyx White/Scarlet heterodimer is not involved in this process. Our results emphasize the functional conservation and diversification of half-type ABC transporter families in insects, which may contribute to their extremely diverse color patterns."}

{"project":"Allie","denotations":[{"id":"SS1_21294818_0_0","span":{"begin":31,"end":42},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_21294818_0_0","span":{"begin":44,"end":47},"obj":"abbr"},{"id":"SS1_21294818_1_0","span":{"begin":239,"end":259},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_21294818_1_0","span":{"begin":261,"end":264},"obj":"abbr"},{"id":"SS1_21294818_3_0","span":{"begin":417,"end":428},"obj":"expanded"},{"id":"SS2_21294818_3_0","span":{"begin":430,"end":433},"obj":"abbr"}],"relations":[{"id":"AE1_21294818_0_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_21294818_0_0","obj":"SS2_21294818_0_0"},{"id":"AE1_21294818_1_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_21294818_1_0","obj":"SS2_21294818_1_0"},{"id":"AE1_21294818_3_0","pred":"abbreviatedTo","subj":"SS1_21294818_3_0","obj":"SS2_21294818_3_0"}],"text":"Positional cloning of silkworm white egg 2 (w-2) locus shows functional conservation and diversification of ABC transporters for pigmentation in insects.\nThe white, scarlet and brown genes of Drosophila melanogaster encode three half-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In Drosophila, precursors of ommochromes and pteridines are transported by White/Scarlet and White/Brown heterodimers, respectively. The white egg 2 (w-2) mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has white eggs and eyes because of lack of ommochrome granules in the serosa and eyes. Here, we report that the silkworm w-2 locus encodes an ortholog of Drosophila scarlet. Our results indicate that Bombyx Scarlet forms a heterodimer with Bombyx White to transport ommochrome precursors, suggesting that formation of a White/Scarlet heterodimer and its involvement in the transport of ommochrome precursors are evolutionarily ancient and widely conserved traits in insects. Contrary to dipteran insects, white and scarlet were juxtaposed in a head-to-tail orientation in the silkworm genome, suggesting that the origin of white and scarlet was a tandem duplication of their ancestral transporter gene. In Bombyx, White is also essential for the transport of uric acid in larval epidermis. However, our results suggest that a Bombyx White/Scarlet heterodimer is not involved in this process. Our results emphasize the functional conservation and diversification of half-type ABC transporter families in insects, which may contribute to their extremely diverse color patterns."}

{"project":"PubmedHPO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1126,"end":1137},"obj":"HP_0009609"}],"text":"Positional cloning of silkworm white egg 2 (w-2) locus shows functional conservation and diversification of ABC transporters for pigmentation in insects.\nThe white, scarlet and brown genes of Drosophila melanogaster encode three half-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In Drosophila, precursors of ommochromes and pteridines are transported by White/Scarlet and White/Brown heterodimers, respectively. The white egg 2 (w-2) mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has white eggs and eyes because of lack of ommochrome granules in the serosa and eyes. Here, we report that the silkworm w-2 locus encodes an ortholog of Drosophila scarlet. Our results indicate that Bombyx Scarlet forms a heterodimer with Bombyx White to transport ommochrome precursors, suggesting that formation of a White/Scarlet heterodimer and its involvement in the transport of ommochrome precursors are evolutionarily ancient and widely conserved traits in insects. Contrary to dipteran insects, white and scarlet were juxtaposed in a head-to-tail orientation in the silkworm genome, suggesting that the origin of white and scarlet was a tandem duplication of their ancestral transporter gene. In Bombyx, White is also essential for the transport of uric acid in larval epidermis. However, our results suggest that a Bombyx White/Scarlet heterodimer is not involved in this process. Our results emphasize the functional conservation and diversification of half-type ABC transporter families in insects, which may contribute to their extremely diverse color patterns."}