PubMed:2014945 JSONTXT

{"project":"PubMed_Structured_Abstracts","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":126,"end":220},"obj":"OBJECTIVE"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":229,"end":323},"obj":"METHODS"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":333,"end":355},"obj":"METHODS"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":366,"end":458},"obj":"METHODS"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":474,"end":707},"obj":"METHODS"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":722,"end":821},"obj":"METHODS"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":831,"end":1730},"obj":"RESULTS"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1744,"end":2344},"obj":"CONCLUSIONS"}],"text":"Risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with small peripheral venous catheters. A randomized controlled trial.\nOBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheters.\nDESIGN: A randomized trial of two catheter materials, with consideration of 21 potential risk factors.\nSETTING: A university hospital.\nPATIENTS: Hospitalized adults without granulocytopenia who received a peripheral intravenous catheter.\nINTERVENTIONS: House officers or ward nurses inserted the catheters, and each insertion was randomized to a catheter made of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (FEP-Teflon) or a novel polyetherurethane without leachable additives (PEU-Vialon).\nMEASUREMENTS: Research nurses scored insertion sites each day for inflammation and cultured catheters at removal.\nRESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier risk for phlebitis exceeded 50% by day 4 after catheterization. intravenous antibiotics (relative risk, 2.00), female sex (relative risk, 1.88), prolonged (greater than 48 hours) catheterization (relative risk, 1.79), and catheter material (PEU-Vialon: FEP-Teflon) (relative risk, 0.73) strongly predicted phlebitis in a Cox proportional hazards model (each, P less than 0.003). The best-fit model for severe phlebitis identified the same predictors plus catheter-related infection (relative risk, 6.19), phlebitis with a previous catheter (relative risk, 1.54), and anatomic site (hand: forearm, relative risk, 0.71; wrist:forearm, relative risk, 0.60). The low incidence of local catheter-related infection was comparable with the two catheter materials (5.4% [95% CI, 3.8% to 7.6%] and 6.9% [CI, 4.9% to 9.6%]); none of the 1054 catheters prospectively studied caused bacteremia.\nCONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors, including the infusate and the duration of cannulation, contribute to the development of infusion-related phlebitis. The use of peripheral intravenous catheters made of PEU-Vialon appears to pose the same risk for catheter-related infection as the use of catheters made of FEP-Teflon, and PEU-Vialon can permit longer cannulation with less risk for phlebitis. The risk for catheter-related bacteremia with FEP-Teflon and PEU-Vialon catheters is sufficiently low that it no longer seems justifiable to recommend the use of small steel needles for most peripheral intravenous therapy."}

{"project":"Inflammaging","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":83},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":84,"end":114},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":115,"end":125},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":126,"end":220},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":221,"end":228},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":229,"end":323},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":324,"end":332},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":333,"end":355},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":356,"end":365},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":366,"end":458},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":459,"end":473},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":474,"end":707},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":708,"end":721},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":722,"end":821},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":822,"end":830},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":831,"end":1226},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1227,"end":1502},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1503,"end":1730},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1731,"end":1743},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1744,"end":1878},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1879,"end":2121},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":2122,"end":2344},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":83},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":84,"end":114},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":115,"end":125},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":126,"end":220},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":221,"end":228},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":229,"end":323},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":324,"end":332},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":333,"end":355},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":356,"end":365},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":366,"end":458},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":459,"end":473},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":474,"end":707},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":708,"end":721},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":722,"end":821},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":822,"end":830},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":831,"end":1226},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1227,"end":1502},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1503,"end":1730},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1731,"end":1743},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1744,"end":1878},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1879,"end":2121},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":2122,"end":2344},"obj":"Sentence"}],"text":"Risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with small peripheral venous catheters. A randomized controlled trial.\nOBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for infusion-related phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheters.\nDESIGN: A randomized trial of two catheter materials, with consideration of 21 potential risk factors.\nSETTING: A university hospital.\nPATIENTS: Hospitalized adults without granulocytopenia who received a peripheral intravenous catheter.\nINTERVENTIONS: House officers or ward nurses inserted the catheters, and each insertion was randomized to a catheter made of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (FEP-Teflon) or a novel polyetherurethane without leachable additives (PEU-Vialon).\nMEASUREMENTS: Research nurses scored insertion sites each day for inflammation and cultured catheters at removal.\nRESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier risk for phlebitis exceeded 50% by day 4 after catheterization. intravenous antibiotics (relative risk, 2.00), female sex (relative risk, 1.88), prolonged (greater than 48 hours) catheterization (relative risk, 1.79), and catheter material (PEU-Vialon: FEP-Teflon) (relative risk, 0.73) strongly predicted phlebitis in a Cox proportional hazards model (each, P less than 0.003). The best-fit model for severe phlebitis identified the same predictors plus catheter-related infection (relative risk, 6.19), phlebitis with a previous catheter (relative risk, 1.54), and anatomic site (hand: forearm, relative risk, 0.71; wrist:forearm, relative risk, 0.60). The low incidence of local catheter-related infection was comparable with the two catheter materials (5.4% [95% CI, 3.8% to 7.6%] and 6.9% [CI, 4.9% to 9.6%]); none of the 1054 catheters prospectively studied caused bacteremia.\nCONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors, including the infusate and the duration of cannulation, contribute to the development of infusion-related phlebitis. The use of peripheral intravenous catheters made of PEU-Vialon appears to pose the same risk for catheter-related infection as the use of catheters made of FEP-Teflon, and PEU-Vialon can permit longer cannulation with less risk for phlebitis. The risk for catheter-related bacteremia with FEP-Teflon and PEU-Vialon catheters is sufficiently low that it no longer seems justifiable to recommend the use of small steel needles for most peripheral intravenous therapy."}